scholarly journals Kebutuhan Dasar Manusia dalam Perspektif Pendidikan Islam

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heru Juabdin Sada

Needs are something that is needed by humans to reach the level of well-being, so that if human needs are not met properly, then their human beings will not feel prosperous. It can be said that needs are something that must be there, because without that our lives become less prosperous or at least less prosperous. There are five basic human needs as stated by Abraham Maslow, the need for self-actualization, self-esteem needs, the need for love and the need for affection, the need for security and the need for comfort and need. In Islam, looking at the most basic human needs is an absolute obligation that must be lived and fulfilled among them needs: Dharuriyat Needs (i) the need to maintain religion: hold fast to religion, learn it, then preach it, stay away and warn of shirk and riya '; Combating apostates; Reminiscent of bid'ah actions and against ahlul bid'ah. (ii). self-care needs: in an emergency (forced), can eat any food for survival, even though only something that is available at the origin is available; Fulfill basic basic needs, such as food, drinks and clothing; (iii) moral requirements. (iv) guarding offspring; Prompts for marriage; witness in marriage; must maintain and provide for the child, the obligation to ensure children's education; Forbid marriage with adulterers; Forbid thalaq unless forced and forbid ikhtilâth. (v) safeguarding property: Islam requires Muslims to do charity and endeavor; Maintain property in their power; Islamic religion advocates for bershadaqah, justifying buying and selling and debts; Islamic religion forbids all forms of tyranny against other Muslim rights and property and must replace them; Obligation to safeguard property and not waste it.

Author(s):  
Adelaide Maria Bogo ◽  
Alan Christian Schmitt ◽  
Elisa Henning ◽  
Margarete L.A. Menegotto

Human's behavior is determined by variables that are commonly understood as needs and motives and, in general, it is motivated by a desire to achieve some goal. According to Maslow, these needs are construct on a hierarchy composed of five groups - physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem and self-actualization. In order to fulfill these needs, organizations have social behavior to address the issues of human beings, individually or collectively way. Therefore, identifying the types of actions performed and then analyzing them in the context of basic human needs, will allow us to understand isomorphic features in the social behavior of these organizations. In this sense, this study aims to analyze the social behavior of Brazilian organizations and the existence of isomorphism in these practices. The sample consists of companies listed on the ISE-BOVESPA stock market and the data were collect in the Sustainability Reports. The methodology utilize Content Analysis technique to define the categories and descriptive statistics to understand the isomorphic behavior. The findings indicate a concentration of actions on the need for ‘Safety’ and the existence of coercive and normative isomorphism in social activities for internal audiences and mimetic isomorphism in actions aimed at external audiences.


Author(s):  
Hidayatul Reza ◽  
Franky Liauw

The conflict between the two social understandings between individualism and collectivism does not need to be clashed, but instead it needs to be managed according to values, morals and ethics. So that it can become a social force for social life. In this issue, architects can play a role in cultivating a 'space' that is fit to the problem of individualism-collectivism. The research method used is a comparative and synergistic method. Literature in the form of journals and books on the phenomenon of individualism-collectivism is used as a reference and comparison. To be able to change a person's attitude, it is necessary to have an environmental role that creates events and events that occur repeatedly and continuously, gradually being absorbed into the individual and influencing the formation of an attitude. In order for this approach to be applied easily, this approach must be applied to basic human needs. In basic human needs there is a hierarchy of the most basic, namely physiological needs, the most basic needs to be fulfilled because they include things that are vital for survival, namely, clothing, food, and shelter. So in order to answer this issue, the vertical housing function is fixed. In addition, vertical housing is considered important because it responds to limited land and the increasing human population. Vertical housing with a collaborative space in grouped dwelling unit concept, because offers many possibilities, from people who live together sharing physical space to communities that share values, interests and philosophies of life. Grouping system is also be an important value and in community prefer to live in small community amount 4-10 members with various background. Consisted by good quality personal space and supporting facilities to develop self-potential as self-actualization. Keywords:  collaborative; collectivism; individualism; monodualism; self actualization Abstrak Konflik dua paham sosial antara individualisme dengan kolektivisme tidak perlu dibenturkan, tetapi justru perlu dikelola menurut nilai-nilai, moral, dan etika, sehingga dapat menjadi kekuatan sosial bagi kehidupan bermasyarakat. Dalam isu ini, arsitek dapat berperan dalam mengolah ‘ruang’ yang fit terhadap permasalahan individualisme-kolektivisme. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode komparatif dan sinergis. Literatur berupa jurnal dan buku tentang fenomena individualisme-kolektivisme, dijadikan sebagai acuan dan pembanding. Untuk dapat mengubah sikap seseorang diperlukan peran lingkungan untuk menciptakan kejadian-kejadian dan peristiwa-peristiwa yang terjadi berulang-ulang dan terus-menerus, lama-kelamaan secara bertahap diserap kedalam diri individu dan memengaruhi terbentuknya suatu sikap. Agar pendekatan ini dapat diterapkan dengan mudah maka pendekatan ini harus diterapkan pada kebutuhan dasar manusia. Pada kebutuhan dasar manusia terdapat hierarki yang paling dasar yaitu kebutuhan fisiologis (physiological needs), kebutuhan yang paling dasar untuk dipenuhi karena meliputi hal-hal yang vital bagi kelangsungan hidup yaitu, sandang, pangan, dan papan. Sehingga untuk menjawab isu ini, ditetapkan fungsi hunian vertikal. Selain itu, hunian vertikal dinilai penting karena untuk mejawab keterbatasan lahan dan semakin tingginya populasi manusia. Hunian vertikal dengan mengusung konsep ruang kolaboratif pada setiap unit hunian yang dikelompokkan, karena menawarkan banyak kemungkinan, mulai dari orang-orang yang tinggal bersama dengan berbagi ruang fisik hingga komunitas yang juga berbagi nilai, minat, dan filosofi hidup. Sistem pengelompokan penghuni juga menjadi nilai penting dan dalam komunitas lebih menyukai jumlah yang sedikit 4-10 orang dengan latar belakang yang berbeda. Ditunjang dengan kualitas ruang pribadi yang baik dan fasilitas penunjang yang dapat mengembangkan potensi sebagai bentuk aktualisai diri.


DEIKSIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Dewi Mutiara Indah Ayu

<p>The aim of the research is to find out how motivation is reflected by the main characters in the movie “42”, the effort that Jackie and Rickey make in order to fulfill the needs and to analyze the influence of personality on motivation of the main characters. The writer uses qualitative descriptive research in observing the motivation of the main characters of the Movie “42”. The writer limited the data which are classified them into different level needs based on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Need theory. However, the writer sees that the main characters had different level of needs structure as their salient. Such as : As for Jackie, the writer found that from 5 level of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs, there were 2 salient needs; the belongingness and love needs, and the self-esteem need. As for Rickey, there was just 1 need he had to fulfill; the self-actualization need. The writer also noticed the process to fulfill the needs from one level needs to the higher one was not always in a hundred percent to be fulfilled, otherwise the lower need could partly fulfilled so we could go to the higher one as motivation.  <br /> <br />Key words: Motivation, Personality, Racism, Hierarchy of Human Needs</p>


EDU-KATA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Nazilatul Masruroh

This research was conducted with the aim of describing the main character's personality in the novel "Genduk" by Sundari Mardjuki (Literature Psychology Study) by using Abraham Maslow's perspective. The data in this study are derived from the novel Genduk by Sundari Mardjuki, Cetakan November 2017, the publisher of PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, with a total of 232 pages. Data is collected by library method, see, record, and documentation. The findings of the study show that all the needs theory proposed by Abraham Maslow has been obtained by the main character. The five needs raised include physiological needs or basic needs, the need for security, needs to be owned and loved, the need for self-esteem, and the need for self-actualization. The results showed that the fulfillment of these five needs in the main character found a good personality development from the main characters, including sociability, compassion, helping, not being easily offended, never giving up in achieving desires, and wise in responding to conflicts or problems.


1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard C. Fluck

An examination of the relationship between human needs (above and beyond the basic physiological needs and concomitant consumption of resources) has re-emphasized the importance of control of human population in order to meet several other, also important, human needs. Development of human resources to their fullest potential requires utilization of additional resources beyond those necessary for the provision of basic physiological needs.A preliminary model of resource requirements to meet human needs suggests that resource requirements for meeting the human needs for safety are considerable, those for meeting the cognitive and esteem needs are moderate, while those for meeting belongingness and love, aesthetic, and self-actualization, needs are minimal. Both industrialized and non-industrialized societies can adequately meet basic human needs, but industrialized societies may the better meet some of the higher human needs.


2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marília De Sousa Leite ◽  
Lia Cardoso De Aguiar

Objetivo: conhecer os diagnósticos de enfermagem dos pacientes submetidos à colostomia. Metodologia: trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa, realizada nos meses de julho e agosto de 2015. A amostra foi constituída de 15 pacientes colostomizados de um hospital de referência oncológica do estado do Maranhão. Resultados: os diagnósticos de NANDA identificados e mais citados foram padrão de sono prejudicado, baixa autoestima situacional, negação ineficaz, motilidade gastrointestinal disfuncional e padrão de sexualidade ineficaz. Ainda foram identificadas necessidades humanas básicas através da teoria de Wanda Horta. Conclusão: sugere-se promoção de meios que favoreçam a prática do processo de enfermagem, visando uma assistência planejada com métodos que promovam a qualidade do serviço.Descritores: Diagnóstico de Enfermagem, Colostomia, Cuidados de Enfermagem.DIAGNOSIS IN NURSING PATIENTS SUBJECTED TO COLOSTOMYObjective: to know the diagnostic of nursing patients undergoing colostomy Methodology: it is a descriptive survey, quantitative approach conducted in July and August 2015, with 15 colostomy patients of a reference hospital on oncology in the state of Maranhao. Results: as for the diagnoses from NANDA, the most cited were disturbed pattern of sleep, low situational self-esteem, ineffective denial, dysfunctional gastrointestinal motility and ineffective pattern of sexuality. Yet they have identified basic human needs by Wanda Horta’s theory. Conclusion: it is indicated the development of methods that favor the practice of nursing process to a planned tour with methods that promote the quality of service.Descriptors: Nursing Diagnosis, Colostomy, Nursing care.DIAGNÓSTICOS DE ENFERMERÍA EN PACIENTES SOMETIDOS A LA COLOSTAMIAObjetivo: conocer los diagnósticos de enfermería de pacientes sometidos a colostomía. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo con un enfoque cuantitativo, llevado a cabo en julio y agosto de 2015, la muestra consistió en 15 pacientes de colostomía un hospital de referencia oncológica en el estado de Maranhao. Resultados: diagnósticos NANDA identificados y más citadas fueron el sueño perturbado estándar, baja autoestima situacional, la negación ineficaz, la motilidad gastrointestinal disfuncional y estándares de sexualidad ineficaces. Sin embargo, se han identificado las necesidades humanas básicas de la teoría de Wanda Horta. Conclusión: se sugiere medios de promoción que favorezcan la práctica del proceso de enfermería a un proyecto de gira con los métodos que promueven la calidad del servicio.nclusión: se sugiere medios de promoción que favorezcan la práctica del proceso de enfermería a la asistencia a los métodos y la calidad de servicio previstas.Descriptors: Diagnóstico de Enfermería, Colostomía, Los Cuidados de Enfermería.


2014 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Leah Wortham ◽  
Catherine Klein ◽  
Beryl Blaustone

<p>“There is a science to what we do”</p><p>This article takes its name from the keynote plenary that the authors presented at the 8th International Journal of Clinical Legal Education conference held at Northumbria University in July 2010 The presentation and this article link research on human motivation and well-being to the structure and methods of clinical legal education. The quote above is from a conference participant in response to a question that we posed to small groups at our plenary regarding how the concepts of autonomy support and mastery resonate with their experience in clinical education and legal education more generally.</p><p>Autonomy, mastery, and purpose are the “tripod of Type I behavior” formulated by Daniel H. Pink in his 2009 book, DRIVE: THE SURPRISING TRUTH ABOUT WHAT MOTIVATES US. Pink postulates “Type I” behavior as that driven by intrinsic, self-generated motivations as opposed to “Type X” behavior directed toward extrinsic factors outside the self such as imposed production quotas, bonuses, competitions to “best” others, or avoiding punishments.</p><p>Pink develops a computer-operating-system metaphor to advocate “Motivation 3.0” as an optimal organizing principle for 21st century business built on providing employees opportunities for autonomy, mastery, and purpose as opposed to an outmoded “Motivation 2.0,” which assumes a controlling work environment based on the premise that people respond best to carrots and sticks. Pink’s book cites examples of businesses structured to support autonomy, mastery, and purpose and describes their successes in enhanced creativity, innovation, retaining valued employees, and productivity. He contrasts such businesses with work places organized around specifically dictated job conditions and traditional structures where workers are subject to externally controlled rewards and punishments.</p><p>Pink provides an engaging, easily accessible entry to a body of social science literature on motivation, achievement, and feelings of well-being that also has been applied to legal education. This article seeks to provide user-friendly access to theory regarding the basic human needs for autonomy, mastery, and purpose as well as regarding intrinsic versus extrinsic motivation. The article provides examples of choices clinical teachers can make to promote student learning and feelings of well-being through methods supporting satisfaction of those basic human needs and encouraging students to find their self-driven motivations.</p><p>Part I describes the difference in extrinsic and intrinsic motivation and reviews the negative effects of business and educational models assuming extrinsic motivation to be most effective rather than seeking to stimulate intrinsic motivation. Part II describes the Carnegie Foundation’s Preparation for the Professions project’s call for law schools to focus on law students’ sense of identity and purpose as part of their professional education, as well as noting the similar goal that students learn “how to be” as articulated by the Tuning Project of the Bologna process regarding higher education in Europe. Part III provides basics on the theory of human needs for a sense of autonomy, mastery, and purpose on which the rest of the article is based. Part IV applies work contrasting autonomy-supportive teacher behaviors with controlling instructional behaviors to the clinical context. Part V of the article draws on cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and learning theory to suggest four methods useful for assisting novice law students on the steep road to mastery of lawyering competence within the time constraints of clinical programs and the professional demands of client service. Methods identified also contribute to satisfaction of students’ need for relatedness, which too often is undermined in other parts of law school. Part VI extends the discussion of clinics’ potential contribution to the need for relatedness and focuses on clinical education’s capacity to support development of students’ sense of how a career in law can contribute to their sense of life purpose in being part of something larger than themselves.</p><p>Many of this article’s applications of theory to clinical teaching are from the clinics in which students provide client representation or are engaged in transactional legal problem solving under faculty supervision, the type of clinics in which Professors Klein and Blaustone teach. We think, however, that clinical teachers will be able to see applications of the theory presented to the various types of clinical programs that exist around the world, e.g, street law programs in which students teach community members and externship programs in which students work under the supervision of a lawyer in an organization external to the law school. We hope, like Pink’s book, to offer an accessible gateway to a body of theoretical and empirical work that can help clinical teachers think critically and creatively about both their clinical program’s structure and their teaching and supervision. We hope to inspire teachers to think about ways they might apply this theory toward nurturing the type of life-long self-direction that motivates people to continually seek greater mastery and provides a sense of well-being both now and in the students’ future careers.</p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinara de Menezes Lisboa Freire ◽  
Renan Alves Silva ◽  
Geórgia Alcântara Alencar Melo ◽  
Letícia Lima Aguiar ◽  
Joselany Áfio Caetano ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the meaning and dimensionality of state of comfort from chronic hemodialysis patients’ perspectives. Method: this is a qualitative study conducted with 30 patients from a hemodialysis clinic from May to June 2018. A semi-structured interview with guiding questions was used. Data were analyzed according to Bardin’s content analysis method, supported by Kolcaba’s theoretical framework. Results: five subcategories for being and feeling comfortable emerged: psychological well-being; Silent environment; Good quality of care; No health changes; Reduction in the frequency/duration of hemodialysis. Regarding dimensionality to achieve comfort, there were three subcategories according to the adopted states. Regarding dimensionality, relief is achieved when a patient is disconnected from the machine, does not attend any session or does not present clinical manifestations of hemodialysis complications. In calm, visible discomforts are linked to change of routine, abandonment of work activities, financial difficulties and poor family support, and psychospiritual issues that weaken in their daily life, making them vulnerable to discomfort. In transcendence, absence of symptoms, attachment to religion, faith or spirituality and resilience to the new routine figured as indexes. States do not act individually, they are related to the experiences of contexts. Conclusion: comfort has meaning of relief from discomfort, state of having met basic human needs, mental and physical well-being, physical, mental and environmental comfort, and final state of nursing therapeutic actions, which permeate the contexts and states of relief, calm, and transcendence. These elements combine with each other to generate unique responses.


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Wahyuddin Kamal Noor ◽  
U'um Qomariyah

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan refleksi diri tokoh dalam novel Pesentren Impian karya Asma Nadia yang dikaitkan dengan motivasi diri serta pemenuhan hiarki kebutuhan Abraham Maslow. Metode yang dipakai adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa teks dalam novel Pesantren Impian karya Asma Nadia. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan membaca sumber data. Kemudian pengklasifikasian data, data dipisahkan berdasarkan permasalahan dan tujuan penelitian. Data yang sudah diinterpretasikan selanjutnya di eksplanasi dalam bentuk paparan bahasa sebagai suatu hasil sebuah analisis. Hasil dari peneitian ini adalah paparan mengenai pemenuhan hirarki kebutuhan tokoh, motivasi tokoh, dan karakteristik tokoh setelah merefleksi diri. Hierarki kebutuhan yang terpenuhi dalam novel Pesantren Impian karya Asma Nadia meliputi kebutuhan fisiologis, kebutuhan rasa aman, kebutuhan rasa dimiliki dan memiliki, kebutuhan harga diri dan aktualisasi diri. Sedangkan motivasi tokoh untuk merefleksi diri merupakan dorongan/keinginan tokoh untuk mendapatkan sesuatu, dalam hal ini adalah kehidupan yang lebih baik di masa mendatang. Tokoh yang merefleksi diri menunjukkan karakteristik yang berbeda-bedamulai dari perubahan penampilan sampai pada psikologis tokoh.   This study aims to describe the self-reflection of the character in the novel Pesentren Impian by Asma Nadia which is associated with self-motivation and the fulfillment of the needs of Abraham Maslow. The method used is descriptive qualitative. Data collected in the form of a text in the novel Pesantren Impian by Asma Nadia. Data collection is done by reading data sources. Then classifying the data, the data are separated based on problems and research objectives. The data that has been interpreted is then explained in the form of language exposure as a result of an analysis. The results of this research are exposure to the fulfillment of the hierarchy of character needs, character motivation, and character characteristics after self-reflection. The hierarchy of needs fulfilled in the novel Pesantren Impian by Asma Nadia includes physiological needs, security needs, sense of belonging and belonging, self-esteem needs and self-actualization. While the motivation of the character to reflect on himself is the drive / desire of the character to get something, in this case is a better life in the future. People who reflect themselves show different characteristics ranging from changes in appearance to psychological character.


Poverty is a dangerous social problem which puts man under trial dissuading him from his religion and compromising his dignity and character. It is a potential threat to the peace and stability of society. Islam has enjoined upon the state as well as community to share the responsibility of eliminating poverty from society. The Quran and the Sunnah identify the ways and means by which this responsibility should be carried out. The economic philosophy of Islamic aims, in the first place, to eliminate poverty by providing the basic human needs, narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor, and developing the resources of the earth for the welfare of human beings for whom every thing in heaven and earth is made subservient.within the boundaries of its economic philosophy. Islam has contrived many ways to care the problem of poverty. Some of these are responsibility of the Islamic welfare state, others are to be fulfilled by the society and some are shared obligation of both Islamic welfare state and society.


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