scholarly journals Social efficiency of employment in three sectors — a comparison of Polish regions

Equilibrium ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Cyrek
Keyword(s):  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Regional Economies ◽  
Social Efficiency ◽  
Sectoral Structure ◽  
Material Sources ◽  
The Social ◽  
Service Sectors

Research background: Regions that are able to use their resources in the most efficient way could be perceived as valuable benchmarks when shaping socio-economic policy. The concept of efficiency, however, may be related not only to pure economic categories but to social goals as well. The economic and social spheres overlap and often have some common origins, among which, the sectoral structure of employment seems to be an important one. Purpose of the article: The aim of the study was to compare the social efficiency of employment in three sectors in Polish voivodeships. Not only were we evaluating the relative performance of each region, but we were also paying attention to the efficiency of engagement of human resources in the agricultural, industrial and service sectors. Methods: We adopted the DEA method to assess the social efficiency of Polish regions. We have evaluated social cohesion concerning its two output dimensions: positive, which may be described by social activity, and negative, which may be reflected in the form of social exclusion stemming from material sources. We took into account the level of employment in agricultural, industrial and service sectors as inputs in the model and thus focused our attention on the three sectoral structure of the regional economies. Our model assumed non-radial developmental paths and was input oriented (NR-CCR). The data described the 16 Polish voivodeships in the year 2015, and were extracted from the Central Statistical Office of Poland’s databases. Findings & value added: The research conducted indicates that Polish regions which were the most efficient in terms of social integration were simultaneously those with the best economic results in terms of GDP per capita. The highest social efficiency level was characteristic for employment in the service sector, while agriculture was placed at the lowest level. The same pattern was revealed when social activity and the danger of poverty were considered separately. Thus, structural development appears to be favourable for regional economies also in terms of social cohesion, which is a factor often neglected in the literature.

Border Trade between Regions of Russia and Provinces of China

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 103-116
Author(s):  
Natalya S. Epifanova ◽  
Vladimir N. Akulinin
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Regional Economies ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Border Trade ◽  
Regions Of Russia

The purpose of this article is to study border trade in the regions of Russia and the provinces of China. It is shown that in recent years there have been negative trends in border trade, leading to its reduction. Therefore, Russian regions bordering with China should transform into separate objects of regional policy, while also forming a legislative framework for border interaction in all its main spheres: trade, humanitarian cooperation, science and education, and others. In border cooperation with China, special emphasis should be placed on cooperation in the innovation sphere, as well as on improving the quality of exported goods and services and promoting infrastructure projects. Border trade between the regions of Russia and China is built mainly on trade and export of labour resources from China to Russia, as well as China’s receipt of additional sales channels for the confidently growing sales markets for consumer goods and sources of raw materials and primary products. The interaction of Russian regions with neighbouring provinces on the border with China not only preserves the raw material orientation of these regions, but also hinders the development and strengthening of the manufacturing industry in the structure of their regional economies, since border interaction for Russian regions immobilizes those stages of value-added production observed in the very first stages. In general, for the Chinese provinces there is a similar problem associated with such exports to border regions that have common borders with Russia, which does not contribute to the diversification and structural development of the regional economies of the Chinese provinces. That is why building an effective mechanism for border interaction between Russia and China is a strategically important issue for both countries.

scholarly journals Neighbourhood open spaces for social cohesion

2020 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 06019
Author(s):  
Rukhsana Badar ◽  
Sarika Bahadure
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Unitary Theory ◽  
The Social ◽  
Neighbourhood Level ◽  
The City

The global cities of the world are witnessing a visible disconnection of everyday life. In India the Smart City guidelines acknowledge the need to counter the growing social detachment and intolerance by encouraging interactions. They go further in identifying that preserving and creating of open spaces must be a key feature of comprehensive urban development. Most social relations are cemented within open spaces at the neighbourhood level. Previous studies examine the association between the attributes of neighbourhood open spaces and social activity but neglect to view the issue comprehensively. The present study turns to Lefebvre’s Unitary Theory which states that open space is a result of three forces; 1) perceived space which is the physical dimension and material quality identifiable by the senses; 2) conceived space created by planners and other agents as plans and documents; and 3) lived space which is shaped by the values attached and images generated through user experience. For open space conducive to social interactions these three aspects must work in tandem. With this consideration a framework of criteria and indicators is developed and used to measure and compare the open spaces in select neighbourhoods in Europe and India. The investigation thus reveals differences in all three aspects of neighbourhood spaces. It also reveals a discrepancy between the planning standards formulated and employed by the city authorities in providing the spaces and the actual needs of the community. The research aims to address this gap. The study of the Indian cases lays foundation for the use of the framework to measure open spaces in association with social cohesion and thereby contribute to the enhancement of the social infrastructure of the City.

scholarly journals Unboxing the black box on the dimensions of social globalisation and the efficiency of microfinance institutions in Asia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-592
Author(s):  
Hafezali Iqbal Hussain ◽  
Katarzyna Szczepańska-Woszczyna ◽  
Fakarudin Kamarudin ◽  
Nazratul Aina Mohamad Anwar ◽  
Mohd Haizam Mohd Saudi
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Social Efficiency ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Scientific Practical

Research background: Microfinance institutions (MFIs) play an important role in alleviating poverty. Thus, MFIs should be efficient in order to ensure that their objectives on social welfare and financial performance can be achieved by identifying the potential determinants, specifically on social globalisation. Purpose of the article: This paper examines the impacts of the social globalisation dimensions of interpersonal, informational, and cultural globalisations on the financial and social efficiency of MFIs. Methods: The data period covered the years 2011?2018; the data set consists of 176 MFIs from six Asian countries. The Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach was employed to examine the MFIs? efficiency levels. Generalised Least Square (GLS) regressions were used to analyse the impacts of social globalisation and other determinants towards the efficiency of MFIs. Findings and value added: Interpersonal globalisation had a significantly negative correlation with social efficiency, suggesting that increasing the number of foreigners in management intrudes on local managers? decisions. Informational globalisation had a significantly positive correlation with financial and social efficiency, which signifies that more information produces monopolistic profits in this industry. Finally, cultural globalisation had a positive correlation with social efficiency, demonstrating that a global trading culture improves the abilities and technological skills for labour development and enhances MFIs? social efficiency. In general, the Cobb Douglas Production theory explained the understanding of the impacts social globalisation has on MFI efficiency. Furthermore, the findings from this study could provide important scientific, practical gap and contribute new insights and implications to various parties. Firstly, governments or policymakers can establish effective national policies and strategies. Secondly, this study could support investors in monitoring and understanding the performance of MFIs. Finally, the research could fill scholarly gaps and uncover more potential factors that influence the efficiency of MFIs.

scholarly journals Students' social activity development in educational social-animation space

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya Kirilenko ◽  
Yuliya Bessinger
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Nonparametric Test ◽  
Social Orientation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social

The article focuses on the social-animation space designing and functioning in the educational organization, which determines and actualizes the students' social activity in socially useful leisurely activities. The starting point is the understanding of social activity as actions aimed at changing and transforming social objects, and as a result, there is a change in the personality itself and the entire social situation. An algorithm for creating a social-animation space is presented, which includes the following stages. Stage 1: personal values actualization related to social activity among teachers-creators of the space; the axiological unity formation among them; Stage 2 – the socially useful leisurely activities organization of various types, in this organization process various types of pro-social orientation social activity are manifested and developed (altruistic, leisure, social-political, conventional, remonstrative, civil, Internet network, social and economic, educational and developmental, spiritual, subcultural, valeological and associated with the cultivation of the social values) to ensure the choice possibility based on the individual students' preferences; Stage 3: the transition of the teachers-organizers management in the social-animation educational space to co-management with students-activists and students' self-government. The functioning of the educational social-animation space is considered in the coordinate system: normative-regulatory, perspective-orienting, activity-stimulating, communicative-informational. The article drew attention to the peculiarities of social activity development among secondary vocational educational institution students, including those in rural areas. In an experimental study, the effectiveness of the cognitive, emotional-evaluative, motivational-volitional, behavioral, and reflexive structural development components of social activity in students of the experimental group was confirmed in comparison with the control group in the created and functioning social-animation educational space by statistical substantiation means of the presence and absence of significant differences using the nonparametric test for independent U-Mann-Whitney groups and for dependent groups by the T-Wilkoson test.

scholarly journals The Main Trends in the Development of Industry of the Republic of Buryatia at the Present Stage

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-252
Author(s):  
Наталья Полянская ◽  
Nataliya Polyanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Regional Economies ◽  
Institutional Conditions ◽  
Sectoral Structure ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Business Structures

Of all the types of economic activity, industry and agriculture are considered the backbone macro industries. As a result, the development of the national and regional economies depends on their state and dynamics. Domestic macroeconomic and political conditions are such that the priorities and development trends of the country's industry as a whole, as well as of individual Russian regions, are predetermined mainly by the interests of business structures, since it is through these resources that the majority of investment and innovation projects are realized. At the same time, it is the state that creates the institutional conditions and develops the industrial development strategy. The paper covers the main current trends in the development of the industry of the Republic of Buryatia. The study featured the sectoral structure of gross value added for 2014–2016 and the leading industries of the republic. The research also included the indices of industrial production in Russia and the regions of the Siberian Federal District for 2015-2017 followed by their comparative analysis. The analysis involved the volume and the sectoral structure of the shipped industrial goods, works, and services produced by the region’s own forces in 2017. The author suggests some directions of further development taking into account the current challenges.

ПСИХОЛОГІЧНИЙ СУПРОВІД СТАНОВЛЕННЯ УСПІШНОЇ ОСОБИСТОСТІ У ПРОФЕСІЙНОМУ СЕРЕДОВИЩІ В УМОВАХ СОЦІАЛЬНИХ ТА ОСВІТНІХ РЕФОРМ

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-226
Author(s):  
Олена Горова
Keyword(s):  
Social Activity ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Subjective Feeling ◽  
Support Worker ◽  
Gainful Employment ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Professional Success ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Favorable Conditions

Професійне   становлення   особистості   супроводжує   всі   етапи  соціально-вікового   розвитку  особистості.  Трудова  діяльність  є  основним  видом  суспільної  активності,  який  дозволяє  працівнику  задовольняти  основні  потреби,  особливо  у  процесі  постійних  соціальних,  освітніх  реформ.  Важливим  завданням психологічного супроводу працівника у процесі виконання професійної діяльності є забезпечення  сприятливих  умов  формування  професійно  важливих  якостей.  Соціальна  успішність  є  результатом  ефективного  розв’язання  виробничих  завдань, які  мають  суспільно корисну  важливість  та  пов’язані  з  потребами інших людей. Якісний прогресивний розвиток працівника можливий лише за умови збереження  стійкого  позитивного  ставлення  до  професії.  Позитивна  професійна  самоідентифікація  пов’язана  з  ототожненням  та  персоналізацією  працівником  особистісних  рис  працівників,  які  досягли  успіху  у  професії,  мають  суспільно  визнані  результати  діяльності.  Таким  чином,  професійна  успішність  як  суб’єктне  новоутворення  у  якості  відчуття  гордості  за  власні  результати  діяльності  забезпечує  реалізацію традиції наставництва і  передачі позитивного професійного досвіду.    Професійно  успішний  працівник  усвідомлює  необхідність  та  важливість  результатів  своєї  діяльності  для  інших,  що  вимагає,  відповідно,  від  соціального  середовища  усвідомлення  необхідності  визнання  результатів  діяльності  фахівців.  Знехтуваний  суспільством  працівник,  або  той,  результати  діяльності  якого  позиціонуються  як  меншовартісні,  дистанціюється  від  професії  та  має  негативний  потенціал розвитку. Professional formation of the person accompanies all phases of social and age of the individual. Gainful  employment is the main form of social activity that allows the employee to realize the basic needs. An important task  of psychological support worker in the course of professional activity is to provide favorable conditions for the  formation  of  professionally  important  qualities.  Professional  success  is  the  result  of  an  effective  solution  of  industrial jobs that are socially useful and important related to the needs of others. High-quality progressive  development of an employee is only possible while maintaining a stable positive attitude towards the profession.  Positive  professional  identity  associated  with  the  identification  and  personalization  of  employee  personality traits of employees who have been successful in the profession, who have publicly acknowledged  performance. Thus professional success as the subjective feeling of a lump in the pride of their own results of  operations  ensures  the  implementation  of  the  tradition  of  mentoring  and  of  positive  transfer  of  professional  experience.  Professionally successful employees aware of the need and the importance of the results of its operations  for the other, which requires, respectively, from the social environment - awareness of the need to recognize the  performance of specialists. Unclaimed society worker, or the results of operations, which are positioned as less  important, is moving away from the profession and has a negative potential. 

Snapshots of tellings in interactions between adults and children aged two, three and three and a half in an Australian context

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 119-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Filipi
Keyword(s):  
Social Activity ◽  
Second Child ◽  
Object A ◽  
Birthday Party ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
The Social ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Australian English

This paper examines how and by whom tellings with two young children are triggered at ages 23, 36 and 42 months. The data for the investigation is derived from a larger Australian English corpus of over 50 hours of interactions in the home, although one of the children is a bilingual Italian/ English-speaking child. The data is derived from two parent/child dyads, and in the case of the child aged 42 months, a triadic interaction between a mother, her own child and a second child. Using the micro-analytic methods of conversation analysis, the study analyses five samples of tellings. The first two describe how a child, Cassandra, aged 23 months, is invited to recount events of her day by her parents. The trigger for these tellings is the social activity of sharing everyday routine events. The next two samples focus on Rosie at 36 months who is also invited to share a telling by her parent about a birthday party celebration and one about a neighbourhood cat, Claude. The first telling is triggered by an object, a balloon from a birthday party from the day before, while the second is triggered by play involving the character of a cat, initially derived from a favourite story, Hairy Maclary. In the final sample, Cassandra, aged 42 months, initiates a telling about an experience at her grandmother’s which is trigged by a picture in a book. The analyses in each case reveal the interactional issues that arise in the action of telling and how these are dealt with by all participants. By focusing on the three ages, key features in the children’s participation in storytelling are uncovered.

THE VALUE CHAIN OF COMPETENCY MODEL FOR VIETNAMESE EDUCATIONAL MANAGERS IN THE INDUSTRY 4.0 REVOLUTION ERA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Thi My Hanh ◽  
Luis Alfaro ◽  
Tran Phuong Thao
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Comprehensive Development ◽  
Model Of Competency ◽  
Personal Competencies

This world is constantly changing and rapidly moving,-particular in the Industry 4.0 revolution, people must change to follow and keeping with this new trend. Education is the human foundation toward the “Truth - Good - Beautiful”, and comprehensive development of personal competencies as knowledge, skills and behaviors. A nation, such as Vietnam, if they want to integrate into global economy and affirming their position, they will need the “Talented - Virtuous” human resource who could meet the high demand of society. The purpose of this study was to propose a model of competency value chain at individual level for the educational managers, analyzing some factors of this value chain model and how to apply to Vietnamese education system in the fourth Industry era. The authors wanted to focus on the social value added that the educational managers’competency could bring as the result of this research.

The Service Sector in the Economy in Poland and European Union Countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-207
Author(s):  
Walentyna Kwiatkowska
Keyword(s):  
Service Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Service Sectors ◽  
Sector Theory ◽  
The Eu

The role of the service sector in the economy is increasing in the process of socio-economic development. This tendency has been confirmed and explained by the three-sector theory formulated by A.G.B. Fisher, C. Clark, and J. Fourastie. The main goal of the paper is to show development tendencies in service sectors in Poland and the EU countries and assess them in view of the three-sector theory. The share of the service sector in the total employment and in the total gross value added in the years 2005-2013/2014 will be analysed together with two sub-sectors including market and non-market services. The research shows that the share of the service sector in total employment and total gross value added has been recently increasing in Poland as well as in other EU countries, but there is a gap in this process between Poland and the most developed EU countries. Moreover, in Poland, the role of market services has been recently increasing much faster than the role of non-market services. 

Reflections on Lawrence Freedman’s ‘Deterrence’

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick M. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Social Relationship ◽  
International Security ◽  
First Century ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Social Strategy ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One

This chapter focuses on the social aspects of strategy, arguing for the importance of relationships in strategy and, in particular, in understanding of deterrence. Deterrence, in its essence, is predicated upon a social relationship – the one deterring and the one to be deterred. Alliance and cooperation are important in generating the means for actively managing international security. Following Freedman’s work on deterrence in the post-Cold War context, ever greater interaction and interdependence might instill a stronger sense of international community, in which more traditional and ‘relatively primitive’ notions of deterrence can be developed. However, this strategic aspiration relies on international, especially transatlantic, social cohesion, a property that weakened in the twenty-first century, triggering new threats from new kinds of opponent. The need for a sophisticated and social strategy for managing international security is made all the more necessary.

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