scholarly journals Anti-bacterial activity of Rosela Flower Extract (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) against Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Eschericia coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mu’amar Fathoni ◽  
Isnaeni Isnaeni ◽  
Asri Darmawati
Keyword(s):  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Potency Ratio ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Flower Extract ◽  
Extended Spectrum

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) contains cyanidin-3-rutinoside, delphinidin, delphinidin-3-monoglucoside, cyanidin-3-monoglucoside, cyanidin-3-sambubioside, cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside may inhibit the growth of Extended-Spectrum-Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Escherichia coli, but there is no research reported the determination of MIC of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) extract powder against ESBL E.coli ATCC 6110 and ATCC 5949 and their potency ratio compared to meropenem. This study aimed to determine the MIC of Roselle flower extract powder on the growth of ESBL E. coli ATCC 6110 and ATCC 5949 and determine the potency ratio compared to meropenem. This study used two methods in determining MIC, namely the agar diffusion method and the dilution method with Nutrient Agar media which was incubated at 37 ±1°C for 24 hours, while the determination of the potency ratio was carried out by diffusion method with the same media which was incubated at 37 ±1°C for 24 hours. The results obtained were diameter of inhibition zone (mm) which were then observed and analyzed to calculate the potency ratio. The results showed that the MIC of Roselle flower extract powder was obtained at a concentration of 12,500 ppm by diffusion method and at a concentration of 3,125 ppm by dilution method with 24 hours incubation at 37 ± 1o C and the potency ratio of Roselle flower extract powder compared to meropenem was 89.7% and 97.97% against ESBL E.coli ATCC 6110 and ESBL E.coli ATCC 5949 respectively.

scholarly journals YOUNG AGE CHILDREN WITH INTESTINE DYSBIOSIS AS CARRIERS OF ENTEROAGGREGATIVE ESCHERICHIA COLI

2017 ◽  
pp. 54-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Makarova ◽  
L. V. Suzhaeva ◽  
L. A. Kaftyreva
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Diarrhea Syndrome

Aim. Study the prevalence of diarrhea-genic E. coli of the enteroaggregative group in children with intestine dysbiosis. Materials and methods. PCR method was used to study virulence factors in 511 strains of E. coli isolated during bacteriologic study of feces samples from 393 children aged less than 2 years. Sensitivity to antibiotics was determined by disc-diffusion method, results interpretation - according to clinical recommendations Determination of sensitivity of microorganisms to antimicrobial preparations, 2015. Results. 23 enteroaggregative E. coli strains were identified (EAggEC). All the strains had aaf gene coding aggregative-adhesion fimbriae and 4 other genes (aggR, ast, aap, aatA) in various combinations coding virulence factors EAggEC. 19 strains (87%) were not sensitive to antimicrobial preparations. Resistance to extended spectrum cephalosporins was determined by the production of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) of CTX-M genetic family and AmpC cephalosporinase. Conclusion. Results of the study have shown that 6% of children with intestine dysbiosis are EAggEC carriers, that gives evidence on the necessity of detection of EAggEC strains - a novel group of diarrhea-genic E. coli not only in patients with diarrhea syndrome, but also using intestine dysbiosis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of extended spectrum beta lactamase enzymes prevalence in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Ronak Bakhtiari ◽  
Jalil Fallah Mehrabadi ◽  
Hedroosha Molla Agamirzaei ◽  
Ailar Sabbaghi ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum

Resistance to b-lactam antibiotics by gramnegative bacteria, especially <em>Escherichia coli (E. coli)</em>, is a major public health issue worldwide. The predominant resistance mechanism in gram negative bacteria particularly <em>E. coli </em>is via the production of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBLs) enzymes. In recent years, the prevalence of b-lactamase producing organisms is increased and identification of these isolates by using disk diffusion method and no-one else is not satisfactory. So, this investigation focused on evaluating the prevalence of ESBL enzymes by disk diffusion method and confirmatory test (Combined Disk). Five hundred clinical samples were collected and 200 <em>E. coli </em>isolates were detected by standard biochemical tests. To performing initial screening of ESBLs was used from Disk diffusion method on <em>E. coli </em>isolates. A confirmation test (Combined Disk method) was performed on isolates of resistant to cephalosporin's indicators. Up to 70% isolates exhibited the Multi Drug Resistance phenotype. In Disk diffusion method, 128(64%) <em>E. coli </em>isolates which resistant to ceftazidime and cefotaxime while in Combined Disk, among 128 screened isolates, 115 (89.8%) isolates were detected as ESBLs producers. This survey indicate beta lactamase enzymes are playing a significant role in antibiotic resistance and correct detection of them in phenotypic test by using disk diffusion and combined Disk is essential for accurate recognition of ESBLs.

Prevalence and Antibiogram of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Gram-negative Bacteria Isolated from Septicemic Neonates in a Tertiary Care Hospital

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-175
Author(s):  
Tania Rahman ◽  
Momtaz Begum ◽  
Sharmeen Sultana ◽  
SM Shamsuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Esbl Producers

Background: In recent years, Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing microorganisms have complicated treatment of infections due to resistance of ESBL producing strains to a wide range of antimicrobials. Objective: Target of this study was to determine the prevalence of ESBL producing gramnegative bacteria in neonatal sepsis cases and to reveal the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of those isolated ESBL producers. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) over a period of 12 months from January to December in 2016. Following isolation and identification of gram-negative bacteria from blood samples of suspected septicemic neonates, antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by Kirby Bauer disk-diffusion method and ESBL producers were detected by Double Disk Synergy (DDS) test. Results: Among 52 Gram-negative bacteria isolated from 106 blood samples, 34.61% ESBL producers were detected and Enterobacter spp. (45%) was predominant followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (33.33%). None of the ESBL producers was resistant to colistin and tigecycline. All ESBL producing Acinetobacter baumannii, 77.78% and 66.67% of ESBL producing Enterobacter spp and Klebsiella spp. respectively showed resistance to meropenem. All ESBL producers were resistant to piperacillintazobactam. Conclusion: Appropriate measures should be taken to prevent the spread of ESBL producing strains by combining strategies for infection prevention, control and rational use of antibiotics. KYAMC Journal Vol. 11, No.-4, January 2021, Page 171-175

scholarly journals Presence of different beta-lactamase classes among clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa expressing AmpC beta-lactamase enzyme

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (04) ◽  
pp. 239-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supriya Upadhyay ◽  
Malay Ranjan Sen ◽  
Amitabha Bhattacharjee
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Enzyme Detection

Introduction: Infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa are difficult to treat as the majority of isolates exhibit varying degrees of beta-lactamase mediated resistance to most of the beta-lactam antibiotics. It is also not unusual to find a single isolate that expresses multiple β-lactamase enzymes, further complicating the treatment options. Thus the present study was designed to investigate the coexistence of different beta-lactamase enzymes in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. Methodology: A total of 202 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were tested for the presence of AmpC beta-lactamase, extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and metallo beta-lactamase (MBL) enzyme. Detection of AmpC beta-lactamase was performed by disk antagonism test and a modified three-dimensional method, whereas detection of ESBL was done by the combined disk diffusion method per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines and MBL were detected by the Imipenem EDTA disk potentiation test. Results: A total of 120 (59.4%) isolates were confirmed to be positive for AmpC beta-lactamase. Among them, 14 strains (7%) were inducible AmpC producers. Co-production of AmpC along with extended spectrum beta-lactamase and metallo beta-lactamase was reported in 3.3% and 46.6% isolates respectively. Conclusion: The study emphasizes the high prevalence of multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa producing beta-lactamase enzymes of diverse mechanisms. Thus proper antibiotic policy and measures to restrict the indiscriminative use of cephalosporins and carbapenems should be taken to minimize the emergence of this multiple beta-lactamase producing pathogens.

scholarly journals Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Production in Uropathogens Isolated from Hospitalized Patients with Chronic Pyelonephritis

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga I Chub ◽  
Aleksandr V Bilchenko ◽  
Igor Khalin
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Chronic Pyelonephritis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Tract Infections

Background : Increased multidrug resistance of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) compromises the efficacy of treatment of urinary tract infections. Objective : The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of ESBL-producing uropathogens from hospitalized patients with chronic pyelonephritis and to identify the presence of genes involved in the resistance. Methods : A cross-sectional study of 105 patients with chronic pyelonephritis, treated in Kharkiv City Clinical Emergency Hospital, Ukraine was carried. Bacterial isolates were collected, antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was determined by the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method and screening for the presence of blaSHV, blaTEM, blaCTX-M ESBL genes was performed by polymerase chain reaction. Results : 84 (80%) patients had positive urine cultures. Eschеrichia coli wаs the most common microorganism isolated. Among them, 29 (25.2%) were found to be ESBL producers. Out of 53 E. coli isolates, 10 (18.9%), 4 (7.5%) and 6 (11.3%) were identified to carry bla(TEM), bla(SHV) and bla(CTX-M) beta-lactamase genes, respectively. The highest resistance was observed against ampicillin (75.9%), ciprofloxacin (48.3%), levofloxacin (41.4%) and gentamicin (41.4%). Beside this, only meropenem (96.6% susceptibility), nitroxolinum (86.2%) and fosfomycin (72.4%) exhibited a good enough activity against ESBLs-producing urinary strains. Conclusion : Isоlation and detеction of ESBL-prоducing strаins are еssential fоr the sеlection оf the mоst effеctive antibiоtic for the empiric trеatment.

Prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolated From Clinical Samples in Illorin Metropolis, Kwara State Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Eze EM
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: This study investigated the prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing enterobacteriaceae in Illorin metropolis using standard methods. The prevalence of ESBLs is increasingly being reported worldwide, and it varies according to geographic location and is directly linked to the use and misuse of antibiotics extended spectrum lactamases (ESBLs) are a major challenge in hospitalized patients worldwide and cause epidemic outbreaks in health care facilities, spreading in the community leading to various infections. Objectives: Screen for the extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae and also determine the prevalence of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae in relation to gender, age and sample source. Methods: One hundred and sixty eight samples collected from routine clinical specimen such as high vagina swabs, urine, urethra swabs and wound swabs and sputum from October to December 2018 were studied. Fifty two enterobacteriaceae were isolated using spread plate method on macConkey and Cystein lactose electrolyte deficient media. The organisms were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp, Shigella sp, and Proteus sp. The isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing using modified Kirby-Bauer standardized disc diffusion method. The antibiotics used were ceftazidine (30ug), cefuroxime (30ug), gentamicin (10ug), ciprofloxacin (5ug), ofloxacin 5ug, amoxicillin/clavulanate 30ug, nitrofurantoin 30ug and ampicillin 10ug. Ceftazidime showed a susceptibility percentage of 84.6%,, cefuroxime 61.5%, gentamicin 71.2% ciprofloxacin 46.2%, ofloxacin 51.9%, augmentin 61.5%, nitrofurantoin 71.2% and ampicillin, 44.2% with a significant difference (P< 0.05).Extended spectrum beta-lactamase ESBL, production by clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) methods showed that 15(28.9%) of isolates belonging to the genera Escherichia, Klebsiella and Proteus expressed ESBL production. The order of ESBL production by the isolates were Escherichia coli 9 (17.3%), Klebsiella pneumonia 5(9.3%) and Proteus 1(1.9%). Thus, attention needs to be given by health care personnel’s to ESBL producing organisms in order to reduce the spread.

scholarly journals Faecal carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in healthy volunteers and hospitalized patients in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: prevalence, resistance profile, and associated risk factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
S. Soré ◽  
S. Sanou ◽  
Y. Sawadogo ◽  
S. Béogo ◽  
S.N.P. Dakouo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Faecal Carriage ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) are a serious challenge to patients’ treatment. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of ESBL-PE, investigate the associated resistance, and analyze the associated risk factors for acquisition of ESBL-PE.Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on healthy volunteers and inpatients. After obtaining informed consent, rectal swabs were collected from each participant for isolation of Enterobacteriaceae on Hektoen enteric agar containing 4µg/L cefotaxime. The Enterobacteriaceae isolates were identified using biochemical tests and ESBL production was confirmed by the double-disc synergy test of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. Antibiotic susceptibility test of each isolate was done by the disc diffusion method and interpreted using the recommendations of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) clinical  breakpoints version 5.0.Results: During the study period, prevalence of faecal ESBL-PE among the study participants was 54.5% (103/189); 53.5% among healthy volunteers and 55.7% among inpatients (p=0.87). The major ESBL-PE isolates was Escherichia coli (71%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (16%). The isolates in hospitalized patients were resistant to norfloxacin (84.2%), cotrimoxazole (89.5%), and gentamicin (7.0%). The isolates from healthy volunteers were resistant to norfloxacin (86.2%), cotrimoxazole (82.8%), and gentamicin (1.7%).Gender, age, and previous antibiotic use were not significantly associated with carriage of ESBL-PE (p=0.51).Conclusion: The high prevalence of ESBL-PE in this study is worrying. There is an urgent need to develop measures to monitor and limit the spread of these multidrug-resistant organisms in healthcare facilities and the community in Burkina Faso. Keywords: faecal carriage, ESBL-PE, healthy volunteers, inpatients, Burkina Faso

scholarly journals First Global Report of Plasmid-Mediated mcr-1 and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli from Sheep in Portugal

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1403
Author(s):  
Josman Dantas Palmeira ◽  
Marisa Haenni ◽  
Jean-Yves Madec ◽  
Helena Maria Neto Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
Extended Spectrum

Resistances to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) and colistin are One Health issues since genes encoding these resistances can be transmitted between all sectors of the One Health concept, i.e., human, animal, and the environment. Among food-producing animals, sheep farming has long been overlooked. To fill in this knowledge gap, we looked for ESC- and colistin resistance in 21 faecal samples collected from sheep in one farm in the south of Portugal. ESC-resistant isolates were selected on MacConkey agar plates supplemented with cefotaxime. Susceptibility testing was performed by the disk-diffusion method according to CLSI, while colistin MIC was determined by broth microdilution. ESC- and colistin-resistance genes were identified by PCR, and the clonality of all isolates was assessed by XbaI-PFGE. The replicon content was determined by PCR according to the PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT) scheme. Sixty-two non-duplicate ESC-resistant E. coli isolates were identified, which all presented an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype, mostly due to the presence of CTX-M genes. One CTX-M-1-producing E. coli was concomitantly colistin-resistant and presented the plasmid-mediated mcr-1 gene. Nearly all isolates showed associated resistances to non-beta-lactam antibiotics, which could act as co-selectors, even in the absence of beta-lactam use. The results showed a high proportion of ESBL-producing E. coli in sheep faeces. Their dissemination was very dynamic, with the spread of successful clones between animals, but also a large diversity of clones and plasmids, sometimes residing in the same animal. This study highlights the need for global surveillance in all food-producing sectors, in order to avoid the dissemination of genes conferring resistance to last-resort antibiotics in human medicine.

scholarly journals Beta Lactamase Genes of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli from Anorectal Sepsis Cases in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Sheikh Shahidul Islam ◽  
Md Abdul Malek ◽  
AKM Fazlul Haque ◽  
Kaisar Ali Talukder ◽  
Marufa Zerin Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum

A microbiological study was carried out to determine the prevalence of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli in anorectal sepsis patients in Bangladesh. One hundred specimens of pus, swab, or exudates from anorectal sepsis cases were studied. All the 61 isolates of E. coli were found to be highly resistant to most of the drugs used. Among these, 14 multidrug resistant E. coli were examined for ESBL production by double disc diffusion method. Six of these were found to be ESBL positive. PCR analysis revealed that 3 of the 6 isolates had coexistence of blaSHV, blaOXA and blaCTXM-1 genes. Two of the isolates had only blaSHV gene, whereas 1 isolate had a combination of blaTEM and blaSHV genes. Three of these were resistant to all the drugs tested, while two were sensitive to getamicin and one to ciprofloxacin. None of the E. coli strains possessed blaCTXM-2, blaCTXM-8, blaCTXM-9, and qnr genes.Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 30, Number 1-2,June-Dec 2013, pp 23-29

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