scholarly journals Problems and prospective ways to increase the volume of export of scientific services by Ukraine in the conditions of European integration

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-239
Author(s):  
Ya. Petrova ◽  
◽  
Andrii Zaverbnyj ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Total Export ◽  
G7 Countries ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
A Chain

The interpretation of the concept of "knowledge-intensive services" by domestic and foreign specialists is considered. The content of the category has been clarified. Data on exports of knowledge-intensive services in Ukraine and the G7 countries in recent years have been studied. The analysis and comparison of structural shares of knowledge-intensive services in the total export of the country is carried out. Data on the number of employees in the field of knowledge-intensive services were studied. The result of the analysis was the formation of ways to increase ukrainian export of knowledge-intensive services. An appropriate analysis of data related to the export of knowledge-intensive services allowed us to assess the prospects for increasing exports and possible ways to achieve this. Finding ways to increase exports is vital for countries with troubled economies, such as Ukraine. Since the predominance of imports over exports has been observed for many years and is a constant trend, namely the value of the balance of payments is negative, we need to focus on exports of goods and services, in the production of which Ukraine has absolute advantages. One of such services is knowledge-intensive services. Their significant share in the structure of total exports, as well as the level of employment in the field of knowledge-intensive services, indicate that the prospects for growth in exports of science-intensive services to Ukraine are quite real and desirable. It is important to understand that this will improve not only the financial part, but also others. Due to the increase in exports of knowledge-intensive services, employment may increase, as this will require more specialists. To do this, future professionals need to obtain the appropriate level of education in this area. That is, by increasing one indicator, you can create a chain effect that will improve the overall situation.

THE POTENTIAL OF CUSTOMS PAYMENTS IN THE MODERN REALITIES OF TRADE RELATIONS WITH THE EAEU AND EU COUNTRIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-156
Author(s):  
I. A. ZHURAVLEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
The State ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Important Regulator

Customs payments are an important regulator of the country's economic presence in foreign economic relations and trade relations. Customs receipts serve as a landmark indicator that provides the revenue side of the budget in its significant income, and also determine the place of the state in the system of the interna-tional division of labor and its corresponding place in the value chain. Customs duties (CD) act as a kind of regulator of the amount of goods imported into the territory of the state, taking into account the state and conditions of the domestic market and the country's balance of payments. The positive financial and economic multifactorial nature of CD is manifested in stimulating the optimization of the structure of imports of goods and services, and in addition, it can act as a tool to protect domestic producers from external competitors, and strengthen the state's trade balance.

scholarly journals Economic determination of Serbian foreign policy: The crucial importance of European integration for economy of Serbia

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-27
Author(s):  
Goran Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Eu Enlargement ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Strategic Partner ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Public Administration Reform ◽  
Foreign And Security Policy ◽  
Commission Staff Working Document ◽  
The Eu

The most important part of the economic cooperation between Serbia and the EU, in addition to the inflow of foreign direct investments, loans, remittances (and donations), which predominantly come from the EU countries, is the exchange of goods and services. From 2000 there has been significant growth of trade between Serbia and the EU; merchandise exports and imports increased at double-digit rates over the past 16 and half years. In the same period, the share of EU in Serbian trade has not significantly changed, except for the effects of the three EU enlargement (2004, 2007, 2013), and is almost two-thirds. Having in mind that the countries of CEFTA, excluding Moldova, is likely to join the EU in the next decade, it is clear that the importance of trade with the EU would increase, at least nominally. In the last European Commission staff working document (2016) for Serbia is emphasized that the new government programme included Serbia's EU accession as a priority goal. Besides that, Serbia is only moderately prepared in the area of public administration reform. According to this report, Serbia will need to align its foreign and security policy progressively with the European Union's common foreign and security policy in the period up to accession. The EU is a key strategic partner of Serbia because of its huge global economic, technological and political significance. The EU is not just a very important partner, it is, in a way, a reference point for Serbia, as the modernization of the country, which is a natural priority for Serbian elites, is virtually inseparable from European integration and full membership in the EU.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECOLOGICAL BUSINESS IN UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
Iryna Skorokhod ◽  
Lyudmyla Hrynchuk
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
The State ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Status ◽  
Factors Of Influence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development ◽  
The Eu

Introduction. The article deals the impact of European integration on the development of ecological business in Ukraine. The Association of Ukraine and the EU implies adaptation and reforms not only in economy, but also in others areas, including ecology. The factors of influence and their consequences on the development of environmental business in the state are investigated. The main obstacles for using the experience of the EU countries are highlighted. Prospects of further using of "green enterprise" methods in Ukraine are considered. Purpose. The aim of the article is to reveal the essence, forms, stages of formation and innovative forms of the ecological business; to analyze the experience of ecological business and its regulation in the EU countries; to characterize the status and the impact of European integration on ecological business in Ukraine. Method (methodology). Methods of analogy and comparison are used in the study of problematic aspects of Ukraine and the EU in the field of ecology. Statistical methods are used for analyzing the dynamics of indicators of the development of ecological business in the state. Systematic approach is used for explaining strategic guidelines and identifying further promising ways for the development of ecological business in Ukraine. Results. The main aspects of cooperation between Ukraine and the EU have been analyzed. The main directions of further development of common cooperation have been singled out. The proposals of improving the position of Ukrainian eco-goods and services on the European market have been substantiated.

scholarly journals International Trade and Economic Misery in African Countries with Low Human Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 212-243
Author(s):  
Uchechukwu C. Nwogwugwu ◽  
Collins C. Umeghalu
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Total Export ◽  
Manufacture Export ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
Per Capita

Puzzled by the demeaning level of poverty most African countries continue to grapple with despite their extensive participation in international trade, the study attempts to examine the encumbrances that tend to impede African countries from optimally reaping the developmental gains inherent in partaking in international trade, which seems to also worsen the economic misery the inhabitants endlessly contend with. The System Generalized Method of Moments (System-GMM) estimation technique was used in the study which involves 17 African countries and spans from 1995 - 2018. While misery index is used to measure economic misery, the impact of international trade on economic misery is captured by means of its effect via economic misery, economic growth rate, balance of payment, total export, manufacture export and exchange rate. The results of the study reveal that balance of payments, total export, manufacture export, per capita GDP growth rate, exchange rate and lagged form of economic misery all have positive effect on economic misery. While the effects of total export, manufacture export, per capita GDP growth rate, and exchange rate on economic misery are significant, those of balance of payments and lagged form of economic misery are insignificant. While the study recommends that international trade be engaged strategically such that it results in favourable balance of payments, it also encourages the discarding of obsolete trade policies such as outright bans on importation of certain commodities. Bilateral trade agreements are recommended over multilateral trade agreements, since they are more mutually beneficial and binding on the parties involved

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF BALANCE OF PAYMENTS OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Tyshchenko ◽  
Olena Tyshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Current Account ◽  
The State ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Current Account Surplus ◽  
Foreign Economic Policy ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Financial Account ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Current Account

The article highlights the features of the formation and assessment of the balance of payments in Ukraine. The balance of payments of Ukraine is a functional macroeconomic model that reflects all transactions that are carried out between the subjects of the national economy and the subjects of the economies of other countries of the world. This model allows you to develop and implement a sound foreign economic policy of Ukraine, analyze the state of commodity and financial markets, conduct scientific research of economic processes in the state, etc. Ukraine is actively implementing the methodology of balance of payments formation according to the recommendations of the International Monetary Fund. Ukraine's balance of payments by main components is grouped into two accounts: "capital and financial transactions" and "current transactions": capital transactions cover all transactions related to the receipt or payment of capital transfers and the acquisition or sale of property rights and non-financial assets; current transactions include all transactions between residents and non-residents on real values, as well as transactions on the free provision or receipt of valuables for current use. Like any other "balance of payments" consists of receipts and payments. It is active (surplus) when revenues are greater than payments and passive (deficit) when payments are greater than revenues. Based on the assessment of the balance of payments of Ukraine for 2020, certain conclusions can be drawn: stable external demand for food softened the drop in exports of goods from Ukraine during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the increase in prices contributed to its growth at the end of 2020; despite a slight recovery in domestic demand in the IV quarters of 2020, imports of goods to Ukraine by the results of 2020 decreased significantly; the current account surplus in Ukraine in 2020 was provided by a significant positive balance of trade in services and a record surplus of the primary income account; capital outflow from Ukraine on the financial account stopped at the end of 2020 due to the optimism of investors; despite the crisis and significant payments on external debt, Ukraine's gross reserves increased in 2020, and the financial crisis once again confirmed the importance of both international support and a balanced macroeconomic policy. The current account surplus in Ukraine in 2020 reached one of the largest levels in the history of Ukraine, it was formed due to a significant decrease in imports of goods and services, a reduction in payments on primary income and the relative stability of exports of goods and remittances. The article proposes recommendations for improving approaches to the formation of the balance of payments in Ukraine using certain methods when regulating the balance of payments of the state.

Key Factors of Dynamic SMEs in Colombia Using GEM Data

2020 ◽  
pp. 152-171
Author(s):  
León Darío Parra Bernal ◽  
Milenka Linneth Argote Cusi
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Business Training ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
The Public ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
Gem Data ◽  
Knowledge Intensive Entrepreneurship ◽  
Policy Discussion ◽  
Binomial Logistic Model

This chapter contributes to the public policy discussion about the key factors related with dynamic SMEs in Colombia. Authors analyze the case of Colombia through a quantitative approach with a binomial logistic model to estimate the level of association between selected independent variables and dynamic SMEs in the country using GEM data 2017. One of the most important outcomes was that the export activity as well as the level of education of entrepreneurs and previous business experience increase the propensity of Dynamic SMEs in the country. In contrast, variables such as seed capital at the beginning of business and business training did not show a significant relationship with Dynamic SMEs for this case. Notwithstanding the prosperity entrepreneurship ecosystem in Colombia, only 3% of entrepreneurs and their companies are classified as dynamic by authors' model, and there are still great challenges to changes in public policy toward knowledge-intensive entrepreneurship.

Swedish employers

1978 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
TOM GORE
Keyword(s):  
Poor Country ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
75Th Birthday ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Sound System ◽  
Industrial Economy ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Past

The Swedish Employers' Federation (SAF), which reached its 75th birthday in September 1977, today operates in a highly developed economy. In 1902 Sweden was relatively a poor country, where 55 per cent of the working population was employed in agriculture and forestry, and only 27 per cent in industry and mining. Today, six per cent of the working population is concerned with agriculture and forestry, whilst industry, mining and construction account for 36 per cent. And there are 30 per cent in public administration and other services and fifteen per cent in trade. The rise of this industrial economy in some seventy years has been achieved largely by private enterprise and initiative, inventive genius, the development of foreign trade, and a sound system of industrial relations. Some forty per cent of the industrial production is exported which is equivalent to twenty‐four per cent of the total production of goods and services measured in monetary terms. The recent devaluation of the Krona has been designed to boost exports in order to overcome the balance of payments deficit which has increased considerably in the past year. Sweden, like Britain, has been affected by the slow economic recovery of Europe and other areas in the world.

Creating a Ten-Year Science and Innovation Framework for the UK

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-181
Author(s):  
Edward F. Crawley ◽  
Suzanne B. Greenwald
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge System ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Scientific Innovation ◽  
End Products ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
The Uk ◽  
High Level

The sustainability of a competitive, national economy depends largely on the ability of companies to deliver innovative knowledge-intensive goods and services to the market. These are the ultimate outputs of a scientific knowledge system. Ideas flow from the critical, identifiable phases of (a) the discovery, (b) the development, (c) the deployment and (d) the delivery of end products. In order to develop a successful ten-year strategic framework for investment in science and innovation, the UK government will need to prioritize and secure contributions to economic development and public service. One particular goal of the framework would be to identify the desirable attributes of a knowledge system that could achieve these ambitions. The Cambridge–MIT Institute (CMI) interviewed US stakeholders in science and innovation to gather insights on the UK's potential for long-term, scientific innovation, and the critical processes that fuel it. This paper reviews high-level observations, proposes a model for a scientific knowledge system and outlines its critical attributes.

scholarly journals Conceptual Principles of State Regulation of Industry on the Basis of New Industrial Policy

2021 ◽  
pp. 197-205
Author(s):  
Eduard SHCHEPANSKIY
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Full Range ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Knowledge Intensive

It is proved that for effective state regulation of industry it is necessary to pursue a clear, high-quality and purposeful state industrial policy. To do this, we should use the full range of available mechanisms and tools. In the course of the research it was established that industrial policy means a set of measures of state regulation of economic processes at the sectoral and corporate levels, aimed at stimulating innovation activity, structural adjustment of the economy and economic growth. The necessity of pursuing the new industrial policy, which can be defined as a policy of maintaining competitiveness, is substantiated. It is determined that the process of state regulation of industry is a set of actions of the state as an institution used to influence the activities of economic entities (enterprises, corporations, entrepreneurs, etc.), as well as certain aspects of this activity related to acquisition of factors of production, organization of production, distribution and sale of goods and services in all phases of the life cycle of the business entity and the life cycle of its products. State regulation based on industrial policy has both positive and critical statements, the essence of which depends on the subject under discussion, namely, policy as a set of state measures and policy as a means to achieve political goals. It is proposed to allocate a list of new conditions for the implementation of effective state regulation of industry on the basis of state industrial policy, which form the conceptual basis of the new industrial policy. The main (basic) characteristics of state regulation of industry on the basis of traditional and new industrial policy are given, where the scenarios of traditional (vertical) policy and new (horizontal) policy are based. Based on the analysis of the practice of state regulation of industry in the European Union, priority areas of regulation have been identified, namely: increasing competitiveness through the development of new markets; strengthening of innovative activity, development of knowledge-intensive businesses; accelerating the process of restructuring companies and industries; improving the institutional and legislative environment; protection of intellectual and property rights; improving the quality and skills of the workforce.

scholarly journals ANALISIS EFEKTIVITAS DAN EFISIENSI PENYERAPAN ANGGARAN PENDIDIKAN DAN KESEHATAN DALAM APBD KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR PADA PERIODE 2008-2012

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Murdani Murdani ◽  
Ade Suherlan
Keyword(s):  
Health Sector ◽  
Revision Process ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Internal Condition ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
Budget Execution ◽  
Absorption Level

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness and efficiency of budget absorption level of education and health in the Budget (budget) Aceh Besar district. The analytical method used is the ratio of the effectiveness and efficiency of revenue and expenditure. The results of this study indicate that the level of effectiveness of the education budget absorption is considered ineffective. Level of efficiency in the education budget is less efficient category. The level of effectiveness of health budgets on average less effective. The level of efficiency of the health budget shows less efficient and inefficient. Factors that influence the effectiveness and efficiency of the health sector budget realization that their force major (emergency), the internal condition of the Department of Health, the process of procurement of goods and services that are not timely and not within specifications, on corruption, budget execution document and revision process, an increase in the allocation of expenditure in the Department of Health in the event of changes in the budget, lack of coordination between planning and execution, lack of health budgetsDOI: 10.15408/sjie.v3i2.2057

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