scholarly journals Adolescent pregnancy termination and childbearing – the impact of an older sister’s pregnancy outcome

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizbaeth Wall-Wieler ◽  
Leslie Roos ◽  
Nathan Nickel
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Missing Values ◽  
Pregnancy Termination ◽  
Teenage Mother ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTBackgroundAn older sister's teenage pregnancy status is known to influence whether or not a younger sister also has a teenage pregnancy. This study examines whether a younger sister’s odds of teenage pregnancy are impacted by her older sister’s teenage pregnancy status (no pregnancy, teenage mother, termination), and if she does become pregnant, if the older sister’s teenage pregnancy status impacts her odds of terminating that pregnancy. MethodsA birth cohort created with the linkable administrative databases housed at the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (MCHP) is used to examine these questions. The cohort consisted of 17,169 teenage girls born in Manitoba between April 1, 1979 and March 31, 1994, who stayed in the province until at least their 20th birthday, had at least one older sister, and were not missing values on any key variables. Logistic regression models, controlling for a variety of confounders, are used to examine the relationship between sisters’ teenage pregnancy outcomes. First, the relationship between an older sister’s teenage pregnancy status (no teenage pregnancy, terminated teenage pregnancy, and teenage mother) and a younger sister’s teenage pregnancy is examined. Second, for those who had a teenage pregnancy, the likelihood of her terminating that pregnancy is examined based on her older sister’s teenage pregnancy status.ResultsTeenagers whose older sister had been a teenage mother (OR = 3.2; 95% CI 2.8-36) and those whose older sister terminated her teenage pregnancy (OR= 2.6; 95% CI 2.2-3.0) had significantly higher odds of having a teenage pregnancy than those whose older sister did not have a teenage pregnancy. For those who did have a teenage pregnancy, termination of that pregnancy was more likely if she had an older sister who terminated her teenage pregnancy (OR = 2.7; 95% CI 1.9-3.7) or did not have a teenage pregnancy (OR = 1.8; 95% CI 1.3-2.4) than if her older sister was a teenage mother.ConclusionAn older sister's teenage pregnancy outcome has a significant impact on whether or not a younger sister becomes pregnant and whether she terminates her teenage pregnancy. Younger sisters are most likely to become pregnant if their older sisters had been teenage mothers; these girls were also least likely to terminate their teenage pregnancy.

scholarly journals Teenage pregnancy: The impact of maternal adolescent childbearing and older sister’s teenage

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Wall-Wieler ◽  
Leslie Roos ◽  
Nathan Nickel
Keyword(s):  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Missing Values ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
Teenage Childbearing ◽  
Original Cohort ◽  
Adolescent Childbearing ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
First Child ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTBackgroundRisk factors for teenage pregnancy are linked to many factors, including a family history of teenage pregnancy. This research examines whether a mother’s teenage childbearing or an older sister’s teenage pregnancy more strongly predicts teenage pregnancy in a younger sister. MethodsThis study used linkable administrative databases housed at the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (MCHP). The original cohort consisted of 17,115 women born in Manitoba between April 1, 1979 and March 31, 1994, who stayed in the province until at least their 20th birthday, had at least one older sister, and had no missing values on key variables. Propensity score matching (1:2) was used to create balanced cohorts for two logistic regression models; one examining the impact of an older sister’s teenage pregnancy on a younger sister's teenage pregnancy and the other analyzing the effect of the mother’s teenage childbearing on a younger sister's teenage pregnancy odds.ResultsThe adjusted odds of becoming pregnant between ages 14 and 19 for teens with at least one older sister having a teenage pregnancy were 3.06 (99% CI 2.53 - 3.64) times higher than for women whose older sister(s) did not have a teenage pregnancy. Teenage daughters of mothers who had their first child before age 20 had 1.51 (99% CI 1.29 - 1.78) times higher odds of pregnancy than those whose mothers had their first child after age 19. Educational achievement was adjusted for in a sub-population examining the odds of pregnancy between ages 16 and 19. After this adjustment, the odds of teenage pregnancy for teens with at least one older sister who had a teenage pregnancy were reduced to 2.34 (99% CI 1.92-2.86) and the odds of pregnancy for teen daughters of teenage mothers were reduced to 1.35 (99% CI 1.15-1.59).ConclusionGiven that an older sister’s teenage pregnancy has a much stronger impact than a mother’s teenage pregnancy, this study suggests social modeling to be a stronger risk factor for teenage pregnancy than living in an adverse environment created by a mother's adolescent childbearing. This study contributes to understanding of the broader topic “who is influential about what” within the family.

Does Travel Distance Affect Readmission Rates after Cardiac Surgery?

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. 1170-1173
Author(s):  
Yen-yi Juo ◽  
Alexis Woods ◽  
Ryan Ou ◽  
Gianna Ramos ◽  
Richard Shemin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Center ◽  
Surgical Care ◽  
Hospital Length ◽  
Travel Distance ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Readmission Rates ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Caucasian Race ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

With emphasis on value-based health care, empiric models are used to estimate expected read-mission rates for individual institutions. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between distance traveled to seek surgical care and likelihood of readmission in adult patients undergoing cardiac operations at a single medical center. All adults undergoing major cardiac surgeries from 2008 to 2015 were included. Patients were stratified by travel distance into regional and distant travel groups. Multivariable logistic regression models were developed to assess the impact of distance traveled on odds of readmission. Of the 4232 patients analyzed, 29 per cent were in the regional group and 71 per cent in the distant. Baseline characteristics between the two groups were comparable except mean age (62 vs 61 years, P < 0.01) and Caucasian race (59 vs 73%, P < 0.01). Distant travel was associated with a significantly longer hospital length of stay (11.8 vs 10.5 days, P < 0.01) and lower risk of readmission (9.5 vs 13.4%, P < 0.01). Odds of readmission was inversely associated with logarithm of distance traveled (odds ratio 0.75). Travel distance in patients undergoing major cardiac surgeries was inversely associated with odds of readmission.

The moderating role of parenting on the relationship between psychopathy and antisocial behavior in adolescence

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa C. Silva ◽  
Håkan Stattin
Keyword(s):  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Linear Interaction ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Quadratic Interaction ◽  
Willingness To Disclose ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWe aimed to analyze the impact of several parenting factors on the relationship between psychopathy and antisocial behavior. Nine hundred youths and their mothers reported on parent–youth interactions, and youth self-report measures of psychopathy, delinquency and violent behavior were taken. Multiple regression was used to test for the significance of interactions between parenting and psychopathy scores. In terms of delinquency, linear interactions between psychopathy and the level of conflict with parents and parents' knowledge of their youths' whereabouts/youths' willingness to disclose information were found based on the data reported by the youths. Data reported by mothers indicated a linear interaction between psychopathy and parents' knowledge/youth disclosure, and a quadratic interaction of conflict with parents. For violence, we used logistic regression models to analyze moderation. No interaction effects between psychopahy scores and parenting factors were found. Youths' reports of high conflict with parents and parents' knowledge/youth disclosure showed to have an impact on violence regardless of the level of psychopathic traits. Implications for the prevention and treatment are discussed.

scholarly journals Exploratory Study Of The Relationship Between Poverty And Crimes In Albany/Dougherty, Georgia

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Amaechi N. Nwaokoro ◽  
Clifford Marshall ◽  
Shiwam Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Wage Rate ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The Real ◽  
Market Factors ◽  
Dougherty County ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Both the crime andpoverty rates in Albany/Dougherty County, Georgia, are substantially high. Therefore, the objective of this study is tohighlight the sources of the relationships between poverty and crimes in thisarea. The paper makes additionalcontributions by exploring the impact of non-market factors of segregation anddiscrimination on poverty in the remote Dougherty County that is also characterizedby both dualistic and restricted environments.The crimes seem to be driven by poverty that is characterized by otherfactors - the remoteness of the county, exit of some big establishments, decliningurban education, increasing unemployment rate, non-harmonized economic environments,and by the presence of teenage pregnancy. These prevailing adversities have cumulativelysuppressed the real average weekly wage rate, proxy of poverty. Crimes and poverty control measures areincluded in the study.

scholarly journals The Impact of High Carbohydrate Intake on Physical Frailty in Older Korean Adults: a Cohort-based Cross-sectional Study

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narae Yang ◽  
Yunhwan Lee ◽  
Mi Kyung Kim ◽  
Kirang Kim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Physical Frailty ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Korean Elderly ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: The relationship between macronutrients and frailty is unclear. Previous studies have confirmed the relationships between energy and protein intake and physical frailty, while few studies have examined the role of carbohydrate or fat intake in the prevalence of frailty. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship of energy and macronutrients with physical frailty in the Korean elderly population who had a high proportion of energy intake from carbohydrates.Methods: This study included 954 adults aged 70 to 84 years who have completed the assessment of frailty and 24-h recall upon enrolment in the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study and have no extreme intake under 400 kcal (n = 2). The relationship between energy or macronutrients and frailty was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression models and multivariate nutrient density models.Results: In the subjects with low energy intake (odds ratio [OR] = 2.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.34–6.45) and total subjects (OR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.03–3.93), consuming carbohydrates above the acceptable macronutrient distribution range (65% of energy) was related to a higher risk of frailty. Substituting the energy from fat with carbohydrates was related to a higher risk of frailty (1%, OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.00–1.09; 5%, OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.02–1.56; 10%, OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.03–2.43).Conclusions: This study showed that the proportion of energy intake from carbohydrates and fats may be an important nutritional intervention factor for reducing the risk of frailty.

scholarly journals Sex differences in multimorbidity and polypharmacy trends: A repeated cross-sectional study of older adults in Ontario, Canada

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250567
Author(s):  
Colleen J. Maxwell ◽  
Luke Mondor ◽  
Anna J. Pefoyo Koné ◽  
David B. Hogan ◽  
Walter P. Wodchis
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Absolute Increase ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Background Multimorbidity is increasing among older adults, but the impact of these recent trends on the extent and complexity of polypharmacy and possible variation by sex remains unknown. We examined sex differences in multimorbidity, polypharmacy (5+ medications) and hyper-polypharmacy (10+ medications) in 2003 vs 2016, and the interactive associations between age, multimorbidity level, and time on polypharmacy measures. Methods and findings We employed a repeated cross-sectional study design with linked health administrative databases for all persons aged ≥66 years eligible for health insurance in Ontario, Canada at the two index dates. Descriptive analyses and multivariable logistic regression models were conducted; models included interaction terms between age, multimorbidity level, and time period to estimate polypharmacy and hyper-polypharmacy probabilities, risk differences and risk ratios for 2016 vs 2003. Multimorbidity, polypharmacy and hyper-polypharmacy increased significantly over the 13 years. At both index dates prevalence estimates for all three were higher in women, but a greater absolute increase in polypharmacy over time was observed in men (6.6% [from 55.7% to 62.3%] vs 0.9% [64.2%-65.1%] for women) though absolute increases in multimorbidity were similar for men and women (6.9% [72.5%-79.4%] vs 6.2% [75.9%-82.1%], respectively). Model findings showed that polypharmacy decreased over time among women aged < 90 years (especially for younger ages and those with fewer conditions), whereas it increased among men at all ages and multimorbidity levels (with larger absolute increases typically at older ages and among those with 4 or fewer conditions). Conclusions There are sex and age differences in the impact of increasing chronic disease burden on changes in measures of multiple medication use among older adults. Though the drivers and health consequences of these trends warrant further investigation, the findings support the heterogeneity and complexity in the evolving association between multimorbidity and polypharmacy measures in older populations.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 pandemic impacted maternal mental health differently depending on pregnancy status and trimester of gestation

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anick Bérard ◽  
Jessica Gorgui ◽  
Vanina Tchuente ◽  
Anaïs Lacasse ◽  
Yessica-Haydee Gomez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Maternal Mental Health ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Period Wave

Abstract Introduction: We aimed to measure the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal mental health, stratifying on pregnancy status, trimester of gestation, and pandemic period/wave.Methods: Pregnant persons and persons who delivered in Canada during the pandemic, >18 years, were recruited, and data were collected using a web-based strategy. The current analysis includes data on persons enrolled between 06/2020-08/2021. Maternal sociodemographic indicators, mental health measures (Edinburgh Perinatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Generalized Anxiety Disorders (GAD-7), stress) were self-reported. Maternal mental health in pregnant women (stratified by trimester, and pandemic period/wave at recruitment) was compared with mental health of women who had delivered; determinants of severe depression were identified with multivariate logistic regression models.Results: 2,574 persons were pregnant and 626 had already delivered at recruitment. Participants who had delivered had significantly higher mean depressive symptom scores compared to those pregnant at recruitment (9.1 (SD, 5.7) vs. 8.4 (SD, 5.3), p=0.009). Among those who were pregnant at recruitment, depressive symptoms were significantly higher in women recruited in their third trimester, and those recruited during the 2nd wave of the pandemic. Maternal anxiety (aOR 1.51; 95%CI 1.44-1.59) and stress (aOR 1.35; 95%CI 1.24-1.48) were the most significant predictors of severe maternal depression (EDPS˃13) in pregnancy. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on maternal depression during pregnancy and in the post-partum period. Given that gestational depression/anxiety/stress have been associated with preterm birth and childhood cognitive problems, it is essential to continue following women/children, and develop strategies to reduce COVID-19’s longer-term impact.

scholarly journals Anaemia is Associated with Severe Illness in COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheying Tao ◽  
Mingyu Liu ◽  
Jingyi Wu ◽  
Jing Xu ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Severe Condition ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background and objective:Anaemia commonly aggravates the severity of respiratory diseases, whereas thus far, no study has elucidated the impact of anaemiaonCorona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19). The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with anaemia, and to further explore the relationship between anaemiaand the severity of COVID-19.METHODS:In this single-center, retrospective, observational study, a total of 222 patients were recruited, including 79 patients with anaemia and 143 patients without anaemia. Clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, disease progression and prognosis were collected and analyzed. Risk factors associated with the severe illness in COVID-19were established by univariable and multivariable logistic regression models.Result：In our cohort, compared to patients without anaemia, patients with anaemia were more likely to experience one or more comorbidities and severe COVID-19 illness, as well as higher mortality. More patients demonstrated elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin(PCT) and creatinine in anaemia group. Levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR), D-dimer, myoglobin, T-pro brain natriuretic peptide(T-pro-BNP) and urea nitrogen(BUN)in patients with anaemia were significantly higher than those without. In addition,the proportion of patients with dyspnoea，elevated CRP and PCT was positively associated with the severity of anaemia. The Odd Ratio (OR) of anaemia related to the severe condition of COVID-19 was 5.07 (95% CI:1.82-14.18, P=0.002) and 3.47 (95% CI:1.02-11.75, P=0.046) after adjustment for baseline date and laboratory indices, respectively.Conclusion:Anaemia is an independent risk factor associated with the severe illness of COVID-19, and healthcare professionals should be more sensitive to the haemoglobin levels of COVID-19 patients on admission. To avoid rapid deterioration, more intensive care should be given to patients with anaemia.Trial registration: Ethics committee of Wuhan University People's Hospital (wdry2020-k064)

scholarly journals Smoke-Free Policies and Smoking Cessation in the United States, 2003–2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (17) ◽  
pp. 3200
Author(s):  
Andrea R. Titus ◽  
Lucie Kalousova ◽  
Rafael Meza ◽  
David T. Levy ◽  
James F. Thrasher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Family Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Smoking Restrictions ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

(1) Background: Smoking restrictions have been shown to be associated with reduced smoking, but there are a number of gaps in the literature surrounding the relationship between smoke-free policies and cessation, including the extent to which this association may be modified by sociodemographic characteristics. (2) Methods: We analyzed data from the Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey, 2003–2015, to explore whether multiple measures of smoking restrictions were associated with cessation across population subgroups. We examined area-based measures of exposure to smoke-free laws, as well as self-reported exposure to workplace smoke-free policies. We used age-stratified, fixed effects logistic regression models to assess the impact of each smoke-free measure on 90-day cessation. Effect modification by gender, education, family income, and race/ethnicity was examined using interaction terms. (3) Results: Coverage by workplace smoke-free laws and self-reported workplace smoke-free policies was associated with higher odds of cessation among respondents ages 40–54. Family income modified the association between smoke-free workplace laws and cessation for women ages 25–39 (the change in the probability of cessation associated with coverage was most pronounced among lower-income women). (4) Conclusions: Heterogeneous associations between policies and cessation suggest that smoke-free policies may have important implications for health equity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document