Antibacterial efficacy of Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn) flower extract against Streptococcus sanguis

Introduction: Rosella is well known as health drink that contains anti bacterial compounds. The purpose of this research is to examine the anti bacterial potential of rosella calyx ethanol extract towards Streptococcus sanguis. Methods: Streptococcus sanguis was obtained from students’ saliva in the clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran. It was cultured in blood agar and incubated for 18 to 24 hours at 37°C in a facultative anaerobic environment. Streptococcus sanguis was isolated based on the characteristics of the colonies formed, Gram staining, inulin and rafinose fermentation tests. The anti bacterial test was performed using agar diffusion method (Kirby Bauer Method) by making agar holes in the agar and filling them with rosella extract with concentrations at 0.20 g/ml, 0.10 g/ml, 0.05 g/ml and 0.025 g/ml. Results: The results of this research show that there was anti bacterial activity from the ethanol extract of rosella calyx with the inhibition zones of 19.85 mm, 12.05 mm, 8.45 mm and 3.65 mm under rosellas’s extract’s concentration of at 0.20 g/ml, 0.10 g/ml, 0.05 g/ml and 0.025 g/ml respectively. Conclusion: The conclusion of this research is rosella calyx ethanol extract has the greatest anti bacterial activity at concentration 0.20 g/ml.

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The Effect of Temperature and Heating Time of Roselle Extract (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L) Powder Solution on Growth Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923

Berkala Ilmiah Kimia Farmasi ◽

10.20473/bikfar.v8i2.31761 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 55

Author(s):

Hana Sofiana Maghfira ◽

Isnaeni Isnaeni ◽

Asri Darmawati

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Block Design ◽

Heating Time ◽

Bacterial Activity ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽

Control Block ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Inhibition Zones

The main ingredients of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) which have antioxidant and antibacterial effect were anthocyanins, and flavonoids. Flavonoid compounds were unstable at high temperatures. Meanwhile, the processing of roselle extract powder into ready-to drink or food preparations generally requires the thermal processes. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of temperature and heating time of roselle extract powder solution on the inhibition of microbial growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. The method of this study uses a ready-to- process roselle powder extract sample. The roselle extract powder solution in a screw cap tube was heated at a temperature of 40°C, 50°C, 60°C, 70°C, 80°C, and 90°C on a waterbath, with heating times at each temperature were 15 minutes and 30 minutes. Anti bacterial activity of the sample solution was measured based on the ability to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 by the agar-well diffusion method. The inhibition zone of the sample was measured by caliper. The result of this study showed that inhibition zones caused by the sample that had been heated at those temperature for 15 minutes were 9.55±0.70 mm, 9.53 ±0.04 mm, 9.70±0.14 mm, 9.68±0.24 mm, 10.10±0.14 mm, and 10.25±0.21 mm. Meanwhile, after heating for 30 minutes the inhibition zones were 10.08±0.25 mm, 10.20±0.28 mm, 10.43±0.18 mm, 10.08±0.18 mm, 10.78±0.04 mm, 9.70±0.14 mm. Two ways statistical test ANOVA Randomized Control Block Design with 95% confidence level was used to prove that there was a significant difference berween the mean inhibition zones of each sample. The conclution of this research was, the temperature in the range of 40 -90 oC has no effect on the anti-bacterial activity of the sample. However, the heating time of the sample affected the antibacterial activity of the roselle extract powder solution against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923.

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Uji Daya Hambat Formula Gel Ekstrak Etanol Daun Murbei (Morus alba L.) Sebagai Anti Acne Terhadap Bakteri Propionibacterium acne.

Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) ◽

10.22487/j24428744.2019.v5.i2.13663 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 206-213

Author(s):

Ahmad Irsyad Aliah ◽

Wahyuni Wahyuni ◽

Nurjannah Bachri

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Bacterial Activity ◽

Morus Alba ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Clear Zone ◽

Propionibacterium Acne ◽

Mulberry Leaf ◽

Mulberry Leaf Extract ◽

Agar Diffusion Method

A research on the inhibition of formula gel test ethanol extract of leaves of mulberry (Morus alba L.) as an anti-acne against bacteria Propionibacterium acne. This study uses a gel formulation made using mulberry leaf extract (Morus alba L.), which aims to determine the inhibition of antibacterial gel mulberry leaf extract (Morus alba L.) against the bacteria Propionibacterium acne. Gel made three dosage concentrations of 2%, 4% and 6%. Testing inhibition of antibacterial gel agar diffusion method. Test Antibacterial inhibition obtained by looking at the clear zone in the medium and measured using calipers. The results showed that the inhibition of antibacterial gel formulation with a concentration of 2%, 4% and 6% showing that inhibiting bacterial activity.

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FORMULASI DAN UJI EFEKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI SEDIAAN SABUN CAIR EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KERSEN (Muntingia Calabura L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphlococcous epidermidis

PHARMACON ◽

10.35799/pha.9.2020.27407 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 30

Author(s):

Freisy C.C Korompis ◽

Paulina V. Y. Yamlean ◽

Widya Astuty Lolo

Keyword(s):

Specific Gravity ◽

Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Bacterial Activity ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Test Results ◽

Alkali Content ◽

Liquid Soap ◽

Muntingia Calabura

ABSTRACT Cherry plants (Muntingia calabura L.) is a plant that has many properties in the treatment. One part of the plant that is widely used is the leaf which contain of flavonoid compounds, saponins and tannins contained in cherry leaves can inhibit bacterial activity. This study aims to formulate the liquid soap from ethanol extract of cherry leaves and test the antibacterial effectiveness of the liquid soap ethanol extract of cherry leaves with a concentration of 10%, 15% and 20% on the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. Liquid soap formulation of ethanol extract of cherry leaves with a concentration of 10%, 15% and 20% was conducted by laboratory experimental research. The results of testing the quality of liquid soap at a concentration of 10% meet the requirements according to the standards set by SNI namely organoleptic test, pH, high foam, moisture content, free alkali content, specific gravity. Concentrations of 15% and 20% did not meet the requirements for specific gravity testing. The test results of the antibacterial effectiveness of liquid soap ethanol extract of cherry leaves using the diffusion method with way of wells can inhibit the bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis at concentrations of 10%, 15%, and 20% which categorize as weak. Keywords: Kersen, Peel-off mask, Antibacterial, Staphlococcous epidermidis ABSTRAK Tanaman Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) merupakan tanaman yang memiliki banyak khasiat dalam pengobatan. Salah satu bagian tanaman yang banyak digunakan ialah bagian daun yang mengandung senyawa flavonoid, saponin dan tannin yang terdapat pada daun kersen mampu menghambat aktivitas bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasi sediaan sabun cair ekstrak etanol daun kersen dan menguji efektivitas antibakteri sediaan sabun cair ekstrak etanol daun kersen dengan konsentrasi 10%, 15% dan 20% terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus Epidermidis. Formulasi sabun cair ekstrak etanol daun kersen dengan konsentrasi 10%, 15% dan 20% dilakukan penelitian dengan metode eksperimental laboratorium. Hasil pengujian mutu sabun cair pada konsentrasi 10% memenuhi persyaratan sesuai standar yang ditetapkan SNI yaitu uji organoleptik, pH, tinggi busa, kadar air, kadar alkali bebas, bobot jenis. Konsentrasi 15% dan 20% tidak memenuhi persyaratan pada pengujian bobot jenis. Hasil uji efektivitas antibakteri sabun cair ekstrak etanol daun kersen menggunakan metode difusi agar dengan cara sumuran dapat menghambat bakteri Staphylococcus Epidermidis pada konsentrasi 10%, 15%, dan 20% yang termasuk dalam kategori lemah. Kata kunci : Kersen, Masker peel-off, Antibakteri, Staphlococcous epidermidis

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Rosella Flower Dyes as A Substitute for Fuchsin

Jurnal TEMAPELA ◽

10.25077/temapela.3.1.25-28.2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 25-28

Author(s):

Sundari Sundari

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Natural Dyes ◽

Synthetic Dyes ◽

Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽

In Vitro Method ◽

Flower Extract ◽

Gram Staining ◽

Degree Of Stability ◽

Bacterial Preparations

Along with the needs of quality preparations, of course the ingredients needed must be good, except the coloring preparations. Dyes that are widely used in practical activities are synthetic dyes. However, natural dyes from plants are preferred due to the efficiency in their use while working with the same function. Natural dyes are safer to use even though the degree of stability to heat, light and acidity is uncertain. The purpose of this study was to determine if rosella flower extract (Hibiscus sabdariffa) could be used as a substitute for fuchsin in Gram staining. This research was conducted by the experiments with laboratory scale using in vitro method. The results of the study concluded that rosella flower extract could not be used as natural dye for bacterial staining particularly for Staphylococcus aureus and E.coli bacterial preparations.

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Anti-lipolytic activity and phytochemical screening ofChelianthesalbomarginataagainst pathogenic microorganisms

IIUM Engineering Journal ◽

10.31436/iiumej.v18i2.819 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 56-62

Author(s):

Rini Jarial

Keyword(s):

Lipolytic Activity ◽

Cholesterol Oxidase ◽

Bacterial Activity ◽

The Body ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Oxidase Inhibition ◽

Therapeutic Properties ◽

Inhibition Zones

ABSTRACT:The aim of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic properties of selected fern, Chelianthusalbomarginataand to identify its functional compounds. The methanolic fern-extract (MFE) of these ferns was assessed for anti-bacterial activities by measuring inhibition zones against a panel of pathogenic bacterial strains using agar diffusion method. MFE at a concentration of 25 Î¼g/ml showed marked anti-bacterial activity against all bacterial strains (6-23mm zone of inhibition) and was maximum against Enterobacter sp (23 mm). In addition, the MFE of C. albomarginatahad the best MIC values of 2.25Âµg/ml against S. aureus and Enterobacter sp., respectively. The MFE also possessed good anti-lipolytic activity (66.5%) against a porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) and cholesterol oxidase inhibition (79%). This result showed that MFE of C. albomarginataunder optimal concentrationis not only a potent source of natural anti-oxidants and anti-bacterial activity but also possesses efficient cholesterol degradation and anti-lipolytic activities, that is to be beneficial in the body weight management.

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Test Antimicrobial of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Ethanol Extract againts Porphyromonasgingivalis and Streptococcus sanguis using Agar Method (In Vitro study)

Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science ◽

10.22208/jdmfs.1.2.2016.280-286 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 280

Author(s):

Lenni Indriani ◽

Mochamad Dharmautama

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Extract ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Streptococcus Sanguis ◽

Zones Of Inhibition

The use of natural materials in the world of health tends to increase every single year, including in dentistry. Due to the increased of resistance to antibiotics, the development and new innovations to obtain a new antimicrobial agent. Some potential sources of plants have been studied. One of the natural plants is used as drinks, food, medicine and antimicrobial agent is Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn commonly known as Roselle. Several major Gram-negative bacteria are related to periodontal disease such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.gingivalis), The dominant species of Gram-positive including Streptococcus sanguis (S.sanguis). The purpose of this in vitro study is to evaluate the Roselle ethanol extract against P.gingivalis bacteria (Gram negative bacteria) and S. sanguis (Gram positive bacteria) with a concentration of 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%. The in vitro study of antibacterial effectiveness of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) ethanol extract on P.gingivalis and S. sanguis. Natrium Agar (NA) solution was poured into a glass plate which had previously been sterilized and then left in place until the medium solidified. P.gingivalis and S.sanguis bacterial cultures were inoculated with inscribed which had solidified. Then put paper disk which had previously been saturated with Roselle extract samples with a concentration of 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%, and the negative control at the surface of the medium (Ampicillin) and incubated for 1 day. Clear zone is formed then observed and measured. There are 24 samples, consisting of 12 samples P.gingivalis and S.sanguis 12 samples, given intervention roselle flower extract with four types of concentrations to determine the minimum inhibitory consentration (MIC). The observations show that the extensive zone of inhibition concentration of 2.5% a broad zone of inhibition is the smallest among other concentration, both of S.sanguins and P.gingivalis. Meanwhile, the average increases the broad zones of inhibition of P.gingivalis followed by increasing concentrations of roselle flower extract, making it the largest broad zones of inhibition are shown at a concentration of 10%, However, the bacteria S.sanguins, shows that vast zone of greatest inhibition was found at a concentration of 7.5%. The results of this research showed that the ethanol extract of roselle effectively inhibits P. gingivalis as Gram-positive bacteria atconcentrations of 10% and S. sanguins at a concentration of 7.5%. Iit can be concluded that the ethanol extract of roselle flowers effective at inhibiting Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria.

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Phytoconstituent Analysis and Antibacterial Potential of Epicarp Extracts from Mature Fruits of Persea americana Mill

Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences ◽

10.21705/mcbs.v4i2.133 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 94

Author(s):

Cyuzuzo Callixte ◽

Dusabimana Jean Damascene ◽

Anwar Ma'aruf ◽

Yoes Prijatna Dachlan ◽

Anggraini Dwi Sensusiati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Chloroform Extract ◽

Persea Americana ◽

World Health ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Inhibition Zones ◽

Health Organization ◽

Antibacterial Potential

Background: World Health Organization (WHO) has reported the antimicrobial resistance as one among the ten threats to global health in 2019. The development of plant-derived antibiotics is currently considered as a modern medicine’s greatest success. Persea americana is a plant with high medicinal profile which allow its different parts to be used for therapeutic purposes. This study is aimed to determine the antibacterial potential of ethanol and chloroform extracts from epicarp of mature fruits of P. americana Mill against human pathogens.Materials and Methods: The epicarps of avocado were dried in oven and ground into powder using porcelain mortar and pestle. The powdered plant materials were extracted with both 96% ethanol and chloroform. Extracts were qualitatively screened to examine their bioactive contents and agar well diffusion method was used to analyze the antibacterial activity of extracts against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.Results: Both solvents showed the ability to dissolve the secondary metabolites from avocado epicarps. Phytochemical screening disclosed the presence of alkaloids, proteins, terpenoids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids and phenolic compounds in ethanolic extracts and absence of flavonoids and tannins in chloroform extracts. The extracts showed the inhibition zones ranging from 14±4.5 mm to 26±2.1 mm while streptomycin demonstrated high inhibition zones ranging from 20±3.1 mm to 30 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of extracts fall in the range of 0.3125 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL while the MIC values for streptomycin vary from 0.25 mg/mL to 1.25 mg/mL.Conclusion: The ethanol and chloroform extracts proved to be potentially effective and to be used as natural alternative preventives to fight against various disease-causing bacteria.Keywords: antibacterial activity, ethanol extract, chloroform extract, Persea americana, Rwanda

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The Effect of Ethanol Extracted of Balsamina (Impatiens balsamina Linn) leaf on the Growth of Candida albicans In Vitro

Jurnal Medika Veterinaria ◽

10.21157/j.med.vet..v8i2.3351 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Nadia Naitullah ◽

Faisal Jamin ◽

Frengki Frengki ◽

Maryulia Dewi

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Disc Diffusion Method ◽

Impatiens Balsamina ◽

Inhibition Zones

This research aimed to determine the effect of ethanol extract of Impatiens balsamina Linn leaves on the growth of Candida albicans in vitro. One kilogram of Impatiens balsamina leaves which grows in Aceh was used. The leaves were washed, dried and blended into powder. The powder was then extracted with ethanol, filtrated, and evaporated. The crude extract was then made into serial concentration of 100, 75, 50, and 25%. The test of the effect of giving ethanol extract in Impatiens balsamina Linn is determined by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results showed that inhibition zones for 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% were 0.0, 8.66±1.53, 11.66±1.55, 13.66±1.52, and 6±5.29 consecutively. It can be concluded that the ethanol extract of Impatiens balsamina Linn leaves± inhibit the growth of Candida albicans.Key words: Candida albicans, balsamina leaf, Impatiens balsamina Linn, extract

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Anti-bacterial activity of Rosela Flower Extract (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) against Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Eschericia coli

Berkala Ilmiah Kimia Farmasi ◽

10.20473/bikfar.v8i1.31204 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Muhammad Mu’amar Fathoni ◽

Isnaeni Isnaeni ◽

Asri Darmawati

Keyword(s):

Inhibition Zone ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Potency Ratio ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

Flower Extract ◽

Extended Spectrum

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) contains cyanidin-3-rutinoside, delphinidin, delphinidin-3-monoglucoside, cyanidin-3-monoglucoside, cyanidin-3-sambubioside, cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside may inhibit the growth of Extended-Spectrum-Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Escherichia coli, but there is no research reported the determination of MIC of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) extract powder against ESBL E.coli ATCC 6110 and ATCC 5949 and their potency ratio compared to meropenem. This study aimed to determine the MIC of Roselle flower extract powder on the growth of ESBL E. coli ATCC 6110 and ATCC 5949 and determine the potency ratio compared to meropenem. This study used two methods in determining MIC, namely the agar diffusion method and the dilution method with Nutrient Agar media which was incubated at 37 ±1°C for 24 hours, while the determination of the potency ratio was carried out by diffusion method with the same media which was incubated at 37 ±1°C for 24 hours. The results obtained were diameter of inhibition zone (mm) which were then observed and analyzed to calculate the potency ratio. The results showed that the MIC of Roselle flower extract powder was obtained at a concentration of 12,500 ppm by diffusion method and at a concentration of 3,125 ppm by dilution method with 24 hours incubation at 37 ± 1o C and the potency ratio of Roselle flower extract powder compared to meropenem was 89.7% and 97.97% against ESBL E.coli ATCC 6110 and ESBL E.coli ATCC 5949 respectively.

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THE ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF ROSELLE (Hibiscus sabdariffa) EXTRACT AGAINST Staphylococcus epidermidis IN VITRO

Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease ◽

10.20473/ijtid.v6i4.3757 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 88

Author(s):

Terrence Timothy Evan Lusida ◽

Bambang Hermanto ◽

Sudarno Sudarno

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Growth ◽

Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽

Antibacterial Effect ◽

Growth Control ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Potential Candidate ◽

Hibiscus Sabdariffa

Infection of Staphylococcus epidermidis is still a common problem in many hospitals. Factor determining biofilm formation makes it harder for atibiotics to cure the infection. Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa), a well known traditional medicine plant, is a potential candidate as a drug againts infectious disease. The purpose of this research is to investigate the antibacterial effect of ethanol extract from Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) calyx againts the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Assessment for antibacterial effect is performed using broth diffusion method. The extract is made by maceration of the calyx of Roselle in 96% ethanol. Extracts with concentration of 125, 62.5, 31.25, 15.63, 7.81, 3.90, 1.95, 0.97, 0.48, 0.24 mg/mL are added into separated Mueller-Hinton broths (MHB), which have already been inoculated by Staphylococcus epidermidis. As for bacterial growth control, we used MHB with bacterial inoculation, while sterility control we used mixture of extract and MHB. Then from each broth, the solutions are added into separated nutrition agar plates. Replications are done three times. Clarity and bacterial growth are observed after 24 hours of incubation. However, clarity cannot be observed in 36 broth, but bacterial growth is observed on the plate for concentration 0.97, 0.48, and 0.24 mg/mL. Therefore Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) cannot be determined because the extract’s color interfere the observation. While minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), the last concentration before the concentration where the bacteria are still viable, is 1.95 mg/mL. Based on the result of the research, the Roselle calyx ethanol extract (Hibiscus sabdariffa) through dilution method with a concentration of 1.95 mg / mL can kill Staphylococcus epidermidis and in order to find MIC in collored and turbid solution (before being incubated in incubator), we can consider using agar dilution methode or microdilution methode.

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