scholarly journals PROVERBS AND SAYINGS DENOTING PERSON’S MENTAL ABILITIES IN THE RUSSIAN, OSSETIAN AND CHECHEN LANGUAGES

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
З.Н. Зангиева
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
Communicative Behavior ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mental Abilities ◽  
Main Components

В последние годы усилился интерес к изучению паремий с позиций лингвокультурологии. В силу своего интереса к пространству культуры и воплощенной в языке национальной ментальности, лингвокультурология способствует взаимопониманию и взаимоуважению в процессе межкультурного общения. Изучение языковой картины мира вообще и паремиологической картины мира в частности раздвигает границы лингвистики. Благодаря когнитивным методам исследования, язык предстает не только как система лексических, грамматических и фонологических единиц, не только как система правил коммуникативного поведения в определённом этнокультурном и социальном контексте, но и как система вербализованных знаний о мире. Настоящее исследование проводилось в рамках двух основных направлений лингвокультурологии паремиологическом и сопоставительном. Рассматриваются и сопоставляются паремиологические единицы, представляющие концепт умственные способности как одна из основных составляющих менталитета русского, осетинского и чеченского народов для выявления лакун и эквивалентов в трёх языках. Наличие данного концепта наблюдается во всех языках, а национальная специфика проявляется в выборе образа, эталона или стереотипа, присущего определенной культуре. Русский, осетинский и чеченский концепты умственные способности имеют как значительные типологические сходства, так и различия, проявляющиеся в национальных особенностях трёх народов, зависящих от истории каждого этноса, его географического местоположения, социальных и культурных отличий. Пословицы не зря называют автобиографией этноса , зеркалом культуры : в них заложен мощный лингвокультурологический потенциал. Раскрытие семантических особенностей, национальнокультурной окрашенности пословиц и поговорок, обозначающих умственные способности трeх языков, позволяет наглядно увидеть общее и национальноспецифичное на уровне установок культуры, стереотипов, образов и символов трёх культур. А это, в свою очередь, помогает понять определенные специфические черты русской, осетинской и чеченской ментальности, что способствует совершенствованию процесса межкультурной коммуникации. In recent years, interest in the study of paremia from the standpoint of culture studies has increased. By virtue of its interest in the space of culture and the national mentality embodied in the language, culture studies promote mutual understanding and mutual respect in the process of intercultural communication. The study of the linguistic picture of the world in general and the paremiological picture of the world in particular expands the boundaries of linguistics. Thanks to the cognitive methods of research, the language is presented not only as a system of lexical, grammatical and phonological units, not only as a system of rules for communicative behavior in a particular ethnocultural and social context, but also as a system of verbalized knowledge about the world. The present study was conducted in the framework of two main areas of linguoculturology paremiological and comparative. Paremiological units are considered and compared, representing the concept of intellectual abilities as one of the main components of the mentality of the Russian, Ossetian and Chechen peoples for identifying lacunas and equivalents in three languages. The presence of this concept is observed in all languages, and ethnic specificity is manifested in the choice of an image, a standard, or a stereotype inherent in a particular culture. The Russian, Ossetian, and Chechen concepts of mental abilities have both significant typological similarities and differences, manifested in the ethnic characteristics of the three peoples, determined by the history of each ethnic group, its geographical location, and social and cultural differences. Proverbs are deservedly called the autobiography of the ethnos, the mirror of culture: they have a powerful linguocultural potential. The disclosure of semantic features, ethniccultural coloring of proverbs and sayings, denoting the mental abilities of the three languages, highlights the general and ethnicspecific at the level of cultural attitudes, stereotypes, images and symbols of the three cultures. And this, in turn, helps to understand certain specific features of the Russian, Ossetian and Chechen mentality, which contributes to the improvement of the process of intercultural communication.

Pragmatism and Prophecy: H. G. Wells and the Metaphysics of Socialism

2017 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
DUNCAN BELL
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Philosophical Orientation ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Political Thinker

Read throughout the world, H. G. Wells was one of the most famous political thinkers of the early twentieth century. During the first half of the 1900s, he elaborated a bold and idiosyncratic cosmopolitan socialist vision. In this article, I offer a new reading of Wells's political thought. I argue that he developed a distinctivepragmatistphilosophical orientation, which he synthesized with his commitments to Darwinian evolutionary theory. His pragmatism had four main components: a nominalist metaphysics; a verificationist theory of truth; a Jamesian “will to believe”; and a conception of philosophy as an intellectual exercise dedicated to improving practice. His political thought was shaped by this philosophical orientation. Wells, I contend, was the most high-profile pragmatist political thinker of the opening decades of the twentieth century. Acknowledging this necessitates a re-evaluation of both Wells and the history of pragmatism.

scholarly journals Representation of Communicative and Pragmatic Frame ‘Intellect’ In English, German and Russian Paremiological World Pictures

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milyausha R Shaimardanova ◽  
Anna V. Zorina ◽  
Leysan A. Akhmetova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
World View ◽  
Cognitive Learning ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Intellectual Abilities ◽  
The World ◽  
Mental Abilities ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of the study is to conduct a cognitively-comparative analysis of the representation of the communicative-pragmatic frame intellect (Russianум, German Klugheit) objectified in proverbs of English and Russian languages, which, being a reflection of the world view of a particular ethnic group, are a conventional way of expressing stereotypes of the people.The scientific novelty of the study lies in a comprehensive analysis of stereotypical assessments of the intellectual abilities of an individual as a representative of a particular society, through the study of paremias containing the nomination of the intellect – foolishness binome in the English, German and Russian paremiological view of the world.The article bears the result of the study of 1243 proverbial units – 412 English, 433 German and 398 Russian proverbs and sayings. As a result, universal and unique stereotypical representations of the value and the availability of knowledge and intelligence were revealed; the relationship between the level of mental abilities and behavior, luck; dependence of intelligence on alcohol, age, wealth and happiness.In addition, a correlation was determined between related (English and German) and unrelated (Russian) languages, which, in turn, facilitates the process of cognitive learning of the languages studied. Consequently, the article contributes to solving the problems of intercultural communication.

scholarly journals ИСПАНСКАЯ ТЕМА В РАССКАЗАХ Э. ХЕМИНГУЭЯ «ПОБЕДИТЕЛЬ НЕ ПОЛУЧАЕТ НИЧЕГО»

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (93) ◽  
pp. 162-179
Author(s):  
Т.О. Разуменко
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
Ernest Hemingway ◽  
Lost Generation ◽  
Ordinary Life ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Inner World ◽  
Post War ◽  
Life Path ◽  
Main Components

Ernest Hemingway is a symbolic figure in the literature of the 20th century. His name and works entered the history of world literature forever. The purpose of the article is to characterize the way of opening the inner world and the emotional state of the characters, the psychology of the ‘lost generation’ in the interaction of its external and internal manifestations through the civil war inSpain. The article analyzes the stories ‘A clean, well-lighted place’, ‘A way you’ll never be’, ‘The light of the world’. The heated atmosphere of the ‘bloody decade’ introduced new themes into the writer's work.Spainbecame a ‘moment of truth’ for E. Hemingway. He feels the inevitability of the coming world war. E. Hemingway expressed himself inSpaincompletely as an artist, and as a citizen. All the characters of his stories are simple people, men and women, unemployed, traumatized by war, looking for their place in the post-war world (a cook, a lumberjack, Indians, prostitutes etc.). Endless humor, laughter, self-irony, joke, and sometimes bitter laughter help them to stand and find their place in life. The ‘code’ of light, purity, and peace are universally introduced into all writer's works. In the personality of his characters there is much in common, unifying them with all the differences in appearance and life path, and above all, hopelessness and disappointment, indifference to life in general, and the most terrible is their loneliness. The utmost frankness and genuineness of soul movements, the combination of morals, history, nature with the chronicle of only human destiny, are exceptionally bright creative personalities of E. Hemingway, who describes his characters. In our work we came to the conclusion that the characters of the stories about the war years inSpain‘A clean, well-lighted place’ (about a lonely old man), ‘A way you’ll never be’ (about the war), ‘The light of the world’ (the sad and ironic story about prostitutes who remembered the past) anyway are rejected by a prosperous society. Hopelessness, dark state of the soul of ‘lost generation’ are combined with the belief in the ‘ordinary’ life without the war for the characters of E. Hemingway’s stories. Light and dignity are the main components of a person’s peaceful life, the confession of a person who got out of the abyss and survived during the war, but who lost the sense of life in peacetime, they are distinguishing features of many characters in military conflicts.

scholarly journals Features of Precedent Units Functioning in Russian Media Discourse (on the Example of «Argonauts», «Golden Fleece», «Jason»)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
Anna N. Mishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Greek Mythology ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
History Of ◽  
Russian Media ◽  
The Media

The article is devoted to the study of precedent units with the source «ancient Greek mythology», which have the potential to broadcast the linguistic and cultural features of a particular community, the recognition of which influences the success of intercultural communication. The work provides a comprehensive analysis of the precedent units included in the cycle «The History of the Golden Fleece», namely «Argonauts», «Golden Fleece», «Jason» in the texts of Russian-language media. In the article the author argues that the change in the semantics of constructions occurs not only at the denotative, but also at the connotative, pragmatic level, where the studied precedent units acquire new semantic features. The analysis of the functioning features of the precedent units included in the «History of the Golden Fleece» cycle allows us to establish the linguistic mechanisms of their «deployment» in the media discourse and come to the conclusion about the specifics of the fragment of the worldview, fixed in mythologized precedent phenomena.

scholarly journals Odessa Higher International Institute is the First Private Special Diplomatic Institution of Higher Education in the World

2017 ◽  
pp. 343-367
Author(s):  
Valery Levchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
International Institute ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Main Components

The article concerns the history of creation and activities of the Odessa Higher International Institute (1916-1920) as the first private special diplomatic educational institution in the world. The author briefly describes the history of the first such universities in the world, presents a comparative analysis of the Institute’s statutes in 1916 and 1918, considers the process of organization of the Institute and the main components of its activity (teaching staff, formation of educational process). The paper examines the students composition, the process of their rights evolution in the system of the Russian Empire / Ukrainian State higher education, the transformation of a higher education institution against a backdrop of reorganization of the Odessa Higher School in 1919–1920.

scholarly journals Deutsche Spuren in der Ukraine im Deutscheunterricht: illustrativ, interaktiv, kommunikativ

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-55
Author(s):  
Vita A. Hamaniuk
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Intercultural Competence ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Communicative Behavior ◽  
Smooth Flow ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

The article deals with the problem of the development of intercultural competence, which is one of the key competences in foreign language education. The focus lies on examining the opportunities available to use the topic of German Trails in Ukraine as a material for developing intercultural competence. The theoretical foundations on which the research was conducted are analyzed: the essence of intercultural communication, the conditions of its smooth flow; the essence of intercultural competence, its constituents and the relations between them; the role of country studies (both the country of the target language and its own history) in the acquisition of background knowledge, the ability to compare cultures, to tolerate differences between them, and furthermore. Considering that the development of intercultural competence at a level that would ensure the effective implementation of intercultural communication is primarily due to the presence, in addition to language acquisition, of intercultural knowledge, perceptions of the rules of communicative behavior and the positive disposition of learners, an important element is the approaching of the target culture, the removal of prejudices about the „alien“. This can be achieved through the inclusion in the educational process of materials from the immediate environment of learners. For exemple, the theme „Traces of the Germans in Ukraine“ is used, in which work, on the one hand, reveals facts of the history of the Germans and Germany in the European format, and on the other, the facts of the history of their own country, the history of their immediate surroundings, at the expense of which the story of „alien“ is transferred to the personal sphere. Among the possible forms of work on the topic focuses on three: work with texts containing information, the history of the Germans as a motivation for communication, the implementation of an interdisciplinary approach to training of project activities.

THE ROLE OF LINGUISTIC ASPECT IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.T. ABDUKADYROVA ◽  
◽  
T.A. TSUTSASHVILI ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Scientific Understanding ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
The World ◽  
Linguistic Aspect ◽  
Different Cultures

The purpose of this article is a scientific understanding of the methodological and theoretical problems of the linguistic aspect in intercultural communication. The importance of this article is due to the fact that the focus is on the study of linguistic aspects that can affect communication between native speakers of different languages. The linguistic aspect is not limited to identifying semantic features of words in different languages. It also covers the comparison of various communicative situations, ways of dividing the world by language means, and the comparison of speech behavior of representatives of different cultures. The result of the research is the conclusion that the language aspect of intercultural communication should focus not on finding "equivalents", but on studying extralinguistic differences, taking into account that concepts in two different languages may differ. The "meaning" of a word is the thread that connects the language world with the world of reality for the speaker.

scholarly journals STRENGTHENING TOTAL PEOPLE'S DEFENSE AND SECURITY SYSTEM IN THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ERA 4.0 TO FACE THE THREAT OF SIXTH GENERATION WAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Ryamizard Ryacudu ◽  
I Nengah Putra ◽  
Susilo Adi Purwantoro
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Security System ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Sixth Generation ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Main Components ◽  
State Defense

<div><p class="Els-history-head">Revolution couldn’t be separated in the history of the struggle of the Indonesian nation. Experience and real evidence that the involvement of every component in the elements of the nation plays a crucial role in making Indonesia be one of the great countries in the world. This experience was adopted into a state defense system known as the Total People’s Defense and Security System. Growing globalization could be a threat to a country's sovereignty, mainly in the era of the sixth genealogy war. The purpose of this study is to develop knowledge about the importance of strengthening Sishankamrata (Total People’s Defense and Security System) in presence of industry 4.0. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative analysis through literature studies with the development of thinking through literature studies and research tour of duty. In this study, the PMESII and VUCA construction is used. The result of this study is confirmed that strengthening Sishankamrata was needed to improve the readiness of the national defense strategy in facing the threat of the sixth-generation war. This strengthening includes strengthening the posture and capabilities of the main components, reserve components, and supporting components, and strengthen state defense as a foundation in Sishankamrata by optimizing national insight integrated with every policymaker.</p></div>

scholarly journals The evolutionary history of the current globalRamularia collo-cygniepidemic

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remco Stam ◽  
Hind Sghyer ◽  
Martin Münsterkötter ◽  
Saurabh Pophaly ◽  
Aurélien Tellier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Genomic Comparison ◽  
Ramularia Leaf Spot ◽  
The World ◽  
Genome Features ◽  
History Of ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractRamularia Leaf Spot (RLS) has emerged as a threat for barley production in many regions of the world. Late appearance of unspecific symptoms caused thatRamularia collo-cygnicould only by molecular diagnostics be detected as the causal agent of RLS. Although recent research has shed more light on the biology and genomics of the pathogen, the cause of the recent global spread remains unclear.To address urgent questions, especially on the emergence to a major disease, life-cycle, transmission, and quick adaptation to control measures, we de-novo sequenced the genome ofR. collo-cygni(urug2 isolate). Additionally, we sequenced fungal RNA from 6 different conditions, which allowed for an improved genome annotation. This resulted in a high quality draft assembly of about 32 Mb, with only 78 scaffolds with an N50 of 2.1 Mb. The overall annotation enabled the prediction of 12.346 high confidence genes. Genomic comparison revealed thatR. collo-cygnihas significantly diverged from relatedDothidiomycetes, including gain and loss of putative effectors, however without obtaining species-specific genome features.To evaluate the species-wide genetic diversity, we sequenced the genomes of 19R. collo-cygniisolates from multiple geographic locations and diverse hosts and mapped sequences to our reference genome. Admixture analyses show thatR. collo-cygniis world-wide genetically uniform and that samples do not show a strong clustering on either geographical location or host species. To date, the teleomorph ofR. collo-cygnihas not been observed. Analysis of linkage disequilibrium shows that in the world-wide sample set there are clear signals of recombination and thus sexual reproduction, however these signals largely disappear when excluding three outliers samples, suggesting that the main global expansion ofR. collo-cygnicomes from mixed or clonally propagating populations. We further analysed the historic population size (Ne) ofR. collo-cygniusing Bayesian simulations.We discuss how our genomic data and population genetics analysis can help understand the currentR. collo-cygniepidemic and provide different hypothesis that are supported by our data. We specifically highlight how recombination, clonal spreading and lack of host-specificity could further support global epidemics of this increasingly recognized plant disease and suggest specific approaches to combat this pathogen.

scholarly journals COLOR DESIGNATIONS IN THE CHUVASH AND CHINESE LANGUAGES: ON THE HISTORY OF THE STUDY

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Екатерина Евгеньевна Калинина
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Language ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Color Category ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Cultural Code

Статья посвящена вопросам изучения цветообозначений в чувашском и китайском языках. Цель работы - рассмотреть и систематизировать накопленный в изучении чувашских и китайских цветообозначений опыт. Основой для исследования послужили научные работы по данной теме. Выявлено, что сохраняется устойчивый интерес лингвистов к изучению цвета в самых различных аспектах и направлениях.Актуальность исследования определяется пристальным вниманием к изучению взаимодействия языка, культуры и этноса, где семантическое поле цветообозначения рассматривается как компонент культурного кода. В чувашском языкознании лексика цветообозначений пока не получила должного освещения. Встречаются работы фрагментарного характера, в которых затрагиваются вопросы этноспецифических особенностей символики цвета. Категория цвета в китайском языке широко исследовалась как зарубежными, так и отечественными языковедами.На основе сопоставительного обзора научных работ автор приходит к выводу, что в чувашском и китайском языках исследователи уделяют внимание изучению семантических особенностей слов-цветообозначений, их употреблению в художественных произведениях, анализу в аспекте языковой картины мира, в частности на примере фразеологических и паремиологических единиц. Предпочтение отдается сопоставительным исследованиям цветообозначений в основном с русским и английским языками. This article is devoted to the color designations in the Chuvash and Chinese languages. The purpose of the work is to consider and systematize the accumulated experience in the study of the Chuvash and Chinese color designations. The study is based on the research works devoted to the subject under consideration. It was revealed that linguists are still interested in the study of color in various aspects and focus areas .The relevance of the work is determined by a very close attention to the study of the interaction of language, culture and ethnicity, which semantic field of color designation is considered as a component of the cultural code. In Chuvash linguistics , the vocabulary of color designations has not been studied properly yet.. There are some works of a fragmentary nature, in which the issues of ethnic specific features of color symbolism are raised. However, the color category in the Chinese language has been widely studied by both foreign and domestic linguists.Based on the comparative review of scientific works, the author comes to the conclusion that in the Chuvash and Chinese languages, researchers pay attention to the study of the semantic features of words of color designations, their use in literary works, analysis in the aspect of the world linguistic picture, in particular, exemplified by phraseological and paremiological units. The preference is given to comparative studies of color designations mainly in the Russian and English languages.

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