Formulation of Mouthwash Preparations Ethanol Extract of Coffee Beans Roasted Robusta (Coffea canephora) and Effectiveness Test on Bacteria Streptococcus mutans

Dental caries can be caused by Streptococcus mutans bacteria. Robusta coffee bean extract has an inhibitory effect on the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria. Compounds that have antibacterial activity are chlorogenic acid (CGA), caffeine, caffeic acid and trigonelline. Robusta coffee bean extract has the potential to be formulated into mouthwash. This study aims to make a mouthwash formula with the active ingredient of roasted Robusta coffee extract and then evaluate the preparation and test its effectiveness against S. mutans bacteria. Mouthwash preparations were made in 3 formulas with different glycerin concentrations, namely 5%, 10%, and 15%. The stability test of the preparation used the treatment before and after the forced condition. Bacterial inhibition test using agar diffusion method with the positive control, namely commercial mouthwash Chlorhexidine and negative control mouthwash formula without extract content. Data analysis used the Kruskal-Wallis test to determine the differences in each treatment, and the Mann-Whitney test to see which treatment groups were significantly different. The results of the evaluation of the stability of the preparation showed that the three formulations of the mouthwash of roasted Robusta coffee bean extract had organoleptic stability, pH, and viscosity. The results of the inhibitory effectiveness test showed that the mouthwash formulation of formula 1 produced an inhibition zone of 1.6 mm, formula 2 of 2.1 mm, formula 3 of 2.4 mm, positive control of 6.8 mm, and negative control did not produce obstacles zone. It can be concluded that the three mouthwash formulas have antibacterial activity in the weak category (5 mm). The concentration of glycerin in the formula had no significant effect on the stability of the preparation and the antibacterial effectiveness of S. mutans. The results of the inhibitory effectiveness test showed that the mouthwash formulation of formula 1 produced an inhibition zone of 1.6 mm, formula 2 of 2.1 mm, formula 3 of 2.4 mm, positive control of 6.8 mm, and negative control did not produce obstacles zone. It can be concluded that the three mouthwash formulas have antibacterial activity in the weak category (5 mm). The concentration of glycerin in the formula had no significant effect on the stability of the preparation and the antibacterial effectiveness of S. mutans. The results of the inhibitory effectiveness test showed that the mouthwash formulation of formula 1 produced an inhibition zone of 1.6 mm, formula 2 of 2.1 mm, formula 3 of 2.4 mm, positive control of 6.8 mm, and negative control did not produce obstacles zone. It can be concluded that the three mouthwash formulas have antibacterial activity in the weak category (5 mm). The concentration of glycerin in the formula had no significant effect on the stability of the preparation and the antibacterial effectiveness of S. mutans.

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UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN MEKAI (Pycnarrhena cauliflora DIELS.) TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus

Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung ◽

10.51352/jim.v6i2.369 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 246

Author(s):

Yayuk Bulam Sarifati ◽

Sjarif Ismail ◽

Khemasili Kosala

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Measurement ◽

Eye Pain

Mekai leaves (Pycnarrhena cauliflora Diels.) (P. cauliflora). Are known to contain flavonoid compounds, tannins and phenolics that act as antibacterial agents and are used in the treatment of eye pain. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the examples of bacterial diseases of eye pain and also a major cause of many infections in communities and health facilities with cases of resistance to various antimicrobial agents. The purpose of this study was to prove the antibacterial activity of mekai leaves ethanol extract against S. aureus bacteria. This research is an experimental research. The stages of this research began by extracting mekai leaves using maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent. Antibacterial activity was tested by the disc method (Kirby-Bauer) using ethanol extract concentrations of mekai leaves (EPC) 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80%, positive control using 25 μg amoxicillin and negative control using DMSO 10%. The measurement results of inhibition zones of mekai leaf ethanol extract 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% and 80% respectively were 8.32 mm, 8.32 mm, 8.32 mm, 8.67 mm, 9.00 mm, 8.67 mm, and 8.33 mm. While the positive control measurement of 25 μg amoxicillin against S. aureus is 28.67 mm and the measurement of 10% negative DMSO control does not produce inhibitory zones, so it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of mekai leaves has antibacterial activity, but the area of inhibition zone produced is smaller than amoxicillin 25 µg. The results of statistical tests using Mann Whitney between negative controls with all EPC concentrations obtained significant differences with p values <0.05, it can be concluded that there is antibacterial activity produced at all EPC concentrations.

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AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL BIJI KAPULAGA JAWA (Amomum compactum Soland. ex Maton) TERHADAP Streptococcus pyogenes

EKOLOGIA ◽

10.33751/ekologia.v20i1.1985 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 31-39

Author(s):

Oom Komala ◽

. Ismanto ◽

Muhammad Alan Maulana

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Natural Treatment ◽

Amomum Compactum

Streptococcus pyogenes is one of the pathogenic bacteria that causes pharyngitis. Natural treatment to overcome these problems is to use cardamom seeds. The purpose of this study was to test the antibacterial activity, determine the concentration of inhibitory zone and phytochemical compounds from ethanol 96% extract of Java cardamom seeds (Amomum compactum Soland. Ex Maton) against Streptococcus pyogenes. The method is used solid dilution and paper disc diffusion method. The solid dilution method is used for the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test with a concentration of 1.25%, 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% while the paper diffusion method is used for the Inhibition zone Diameter (IZD) using five treatments namely three concentrations of ethanol 96% extract of Java cardamom seeds (7.5%, 10% and 12%), one positive control of amoxicillin 0.01 mg/mL and one negative control of sterile distilled water. IZD data were analyzed using ANOVA with a confidence level of 95% and α = 0.05 and Duncan's further tests to determine differences between treatments. The results showed that the MIC was at a concentration of 7.5% while for the IZD test which had the highest activity there was a concentration of 12% with an average inhibition diameter of 12.03 ± 0.14 mm. In addition, ethanol 96% extract of Java cardamom seeds contain alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and tannins which function in antibacterial activity.

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UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL RIMPANG KUNYIT (Curcuma longa L.) TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus DAN Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pharma Xplore : Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi ◽

10.36805/farmasi.v4i1.618 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 278-287

Author(s):

Lia Fikayuniar ◽

Neni Sri Gunarti ◽

Mellya Apriliani

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Curcuma Longa ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Negative Control ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Paper Disk

ABSTRAK Kunyit (Curcuma longa L.) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman obat yang termasuk dalam keluarga Zingiberaceae. Senyawa aktif yang terkandung dalam rimpang kunyit (Curcuma longa L.) mampu bekerja sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak etanol rimpang kunyit (Curcuma longa L.) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan cara refluks menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan menggunakan metode difusi paper disk dengan masing-masing konsentrasi ekstrak 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% b/v. Kontrol positif yang digunakan adalah Ciprofloxacin sedangkan kontrol negatif yang digunakan adalah DMSO. Hasil skrining fitokimia ekstrak etanol rimpang kunyit mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, fenol, tanin dan terpenoid. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ekstrak etanol rimpang kunyit dapat menghambat bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa pada konsentrasi 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% dan konsentrasi 40% merupakan konsentrasi yang memberikan diameter zona hambat terbesar terhadap kedua bakteri uji yaitu 8,63 mm dan 7,8 mm. Kata Kunci : aktivitas antibakteri, Curcuma longa L., Staphylococcus aureus, ABSTRACT Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is one type of medicinal plant that belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. The active compounds contained in the Curcuma longa L. rhizome can work as antibacterial. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of Curcuma longa L. Antibacterial activity testing was carried out using the paper disk diffusion method with each extract concentration of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%. The positive control used was Ciprofloxacin while the negative control used was DMSO. The results of phytochemical screening of the ethanol extract of Curcuma longa L. rhizome contain alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins and terpenoids. Based on the results of the study, the ethanol extract of turmeric rhizome can inhibit Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria at concentrations of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 40% concentrations which give the largest inhibition zone diameter of the two test bacteria which is 8.63 mm and 7.8 mm. Keywords: antibacterial activity, Curcuma longa L., Staphylococcus aureus,

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Antibacterial activities of combination of ethanol extract of Delima fruit (Punica granatum L.) and Sereh stem (Cymbopogon citratus) on Staphylococcus aureus

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20195442 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

pp. 5037

Author(s):

Melia Pebrina ◽

Indah Komala Sari ◽

Eliza Arman ◽

Honesty Diana Morika

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Punica Granatum ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Pomegranate Peel Extract

ABSTRACT Background: Pomegranates contain chemical saponins and flavonoids while lemongrass stems have flavonoid chemical compounds. Substances that can inhibit the linking of bacteria are saponins and flavonoids. The most common microorganism found in ulcus diabetikum (ulcer diabetes) is Staphylococcus aureus. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of a combination of pomegranate ethanol extract and ethanol extract of lemongrass stems against S. aureus bacteria.Methods: This study used an experimental design with a complete randomized design study divided into 5 groups: groups 1 (75:25), 2 (50:50), 3 (25:75), positive control (tetracycline) and negative control. Manufacture of pomegranate peel extract and lemongrass stems was done by maceration method for further rotary, after the extract was obtained tested for antibacterial activity by diffusion method using a cylinder. With the test used analysis of variance one way.Results: The results of this study showed that the combination of pomegranate ethanol extract and citronella stem ethanol extract showed activity against S. aureus with a ratio of 15 ul:5 ul, 15 ul:15 ul, 5 ul:15 ul with inhibitory diameter of respectively 13 mm, 11 mm, 8 mm. Whereas for positive control with chloramphenicol, the inhibition area is 9 mm.Conclusions: Statistically the combination of pomegranate ethanol extract and lemongrass stems has antibacterial power which uses p=0.005 and p<0.05. The combination of pomegranate ethanol extract and lemongrass stems has very strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus due to inhibition zones of 10-20 mm.

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AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK DAN FRAKSI KARANG LUNAK Sinularia SP. DI TELUK MANADO

PHARMACON ◽

10.35799/pha.8.2019.29244 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 114

Author(s):

Lyone Katiandagho ◽

Defny S Wewengkang ◽

Sri Sudewi

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Soft Coral ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Chloroform Fraction ◽

Water Fraction

ABSTRACT Soft Coral Sinularia sp.has been shown to have antibacterial activity. This research aims to determine the antibacterial activity of marine organisms obtained from Manado bay. The method in this study is the diffusion method with positive control chloramphenicol and negative control of methanol in Escerichia coli and Sthaphylococcus aureus. The result showed that extracts, chloroform fraction and methanol-water fraction were obtained inhibiting category of Sthapylococcus aureus bacteria, but in the chloroform fraction and ethanol extract can inhibit Escerichia coli bacteria categorized as strong. With it can be conlueded that the extract and fraction of soft Sinularia sp. have bioactive compounds with a broth spectrum of antibacterial activity.Keywords: Sinularia sp., Chloramphenicol, Escerichia coli, Sthaphylococcus aureus, and antibacterial. ABSTRAK Karang lunak Sinularia sp. telah terbukti memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri pada organisme biota laut yang diperoleh dari teluk Manado. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah metode difusi agar dengan kontrol positif kloramfenikol dan kontrol negatit metanol pada Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak, fraksi kloroform, dan fraksi metanol-air dapat menghambat bakteri Staphylococcus aereus dikategorikan sedang, namun pada fraksi kloroform dan ekstrak etanol dapat menghambat bakteri Escerichia coli dikategorikan kuat. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak dan fraksi karang lunak Sinularia sp.memiliki senyawa bioaktif dengan spektrum yang luas terhadap aktivitas antibakteri.Kata kunci: Sinularia sp, Kloramfenikol, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, dan antibakteri

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UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN BAWANG DAYAK (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Propionibacterium acne

Jurnal Insan Farmasi Indonesia ◽

10.36387/jifi.v3i2.584 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 261-270

Author(s):

Eka Kumalasari ◽

◽

aina aina ◽

noverda ayu checaria ◽

noor aisyah

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Antibacterial Compounds ◽

Propionibacterium Acne ◽

Facial Changes

Acne that appears can cause facial changes, in the form of swelling, redness, purulence and causing pain so that it will create an impression that is less attractive in appearance and affects one's beauty. One of the causes of acne is Propionibacterium acne. Dayak onion leaves are one of the plant that contain antibacterial compounds. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of onion leaves on the growth of Propionibacterium acne.The antibacterial activity of this plant needs to be reviewed through with extract group with various concentrations, positive control group (clindamycin 0.1%) and negative control group (Aquadest). The results showed that the ethanol extract of dayak onion leaves had antibacterial activity against the growth of Propionibacterium acne. The diameter of the inhibition zone formed at concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% respectively 7.25 mm (medium), 10.43 mm (strong), 15.23 mm (strong), 18, 55 mm (strong) and 22.20 mm (very strong).

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Antibacterial Activity of Cold Powder Preparation of (Ethanol Extract) Starfruit Leaf (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.) Against Propionibacterium acnes

JURNAL PEMBELAJARAN DAN BIOLOGI NUKLEUS ◽

10.36987/jpbn.v6i2.1677 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 120-128

Author(s):

Helen Anjelina Simanjuntak ◽

Kasta Gurning ◽

Verawati Br. Sinaga

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Medicinal Plant ◽

Research Method ◽

Propionibacterium Acnes ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Powder Preparation

Acne is a skin disease that occurs due to chronic trade that is triggered by the bacterium Propionibacterium acnes. Starfruit leaf (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.) as a traditional medicinal plant which has antibacterial activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity from ethanol extract in the preparations cold powder of starfruit leaf (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.) againts Propionibacterium acnes. The research method was carried out experimentally, and testing for antibacterial activity was carried out using agar diffusion methods. Cold powder formulation such as F1 (5%), F2 (10%), F3 (15%), F4 (20%), positive control with clindamycin, negative control with distilled water. The results showed that the F3 (15%) and F4 (20%) formulations were more effective in inhibiting the growth of Propionibacterium acnes bacteria with inhibition zone diameters of 13.66 mm and 15.16 mm in the strong category

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SKRINING FITOKIMIA DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN RACUN AYAM (Brucea javanica [L.] Merr.) ASAL KALIMANTAN SELATAN

Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina (JIIS): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan ◽

10.36387/jiis.v6i1.607 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 59-68

Author(s):

Sutomo Sutomo ◽

◽

Arnida Arnida ◽

Fahriah Fahriah

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Negative Control ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Inhibition Zone Diameter ◽

E Coli ◽

Zone Diameter ◽

Brucea Javanica

Racun ayam is one of the plants which has several activities in its fruits, one of which is an antibacterial. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of racun ayam leaves. The extraction was done by maceration method using ethanol as a solvent. Antibacterial activity assay was carried out on S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa bacteria by disk diffusion method at the concentrations of 80, 100, and 120 ppm. The results showed that the ethanol extract of B. javanica leaves had the greatest inhibition zone on E. coli with inhibition zone diameter values â€‹â€‹at 80, 100, and 120 ppm were 11.7 mm, 14.5 mm and 19.67 mm respectively. Inhibition zones in S. aureus could only be seen at 100 and 120 ppm which had inhibition zone diameters at 1.17 mm and 2.17 mm respectively, whereas in P. aeruginosa they did not have any inhibitory zone values. The results of statistical analysis showed a significance of the inhibition zone diameter values â€‹â€‹of E. coli bacteria starting at 80 ppm with a sig value of 0.034. Due to a sig value was <0.05, it was categorized as significantly different from the negative control. The bacteria of S. aureus which had â€‹â€‹<0.05 for sig values only found on 100 ppm and 120 ppm. Bacteria P. aeruginosa which had sig value >0.05 was not significantly different at all concentrations

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GEL ANTI JERAWAT EKSTRAK DAUN BUTA-BUTA (Excoecaria agallocha L.) DAN PENGUJIAN ANTIBAKTERI Staphylococcus epidermidis

Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) ◽

10.22487/j24428744.2015.v1.i2.6215 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 65-72

Author(s):

Ika Olivia Borman ◽

Yusriadi Yusriadi ◽

Evi Sulastri

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Positive Control ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Activity Data ◽

Excoecaria Agallocha ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Stability

Buta-Buta (Excoecaria agallocha L.) leaf is a type of mangrove plants that has antibacterial activity againtsbacteriacausing acne, Staphylococcus epidermidis,. This study aims to formulate buta-buta leaf extract with the concentration of 12.5 % into anti-acne gel using two gels, namely HPMC 8% (Formula 1) and Carbopol 940 2%(Formula 2). Antibacterial activity test was carried out by agar diffusion method using well. The stability and antibacterial activity data during 28 days were analyzed statistically using unpaired t-student with a degree of confidence of 95% (α = 0.05). The evaluation results of anti-acne gel form of buta-buta leaf extract in Formula 2 showedbetter characteristics than Formula 1, which include organoleptic examination, homogenity, pH and viscosity during 28 days. The antibacterial test showed the diameter of inhibition zone of Formula 2 is 11.03 mm ±0,01. The statistic analysis showed a significant difference between Formula 2 with a positive control (klindamisin gel).

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Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Gamal (Gliricidia sepium) pada Berbagai Konsentrasi terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Streptococcus mutans secara In-Vitro

Jurnal Kesehatan ◽

10.26630/jk.v9i3.967 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 336

Author(s):

Ni Luh Budi Artaningsih ◽

Nur Habibah ◽

Mastra Nyoman

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Gliricidia Sepium ◽

Disk Diffusion ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Growth Inhibition Zone

Streptococcus mutans is a positive gram bacteria which cause dental caries. From the several previous studies, Gamal leaf has been predicted as the antibacterial agent because of their active substance such as tannins, alkaloids, saponins, and flavonoids. The objective of the study was to know the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of Gamal leaf (Gliricidia sepium) for Streptococcus mutans in various concentrations. This study was a true experimental with post-test only control design. The determination of antibacterial activity in this study was conducted by using Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method with the various concentrations, there were 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80%. The positive and negative controls in this study were 30 µg disk diffusion of chloramphenicol and the 96% of ethanol. The average inhibition of zone diameter in the concentrations of 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80% were 11.3, 12.3, 13.4, 15.3 and 19.2 mm, respectively. One Way ANOVA statistical analysis showed that the value of p was 0.000, so there was a difference of growth inhibition zone of Streptococcus mutans in various concentrations of ethanol extract of Gamal leaf (Gliricidia sepium). Based on the result, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of Gamal leaf (Gliricidia sepium) have strong antibacterial activity, especially to Streptococcus mutans bacteria.

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