Influence of Tooth Pigmentation on H2O2 Diffusion and Its Cytotoxicity After In-office Tooth Bleaching

Clinical Relevance Pigments in tooth structures affect the diffusion of H2O2 through enamel and dentin. The bleaching methodology can be impacted. SUMMARY Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the presence of pigments in tooth structures on the trans-enamel and trans-dentin diffusion of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and its cytotoxicity after carrying out an in-office bleaching therapy. Methods and Materials: A bleaching gel with 35% H2O2 was applied for 45 minutes (three times for 15 minutes) on enamel and dentin discs (n=6), either previously submitted to the intrinsic pigmentation protocol with a concentrated solution of black tea, or not, defining the following groups: G1, unbleached untreated discs (control 1); G2, unbleached pigmented discs (control 2); G3, bleached untreated discs; G4, bleached pigmented discs. The discs were adapted to artificial pulp chambers, which were placed in wells of 24-well plates containing 1 mL culture medium (Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium [DMEM]). After applying the bleaching gel on enamel, the extracts (DMEM + components of bleaching gel that diffused through the discs) were collected and then applied on the cultured MDPC-23 odontoblast-like cells. Cell viability (methyl tetrazolium assay and Live & Dead, Calcein AM, and ethidium homodimer-1 [EthD-1] probes), the amount of H2O2 that diffused through enamel and dentin (leuco-crystal violet product), and the H2O2-mediated oxidative cell stress (SOx) and components of degradation were assessed (analysis of variance/Tukey; α=0.05). Results: There was no significant difference between the groups G1 and G2 for all the parameters tested (p>0.05). Reduction in the trans-enamel and trans-dentin diffusion of H2O2 occurred for G4 in comparison with G3. Significantly lower cell viability associated with greater oxidative stress was observed for G3 (p<0.05). Therefore, in-office tooth bleaching therapy performed in pigmented samples caused lower cytotoxic effects compared with untreated samples submitted to the same esthetic procedure (p<0.05). Conclusion: According to the methodology used in this investigation, the authors concluded that the presence of pigments in hard tooth structures decreases the trans-enamel and trans-dentin diffusion of H2O2 and the toxicity to pulp cells of an in-office bleaching gel with 35% H2O2.

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Cytotoxicity assessment of different doses of ozonated water on dental pulp cells

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-021-01392-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ferdiye Küçük ◽

Sibel Yıldırım ◽

Serap Çetiner

Keyword(s):

Cell Viability ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Dental Pulp ◽

Control Group ◽

Dental Pulp Cells ◽

Time Points ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Pulp Cells ◽

Time Point ◽

Ozonated Water

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to assess the cytotoxicity of various concentrations of ozonated water (OW) on human primary dental pulp cells. Methods Human primary dental pulp cells were isolated from exfoliated primary canine teeth of an 11-year-old patient with good systemic and oral health. Afterwards, cells were divided into 6 experimental groups; four groups of OW in concentrations of 2 mg/L, 4 mg/L, 8 mg/L, and 16 mg/L, untreated control group, and cell culture without cells. Cytotoxicity was evaluated after exposure for 5-min exposure using Mosmann’s Tetrazolium Toxicity (MTT) assay at 0 h and 48 h time points. Data were analyzed using a repeated measures analysis of variance and Post-hoc tests were performed using Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Results All experimental groups showed proliferation at 0 h time point. However, all groups also experienced a decrease in overtime at 48 h time point (p < 0.05). At both time points 2 mg/L OW showed the highest cell viability as well as proliferation. At 0 h time point, the increase in cell viability for all experimental groups was found statistically significant when compared to positive control group (p < 0.05). At 48 h time point, although 8 mg/L and 16 mg/L OW showed statistically significant reduction in compare to 0 h time point, 2 mg/L and 4 mg/L OW groups didn’t experience any statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). Conclusion Considering our findings, due to ozonated water's induced a higher proliferation rate of dental pulp cells, indicating their biocompatibility and a possible adjuvant on irrigating agent in regenerative endodontic procedures.

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Effects of plasma-emulating light-emitting diode (LED) versus conventional LED on cytotoxic effects and polymerization capacity of orthodontic composites

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327113520020 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 33 (10) ◽

pp. 1000-1007 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

B Çörekçi ◽

C Irgın ◽

K Halıcıoğlu ◽

S Dursun ◽

MZ Yavuz

Keyword(s):

Cell Viability ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

L929 Cell ◽

Mouse Fibroblast ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Honestly Significant Difference ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Light Curing

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate, the cytotoxicity of orthodontic composites in vitro as a function of degree of conversion (DC) and the light curing units (LCU) employed on mouse fibroblast (L929). Materials and Methods: Cured samples of the composites Light bond ( Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, Illinois, USA), Ortho bracket paste (Bisco, Schaumburg, Illinois, USA), Opal bond MV (OPAL, South Jordan, Utah, USA), and Transbond XT (3M, Monrovia, California, USA) were prepared. Polymerization was performed with two LCUs: VALO Ortho (Ultradent, South Jordan, Utah, USA) is a third-generation LCU and Elipar S10 (3M, USA) is a second-generation LCU. Four samples were immersed in cell culture medium to obtain composite extracts. After incubation of L929 cell cultures with the extracts obtained, cytotoxicity was determined using the methyl tetrazolium test. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to evaluate DC for five samples. A multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA), two-way ANOVA, and Tukey’s honestly significant difference test were utilized for statistical analyses. Results: Cytotoxicity and DC of all tested composites ( p < 0.001) and the interaction between composites and LCUs ( p < 0.01) were significantly different. LCUs had no significant influence on the cytotoxicity and DC of composite materials ( p > 0.05). The correlations between cell viability and DC were positive for three composites but statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Composites and LCUs must be matched with one another to result in satisfactory maximal biocompatibility and DC. Opal Bond plasma light-emitting diode combination was a better choice for cell viability. Three composites showed a positive correlation between cytotoxicity and DC. Therefore high-intensity LCUs can be said to efficiently affect polymerization, and so, higher DC rates may achieve higher cell viability rates.

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Viability of preloaded Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty grafts with 96-hour shipment

BMJ Open Ophthalmology ◽

10.1136/bmjophth-2020-000679 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. e000679

Author(s):

Conan Chen ◽

Steven Jared Solar ◽

John Lohmeier ◽

Staci Terrin ◽

Satya Baliga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Cell ◽

Cell Viability ◽

Rocky Mountain ◽

Cell Loss ◽

Endothelial Keratoplasty ◽

Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty ◽

Descemet Membrane ◽

Glass Slides ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Calcein Am

ObjectiveTo assess feasibility and compare the effects of 96-hour shipment of Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) grafts as a scroll or a tri-fold on cell viability.Methods and analysisDMEK grafts were prepared at the Rocky Mountain Lions Eye Bank. Twenty pre-stripped DMEK grafts, paired from 10 donors, were either tri-folded in an endothelium-in configuration using microforceps and loaded into a plastic Treyetech cartridge, or suctioned in a scrolled endothelium-out configuration into a modified Jones Tube. Grafts were shipped via FedEx to a secondary location and back for 48 hours each way, resulting in a total shipping time of 96 hours. After shipping, grafts were removed from inserters onto glass slides and unfolded using viscoelastic with endothelium facing upwards. Calcein-AM stained grafts were imaged with a fluorescent microscope and endothelial cell loss (ECL) was measured using trainable segmentation in Fiji by a masked grader.ResultsA total of 20 grafts were shipped for 96 hours, split between preloaded tri-folded (n=10) and preloaded scrolled (n=10) tissues. No significant difference in ECL was observed across groups after prolonged shipping (14.8% vs 13.7% ECL respectively, p=0.68).ConclusionFor preloaded DMEK after 96 hours, both scrolled and tri-folded tissue demonstrated clinically acceptable levels of ECL. The data suggest a wider window of time for endothelial cell viability and is promising for the prospect of international shipment of preloaded grafts.

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Improved Antioxidant Capacity of Black Tea Waste Utilizing PlantCrystals

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26030592 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 592 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Abraham M. Abraham ◽

Reem M. Alnemari ◽

Jana Brüßler ◽

Cornelia M. Keck

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Aqueous Media ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Black Tea ◽

Pharmaceutical Products ◽

Small Scale ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Plant Waste

Antioxidants are recommended to prevent and treat oxidative stress diseases. Plants are a balanced source of natural antioxidants, but the poor solubility of plant active molecules in aqueous media can be a problem for the formulation of pharmaceutical products. The potential of PlantCrystal technology is known to improve the extraction efficacy and antioxidant capacity (AOC) of different plants. However, it is not yet proved for plant waste. Black tea (BT) infusion is consumed worldwide and thus a huge amount of waste occurs as a result. Therefore, BT waste was recycled into PlantCrystals using small-scale bead milling. Their characteristics were compared with the bulk-materials and tea infusion, including particle size and antioxidant capacity (AOC) in-vitro. Waste PlantCrystals possessed a size of about 280 nm. Their AOC increased with decreasing size according to the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) assays. The AOC of the waste increased about nine-fold upon nanonization, leading to a significantly higher AOC than the bulk-waste and showed no significant difference to the infusion and the used standard according to DPPH assay. Based on the results, it is confirmed that the PlantCrystal technology represents a natural, cost-effective plant-waste recycling method and presents an alternative source of antioxidant phenolic compounds.

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Anthracycline-induced cytotoxicity in the GL261 glioma model system

Molecular Biology Reports ◽

10.1007/s11033-020-06109-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Amber M. Tavener ◽

Megan C. Phelps ◽

Richard L. Daniels

Keyword(s):

Cell Viability ◽

Tumor Cells ◽

Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽

Annexin V ◽

Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Induced Apoptosis ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

Gl261 Glioma

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal astrocyte-derived tumor that is currently treated with a multi-modal approach of surgical resection, radiotherapy, and temozolomide-based chemotherapy. Alternatives to current therapies are urgently needed as its prognosis remains poor. Anthracyclines are a class of compounds that show great potential as GBM chemotherapeutic agents and are widely used to treat solid tumors outside the central nervous system. Here we investigate the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin and other anthracyclines on GL261 glioma tumor cells in anticipation of novel anthracycline-based CNS therapies. Three methods were used to quantify dose-dependent effects of anthracyclines on adherent GL261 tumor cells, a murine cell-based model of GBM. MTT assays quantified anthracycline effects on cell viability, comet assays examined doxorubicin genotoxicity, and flow cytometry with Annexin V/PI staining characterized doxorubicin-induced apoptosis and necrosis. Dose-dependent reductions in GL261 cell viability were found in cells treated with doxorubicin (EC50 = 4.9 μM), epirubicin (EC50 = 5.9 μM), and idarubicin (EC50 = 4.4 μM). Comet assays showed DNA damage following doxorubicin treatments, peaking at concentrations of 1.0 μM and declining after 25 μM. Lastly, flow cytometric analysis of doxorubicin-treated cells showed dose-dependent induction of apoptosis (EC50 = 5.2 μM). Together, these results characterized the cytotoxic effects of anthracyclines on GL261 glioma cells. We found dose-dependent apoptotic induction; however at high concentrations we find that cell death is likely necrotic. Our results support the continued exploration of anthracyclines as compounds with significant potential for improved GBM treatments.

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Cytotoxic Effects of N,N-Diethyl-Meta-Toluamide (DEET) on Sinonasal Epithelia

OTO Open ◽

10.1177/2473974x211009232 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 2473974X2110092

Author(s):

Jivianne T. Lee ◽

Saroj Basak

Keyword(s):

Cell Viability ◽

Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Environmental Toxicants ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Airborne Pollutants ◽

Cell Monitoring ◽

History Of ◽

And Control ◽

Dose Dependent

Although the etiology of chronic rhinosinusitis remains unknown, environmental factors including airborne pollutants and toxicants are postulated to contribute to its pathogenesis. However, the precise pathomechanisms with which environmental toxicants may contribute to chronic rhinosinusitis are not fully understood. The purpose of this pilot study is to examine the cytotoxic effects of N,N-diethyl- meta-toluamide (DEET), a commonly used pesticide, on sinonasal epithelial cells (SNECs). Sinus mucosa was obtained from 3 subjects without a history of chronic rhinosinusitis. Cultured SNECs were exposed to various concentrations of DEET (0-5 mM) for 6 days. Cell viability, proliferation, and morphologic changes were assessed using the MTT colorimetric dye assay and the Incucyte Live Cell Monitoring System. Statistically significant dose-dependent reduction in cell viability and proliferation was observed between exposure and control groups ( P < .05) at all concentrations tested. Dose-dependent cellular morphological changes were also seen. These findings indicate that DEET exposure induces dose-dependent cytotoxicity in sinonasal epithelia.

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The Effectiveness Differences Between Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Extract 100% and Carbamide Peroxide Gel 10% in Tooth Whitening (ex vivo)

Journal of Indonesian Dental Association ◽

10.32793/jida.v3i1.429 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 31

Author(s):

Any Setyawati ◽

Syifa Nabila Farah Fauziah Nur

Keyword(s):

Malic Acid ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Citrullus Lanatus ◽

Black Tea ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Carbamide Peroxide ◽

Extrinsic Factors ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group 2

Introduction: Discoloration can be caused by intrinsic or extrinsic factors. One of the discoloration treatments is teeth whitening. Teeth whitening process usually uses chemicals such as hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide which can cause side effects, namely gingival irritation. Previous research has found that malic acid in strawberries can whiten teeth. Watermelons contain greater malic acid than strawberries. Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of 100% watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) extract on teeth whitening. Methods: The study was a laboratory experimental study with a total of 15 anterior post-extraction teeth which were discolored using black tea, divided into 3 groups. Group 1 was immersed in 100% watermelon extract, group 2 was immersed in 10% carbamide peroxide as positive control and group 3 was immersed in sterile aquades as negative control, for 56 hours, measured using a shade guide and spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed using one way Anova. Results: The 100% watermelon extract was effective for teeth whitening. There was a significant difference between 100% watermelon extract compared to negative control (p < 0.05). However, there was also a significant difference between 100% watermelon extract, and 10% carbamide peroxide gel (p = 0.003). Conclusion: The watermelon extract has the ability as teeth whitening agent. However, further study is still needed to explore this result and determine the proper concentration for teeth whitening.

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13C-caffeine breath test results show high dependence of aryl-hydrocarbon receptor SNPs

10.21203/rs.3.rs-34910/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mchiko Ishii ◽

Yukimoto Ishii ◽

Tomohisa Nakayama ◽

Yasuo Takahashi ◽

Satoshi Asai

Keyword(s):

Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor ◽

Breath Test ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Black Tea ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Aryl Hydrocarbon ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Caffeine Metabolism ◽

Characteristic Area

Abstract Aim: We investigated the relationship between trimethyl-13C-caffeine breath test (triCBT) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are related to caffeine metabolism and consumption.Methods: Subjects were 132 young healthy adults (median 21 years: 101 male, 31 female). Subjects completed a questionnaire that enquired about their smoking status, consumption of caffeinated drinks (including coffee, black tea, green tea), height, weight, and body mass index (BMI). DNA was extracted from saliva, and genotyping was performed using TaqMan® SNP Genotyping for cytochrome P4501A2 rs762551, rs2472297, and aryl-hydrocarbon receptor rs4410790. Trimethyl 13C-caffeine (100 mg) was dissolved in distilled water and administered orally. Subsequently, breath samples were collected every 10 mins for 90 mins. Infrared spectroscopy was used to analyze the amount of 13CO2 in the expired breath, and the sum (Δ13CO2) over 90 min (S90m) was calculated.Results: All subjects had genotype CC for rs2472297. S90m was not significantly different among rs762551 genotypes; however, there was a significant difference in S90m among rs4410790 genotypes. Δ13CO2 was significantly affected by rs4410790 SNPs and smoking. The receiver operating characteristic area under the curve was 0.758 when rs4410790 phenotype C was considered positive. When the cutoff value was set to S90m (23.4 ‰), the sensitivity and specificity were 71.4% and 72.1%, respectively.Conclusions: Our results suggest that caffeine demethylation is affected by rs4410790 SNPs and smoking, and that triCBT can be used to identify SNPs in rs4410790.

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Effect of Analgesic Drugs on Tooth Sensitivity Induced by In-office Dental Bleaching: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/18-250-l ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. E66-E76 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

RTF Costa ◽

SLD Moraes ◽

CAA Lemos ◽

JR SoutoMaior ◽

BC do E Vasconcelos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Drug Group ◽

Preemptive Analgesia ◽

Tooth Bleaching ◽

Tooth Sensitivity ◽

Time Points ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Time Point

SUMMARY Objective: This systematic review evaluates the effect of preemptive analgesia on tooth sensitivity induced by in-office tooth bleaching. Methods: The review was structured based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) checklist. The methods were recorded at PROSPERO (CRD42018095440). Randomized clinical trials, studies published in English, and studies in which the efficacy of preemptive analgesia with analgesic and anti-inflammatory medications prior to in-office tooth bleaching was compared with that of placebo were included. PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were used for searching. The electronic search provided 373 articles, and seven of them were selected based on the inclusion criteria. Results: Immediately after time point, a significant reduction of dental sensitivity was observed in the drug group compared to the control group (p=0.02; mean difference [MD]: −0.90; confidence interval [CI]: −1.63 to −0.16), while there was no significant difference at up to one-hour (p=0.22; MD: −0.42; CI: −1.09 to −0.25), at 1-24–hour (p=0.88; MD: −0.05; CI: −0.61 to 0.72), or 24-48–hour (p=0.69; MD: 0.05; CI: −0.21 to 0.32) time points. The incidence of sensitivity during the procedure was not statistically different between the groups (p=0.64; MD: 0.91; CI: 0.92 to 1.15). The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug group showed a statistically significant reduction (p=0.04; MD: −0.69; CI: −1.36 to −0.03) in tooth sensitivity compared with the other groups. Conclusions: This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that the medications analyzed did not interfere with the incidence of sensitivity symptoms. Regarding the intensity, no difference was observed between the drug and placebo groups at the up to one-hour, 1-24–hour, or 24-48–hour time points, and there was a statistically significant difference at the zero-hour time point in favor of the drug group. However, based on the variables that influenced this result, it should be considered with prudence because a small difference was observed.

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Cytotoxicity studies of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles in chicken macrophage cells

Royal Society Open Science ◽

10.1098/rsos.191561 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 191561 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shan Zhang ◽

Shu Wu ◽

Yiru Shen ◽

Yunqi Xiao ◽

Lizeng Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Cytokine ◽

Cell Activity ◽

Cytokine Secretion ◽

Ros Production ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Macrophage Cells ◽

Cytotoxicity Studies ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chicken Macrophage ◽

Different Doses

Magnetic Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 -NPs) have been widely investigated for their biomedical applications. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of different sizes of Fe 3 O 4 -NPs in chicken macrophage cells (HD11). Experimental groups based on three sizes of Fe 3 O 4 -NPs (60, 120 and 250 nm) were created, and the Fe 3 O 4 -NPs were added to the cells at different doses according to the experimental group. The cell activity, oxidative index (malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reactive oxygen species (ROS)), apoptosis and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion level were detected to analyse the cytotoxic effects of Fe 3 O 4 -NPs of different sizes in HD11 cells. The results revealed that the cell viability of the 60 nm Fe 3 O 4 -NPs group was lower than those of the 120 and 250 nm groups when the same concentration of Fe 3 O 4 -NPs was added. No significant difference in MDA was observed among the three Fe 3 O 4 -NP groups. The SOD level and ROS production of the 60 nm group were significantly greater than those of the 120 and 250 nm groups. Furthermore, the highest levels of apoptosis and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion were caused by the 60 nm Fe 3 O 4 -NPs. In conclusion, the smaller Fe 3 O 4 -NPs produced stronger cytotoxicity in chicken macrophage cells, and the cytotoxic effects may be related to the oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by increased ROS production as well as the increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

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