scholarly journals PEMBERANTASAN KEJAHATAN TRANSNASIONAL PENYELUNDUPAN BENDA CAGAR BUDAYA MELALUI HUKUM NASIONAL DAN KERJA SAMA INTERNASIONAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aji Lukman Ibrahim ◽  
Rianda Dirkareshza

This research aims to know law enforcement against transnational criminals smuggling cultural heritage objects through national law and to know the efforts of the Indonesian government to return cultural heritage objects from any other country. This study uses normative legal research, data sources in the form of secondary data consisting of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. Data analysis is descriptive-analytical with the statutory approach and conceptual approach. The results showed that law enforcement against transnational criminals smuggling objects of cultural heritage both Indonesian and foreign citizens can be enforced using criminal provisions as regulated in Law Number 11 the Year 2010 concerning Cultural Heritage. This is based on the territorial principle and the passive national principle. The efforts of the Indonesian government to return cultural heritage objects from abroad can be done with diplomacy, Interpol cooperation, buy the Cultural Heritage objects from collectors, exhibitions with other countries and borrowing foreign museum collections for long term to complete the museum collections in Indonesia.

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 03018
Author(s):  
Aju Putrijanti

Law enforcement to protect the environment as lay in Act Number 32 Year 2009 of Protection and Management of Environment, can be make from administrative, penal and private law. Government that includes legislative, executive and judicative has role and responsibility to perform welfare for citizen. The administrative lawsuit goes to Administrative Court, follows the Act Number 5 Year 1986 of Administrative Court for procedural process. This research based on normative legal research, which is descriptive analysis. Also using conceptual and statute approach, and research data used are literature and secondary data. The good understanding of principle of good environment, become important for judge and government to do their duties to protect the environment. Judge has an important role in law enforcement due to protection of environment, by using judicial activism. Through judge’s verdict, judge has to conceive wisely the importance of environment and the principle of good environment governance. Government should be based on environment ethic as a guidance to make, prepare the regulations, permissions due to protection of environment. Antroposentris and biosentris approach might be used to prepare the green regulations and green permissions.


Author(s):  
Yulia S. Chechikova

Digitization of a national cultural and scientific heritage is one of the long-term strategic problems of the European countries’ governments. Member countries of the European Union make major efforts in providing access to their cultural heritage. In the article the process of an access provision is described for Finland.


2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-234
Author(s):  
Hutomo Putra

The struggling in the ethical issues of submerged underwater sites and underwater cultural heritage have been undertaking in Indonesia for the last two decades. During these 20 years, commercial companies in collaboration with the National Shipwreck Committee recovered and salvaged substantial numbers of material cargoes. Unfortunately, the majority of these operations occurred without the involvement of archaeologists and lack of proper and controlled archaeological methods and excavation techniques. Since 2010, the Indonesian Government has declared a moratorium that temporarily stopped all commercial survey and salvage activities, and prohibits the sale of the artefacts.  Nowadays, more than 190,000 artefacts raised by salvagers are currently stored at the National Shipwreck Committee warehouses near Jakarta, in Cileungsi, West Java, Indonesia. This study attempts to illustrate the disadvantages of the commercial salvage practices and the auction of salvaged artefacts. This research also discusses some recommendations to contribute to a more ethical system of protection and the long-term management of the Indonesian maritime cultural resources, including its existing collections from salvaged shipwreck sites that are stored at the National Shipwreck Committee warehouse today.


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-234
Author(s):  
Luthvi Febryka Nola

Article 31 paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) of the Indonesian Bankruptcy Law stipulate that all seizures that have been determined on the debtor's assets are null and void since the bankruptcy verdict is pronounced and since then the only validity is general seizure. However, in its practice various seizures are still stipulated on bankrupt assets ranging from civil, criminal and tax seizures. This paper discusses the forms of seizure in the bankruptcy process, the position of general seizure of other seizures in bankruptcy and the impact of the position of general seizure on debt payments to creditors. The research method used is normative legal research using secondary data collected through library studies and document studies. The various data were then analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. This writing found that there are rules in other laws such as Article 39 paragraph (2) KUHAP and Article 6 paragraph (1) Law No. 19 of 2000 that have ruled out the position of general seizure. The experts in each field of science also have different views regarding the position of general seizure. This condition has resulted in the emergence of friction between law enforcement, inconsistency of judges’ decisions, length of bankruptcy proceedings, injustice, unclear data on bankruptcy assets and reduced bankruptcy assets. Therefore, the understanding of law enforcement regarding legal principles, especially the principle of lex specialis derogate legi generalis, needs to be improved. The use of prejudgment seizure in the bankruptcy process must be socialized to maximize control over bankrupt assets. To avoid prolonged process of bankruptcy, the bankruptcy law should limit the time period for the settlement of assets to the curator.AbstrakPasal 31 ayat (1) dan ayat (2) UU Kepailitan mengatur bahwa segala sita yang telah ditetapkan atas harta kekayaan debitor menjadi hapus semenjak putusan pailit diucapkan dan semenjak itu satu-satunya yang berlaku adalah sita umum. Akan tetapi pada praktiknya berbagai sita tetap ditetapkan atas harta pailit mulai dari sita perdata, pidana dan pajak.  Tulisan ini membahas tentang bentuk-bentuk sita dalam proses kepailitan, kedudukan sita umum terhadap sita lainnya dalam kepailitan dan dampak dari kedudukan sita umum terhadap pembayaran utang kepada para kreditor. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder yang dikumpulkan melalui kegiatan studi perpustakaan maupun studi dokumen. Berbagai data tersebut kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif-kualitatif. Penulisan ini menemukan bahwa adanya aturan dalam UU lain seperti Pasal 39 ayat (2) KUHAP dan Pasal 6 ayat (1) UU No. 19 Tahun 2000 telah mengesampingkan kedudukan sita umum. Ahli masing-masing bidang ilmu juga memiliki pandangan yang berbeda terkait kedudukan sita umum.  Kondisi ini berdampak pada munculnya pergesekan antara penegak hukum, inkonsistensi putusan hakim, lamanya proses kepailitan, terjadi ketidakadilan, ketidakjelasan data harta pailit, berkurang bahkan hilangnya harta pailit. Oleh sebab itu, pemahaman penegak hukum tentang asas hukum terutama asas lex specialis derogate legi generalis perlu ditingkatkan. Penggunaan lembaga sita jaminan dalam proses kepailitan harus disosialisasikan untuk memaksimalkan penguasaan terhadap harta pailit. Supaya proses kepailitan tidak berlarut-larut, UU kepailitan harusnya membatasi jangka waktu penyelesaian aset kepada kurator.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 200-204
Author(s):  
Imanullah Moch Najib

The aims of this research were to examine the legal protection on the farmer rights in international trade under Indonesian law. The research was important to provide various alternative solutions over the problem of inabilities of farmer to be a subject of international trade and to review whether the Indonesian Government gave legal protection to farmer rights. It was an empirical legal research, which using primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected from the respondents and informants while the secondary ones were taken from primary and secondary legal materials. The validity of data used sources triangulation method while all of data were analysed by analysis of editing style through legal interpretation. The result showed that Indonesian Government through enactment of its legislation has not been providing the legal protection to the farmer rights in international trade optimally. Moreover, this study was expected to contribute in reforming over legislation that regulates the protection of farmer rights.


Lentera Hukum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Ayu Izza Elvany

This paper analyzes how formulation policy of lobster seeds smuggling regulated in Indonesian law to optimize the effectiveness of illegal fishing enforcement, considering penal policy is the basis of criminal law operationalization. This research uses both statute approach and conceptual approach as legal research methods to analyze the issued legal problem. Fishery law in Indonesia regulated in Law No. 45 of 2009 amending Law No. 31 of 2004 concerning Fishery, especially Articles 88 and 16 paragraph (1) which cover the formulation policy of lobster seeds smuggling enforcement. This study will be analyzed into three aspects which are the conduct (the criminal offense), criminal liability, and sentencing system. The result shows that law enforcement regarding the smuggling of lobster seeds in Indonesia is ineffective due to the nonexistence of corporate criminal liability in the fishery law and its sentencing system is lack of both the specific minimum penalty regulation and the penal measures as criminal punishment. However, the draft of the fishery law has already set corporate criminal liability; hence it also regulates the penal measures, in the form of secondary sanctions. Nevertheless, instead of enacting the specific minimum penalty, the draft only determined the maximum penalty as well. Keywords: Formulation Policy, Fishery Law, Lobster Seeds Smuggling.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-161
Author(s):  
Neny Zarniawati ◽  
Elektison Somi ◽  
Amancik Amancik

The researcher will discuss the Sub-Districts Head authority in evaluating Draft Regulation of the Village regarding Village Budget (APBDes) in Central Bengkulu Regency based on the Regent’s Regulation of Central Bengkulu Number 34 of 2018 regarding the Authority Delegation of the Regent to the Sub-District Head in evaluating Draft Regulation of the Village regarding Village Budget and Draft Regulation of the Village about Village Budget Amendment (p-APBDes). The purpose of this research was to find out and to analyze the authority of the Sub-District Head in terms of evaluating the Draft Regulation of the Village regarding APBDes in Central Bengkulu Regency based on the Regent’s Regulation of Central Bengkulu Number 34 of 2018 regarding the Authority Delegation of the Regent to the SubDistrict Head in evaluating Draft Regulation of the Village Regarding APBDes and Draft Regulation of the Village about p-APBDes. This research was normative legal research. Data sources used were primary and secondary data sources. In collecting the data, the researcher used the methods of library studies and field studies. After the research was conducted, it canbe concluded that the authority of the Sub-District Head in evaluating the Draft Regulation of the Village regarding APBDes and P-APBDes in Central Bengkulu Regency was carried out based on the regulation mandate that stipulated in Law No. 6 of 2014 about Village, Law No. 23 of 2014 about Local Government, Government Regulations No. 43 of 2014 about Regulations for Implementing Village Laws, Government Regulations No. 17 of 2018 about sub-districts, Regulation of Minister of Home Affairs No. 20 of 2018 about Village FinancialManagement and Regent’s Regulation of Central Bengkulu number 34 of 2018 regarding the Authority Delegation of the Regent to the Sub-District Head in evaluating Draft Regulation of the Village Regarding APBDes and Draft Regulation of the Village about p-APBDes.


Author(s):  
Ni Nyoman Budi Sentana

The local government of Bali Province issued a policy that was formulated in The Local Regulation of Bali Province Number 9 of 2009. In appendix of The Local Regulation Number 9 of 2009 is described a 12-year compulsory education. This study discusses the effectiveness of The Local Regulation of Bali Province Number 9 of 2009 related to the implementation of 12-years compulsory education in Bali Province and the factors that influence the effectiveness of the implementation of The Local Regulation Number 9 of 2009 related to the implementation of 12-years compulsory education in Bali Province. This research is empirical legal research. The nature of research is descriptive. The data in this study include primary data that was collected through interview techniques and secondary data that was collected through the study of literature. The research location is in Bali Province with sample in Denpasar and Bangli regency. The data collected was analyzed qualitatively and descriptively presented analytically. Effectiveness of The Local Regulation of Bali Province Number 9 of 2009 related to the implementation of 12-years compulsory education in Bali Province is not optimal in some areas. The factors that influence the effectiveness of the implementation of The Local Regulation Number 9 of 2009 related to the implementation of 12-years compulsory education in Bali Province are legal factors, law enforcement factor, means and facilities in law enforcement factor, community factors and cultural factors


2021 ◽  
pp. 1111
Author(s):  
Yuwono Prianto ◽  
Nabila Annisa Fuzain ◽  
Afif Farhan

Digital activity during the pandemic is increasing this is because people are asked to stay at home doing all activities online, this makes people vulnerable to becoming victims of cyber crime. Cybercrime itself is a cyber crime by using a computer or computer network as a tool, or as a target, as well as the location of the crime, the absence of space and time limits makes it easier for cyber criminals to carry out their actions in the cyber world. The author's purpose in conducting this analysis is to discuss what are the obstacles in handling cybercrime cases during the Covid-19 pandemic and how to enforce the law for cybercrime perpetrators. This article is the result of normative legal research that focuses on the use of secondary data. Cyber crimes need special attention from law enforcement, both national and international. The perpetrators of cybercrime have not been fully prosecuted due to the weakness of the cyber legislation system in Indonesia and the limited number of experts to handle this case. Cyber law has not been clearly spelled out in the regulations governing the technical implementation. The perpetrators of cyber crime come from various countries, limited human resources and infrastructure are the main obstacles. It requires a strong commitment from the leadership, law enforcement institutions to improve the quality and quantity of human resources as well as to prepare an adequate budget for the procurement of facilities and infrastructure as well as to establish cooperation with higher education to accelerate the handling of existing limitations. Aktivitas digital pada masa pandemi semakin meningkat hal ini disebabkan masyarakat diminta untuk tetap di rumah melakukan semua kegiatan dilakukan secara daring, hal ini membuat masyarakat rawan menjadi korban kejahatan cyber. Cybercrime sendiri adalah kejahatan dunia maya dengan menggunakan komputer atau jaringan komputer sebagai alat, atau sebagai sasaran, serta lokasi terjadinya kejahatan, tidak adanya batasan ruang dan waktu memudahkan penjahat cyber untuk melakukan aksinya di dunia cyber. Tujuan penulis melakukan analisis ini  adalah untuk membahas apa saja yang menjadi kendala dalam menangani kasus cybercrime di saat masa pandemi Covid-19 dan bagaimana penegakan hukum bagi para pelaku cybercrime. Artikel ini meruupakan hasil dari penilitian hukum normatif yang fokus pada penggunaan data sekunder. Kejahatan cyber  crime perlu mendapatkan perhatian khusus dari penegak hukum baik nasional maupun Internasional. Pelaku cybercrime belum seluruhnya dapat di proses hukum karena lemahnya sistem perundangan-undangan siber di Indonesia dan terbatasnya tenaga ahli yang dimilki untuk menangani kasus ini, Undang-Undang cyber belum dijabarkan dengan jelas didalam Peraturan yang mengatur mengenai teknis pelaksanaannya. Pelaku cyber crime berasal berbagai dari negara, terbatasnya SDM dan prsarana menjadi kendala utama. Diperlukan komitmen yang kuat dari pimpinan, Institusi penegak hukum untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitaf SDM serta penyiapan anggaran yang memadai untuk pengadaan sarana dan prasana serta menjalin kerjasama dengan pendidikan tinggi untuk mempercepat penanganan keterbatasan yang ada.


2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 502
Author(s):  
Vidya Prahassacitta

Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini, pertama: makna Pasal 2 ayat (1) dan Pasal 3 UU No. 31 Tahun 1999 pra dan pasca dikeluarkannya Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 25/PUU-XIV/2016. Kedua, penerapan Pasal 2 ayat (1) dan Pasal 3 UU No. 31 Tahun 1999 pra Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 25/PUU-XIV/2016. Ketiga, efek dikeluarkannya putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi tersebut dalam meminimalisir kriminalisasi perbuatan pegawai negeri sipil atau pejabat publik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif. Sebagai penelitian kualitatif maka data yang dipergunakan merupakan data sekunder yang terdiri dari data hukum primer, sekunder dan tertier yang diperoleh dari studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa putusan mahkamah konstitusi tersebut telah mengubah rumusan delik dari formil menjadi materiil yang menjadikan makna pasal tersebut semakin menjauh dari makna awalnya. Pada akhirnya, keluarnya putusan mahkamah konstitusi tersebut tidak dapat memecahkan permasalahan hukum yang telah ada sebelumnya bahkan putusan tersebut berpotensi menimbulkan permasalahan baru yang dapat menghambat proses penegakan hukum dalam pemberantasan tindak pidana korupsi di Indonesia.The problems on this research are, first: the meaning of Article 2 paragraph (1) and Article 3 UU No. 31 Year 1999 before and after Constitutional Court Decision Number 25/PUU-XIV/2016. Second, the application of Article 2 paragraph (1) and Article 3 UU No. 31 Year 1999 before Constitutional Court Decision Number 25/ PUU-XIV/2016. Third, the effects of Constitutional Court Decision in minimizing criminal actions conducted by civil servants and public officials. This research is a legal research using normative legal approach. As qualitative research, this research uses secondary data consist of primary, secondary, tertiary legal data collected from literature study. The results show that the constitutional court decision has changed the formulation of the offense from formal to material which makes the meaning of the article different from its original meaning. At last, the constitutional court deciasion could not solve the existing legal problem, but contrary it potentially creates a new problem which obstructs law enforcement process in combating corruption in Indonesia.


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