scholarly journals Penerapan Sertifikasi Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC) Terhadap Produk Udang Budidaya (Studi Kasus: Tarakan - Kalimantan Utara)

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-110
Author(s):  
Radityo Pramoda ◽  
Hertria Maharani Putri
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Municipal Government ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
Illegal Fishing ◽  
Presidential Decree ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

ASC (Aquaculture Stewardship Council) is a label, indicating that a product that has been passed through environmental sustainability and good aquaculture practices. Objectives of this study are to identify ASC standards and national regulations, and to examine the readiness of exporters and shrimp farmers to apply ASC principles in Tarakan. This study utilizes empirical juridical and descriptive statistical methods. Results of the study indicate that: (1) ASC certification has 7 principles, 34 criteria, and 103 indicators; (2) ASC principles are supported by: 5 Laws, 4 Government Regulations, 1 Presidential Decree, 3 Regulations of the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, and 4 Decrees of the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries; (3) ASC certification requires high cost; (4) in general the level of readiness of exporter and shrimp fishermen still need to be improved; (5) pond land is mostly illegal. The policy recommendations of this research are: (1) the government reorganizes the national regulatory system to avoid overlapping rules and regulatory vacancies; (2) the government provides lobbies and assessors to relieve the cost of certification; (3) the government adopts the ASC principle criteria to improve competitiveness; (4) the government encourages municipal government in Tarakan to immediately resolve the problem of illegal fishing ponds.  Keywords: Application, Cultivation Stewardship Council, Aquaculture Shrimp Products ASC (Aquaculture Stewardship Council) merupakan sebuah label, bahwa produk sudah melalui prosedur keberlanjutan lingkungan dan aspek sosial praktek budidayayang baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi ketentuan ASC dan regulasi nasional, serta mengkaji kesiapan eksportir maupunpembudidaya Udang menerapkan prinsip ASC di Tarakan.Analisis kajian menggunakan metode yuridis empirisdan statistika deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) sertifikasi ASC memiliki 7 prinsip, 34 kriteria, dan 103 indikator; (2) prinsip ASC didukung: 5 Undang-Undang, 4 Peraturan Pemerintah, 1 Keputusan Presiden, 3 Peraturan Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan, dan 4 Keputusan Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan; (3) sertifikasi ASC membutuhkan biaya mahal; (4) secara umum tingkat kesiapan eksportir dan petambak Udang masih perlu ditingkatkan; (5) lahan tambak sebagian besar ilegal. Rekomendasi kebijakan penelitian ini: (1) penataan sistem regulasi nasional untuk menghindari tumpang tindih aturan dan kekosongan pengaturan; (2) pemerintah melakukan lobi atau menyediakan tenaga penilai untuk meringankan biaya sertifikasi; (3)mengadopsi kriteria prinsip ASC untuk meningkatkan daya saing; (4) pemerintah mendorong otoritas daerah Kota Tarakan segera menuntaskan masalah lahan tambak ilegal. Kata Kunci: Penerapan,Aquaculture Stewardship Council, Produk Udang Budidaya

scholarly journals GREEN PRODUCT AND CONSUMER BEHAVIOR: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 536-540
Author(s):  
Mrs.P.Sathyapriya ◽  
Dr.P.Sekar
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Green Product ◽  
Motivating Factors ◽  
Green Products ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Personal Consciousness ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Whole Life Cycle

A green product is a sustainable product designed to minimize its environmental impacts during its whole life-cycle and even after it's of no use. Green products are usually identified by having two basic goals – reducing waste and maximizing resource efficiency. With growing markets and increasing consumer volumes, the production, as well as consumption patterns are degrading the environment drastically. The government, consumers and producers have realized the worth of this issue. The research and development department of industries are continuously working to develop products that are environment-friendly and cause less environmental destruction. Products which are capable of being recycled, and possess healthy disposal are often termed as green products. The manufacturing, marketing, and consumption of such products are being promoted by the government as well as non-governmental organizations. Environmental sustainability and personal consciousness of consumers are found to be motivating factors while unavailability and unawareness are deemed demotivating factors along with the cost of installation / usage. Consumers are intended to purchase green products irrespective of their demographics. KEY WORDS-Consumer Behaviour, Green Marketing, Green product

Four-party evolutionary game analysis of supervision for vaccine quality in major epidemics

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Rongjian Xie ◽  
Yucai Jia ◽  
Yuanmei Wu ◽  
Peiyun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Points ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
External Information ◽  
The Public ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Government Supervision ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Cost

During major epidemics, monitoring vaccine quality can ensure the public health and social stability. Considering that social media has become an important way for the public to obtain external information during the epidemic. We developed a dual regulatory system of vaccine quality with the government in the leading role and the participation of We Media, and constructed a four-party evolutionary game model (government regulatory agency, We Media, vaccine industry groups, and the public) and analyzed the stability of each game player’s strategy choice. The system’s possible equilibrium points are identified using Lyapunov’s first law. Then the game trajectory between stakeholders is simulated by MATLAB, the effects of initial intention and parameters on the evolution process and results are analyzed. The results show that to ensure the quality and safety of vaccines and stabilize network public opinion during epidemics, the government should invest in an effective supervision mechanism. By strengthening responsibility, increasing penalties, and reducing supervision costs, the probability of vaccine industry groups providing high-quality vaccines is effectively enhanced. Restricting the behavior of We Media and supervising vaccine industry groups to reduce speculation reduces the cost of government supervision and improves its efficiency.

Regulatory Guillotine in the Field of Industrial Safety

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
E.V. Klovach ◽  
◽  
A.S. Pecherkin ◽  
V.K. Shalaev ◽  
V.I. Sidorov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
State Control ◽  
Regulatory Impact ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
Executive Body

In Russia, the reform of the regulatory guillotine is being implemented in the field of control and supervisory activity. It should result in a new regulatory system formed according to the principles specified in the key federal laws: «On state control (supervision) and municipal control in the Russian Federation» (Law on Control) and «On mandatory requirements in the Russian Federation» (Law on Mandatory Requirements) adopted in August 2020. In the field of industrial safety, this process was launched by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation № 1192, which will come into force on January 1, 2021. The main provisions are discussed in the article, which are related to the Law on Control and the Law on Mandatory Requirements. The Law on Control establishes the priority of preventive measures aimed at reducing the risk of causing harm in relation to the control activities, the grounds for carrying out control (supervisory) activities, the types of these activities in the forms of interaction with the controlled person and without such, the procedure for presentation of the results of control (supervisory) activity. The Law on Mandatory Requirements establishes that the provisions of regulatory legal acts should enter into force either from March 1 or September 1, but not earlier than 90 days after their official publication, and their validity period should not exceed 6 years. The drafts of regulatory legal acts developed by the federal executive bodies are subject to regulatory impact assessment. With a view to ensuring systematization of mandatory require ments, their register is kept. The federal executive body prepares a report on the achievement of the goals of mandatory requirements introduction. By January 1, 2021, 10 resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation, 48 federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety and 9 other regulatory legal acts of Rostechnadzor should be adopted. The drafts of all the documents are already prepared, some of the acts are completing the process of discussion and approval.

Pelaksanaan Peraturan Pemerintah No. 9 Tahun 1975 dalam Perspektif Sosiologi dan Antropologi Hukum Islam

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muchimah MH
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Marriage Law ◽  
Anthropological Perspective ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government

Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975 related to the implementation of marriage was made to support and maximize the implementation of Law No. 1 of 1974 which had not yet proceeded properly. This paper examines Government Regulations related to the implementation of marriage from the perspective of sociology and anthropology of Islamic law. Although the rules already exist, some people still carry out marriages without being registered. This is anthropologically the same as releasing the protection provided by the government to its people for the sake of a rule. In the sociology of Islamic law, protection is a benchmark for the assessment of society in the social environment. Therefore the purpose of this paper is to find out how the implementation of marriage according to PP. No. 9 of 1975 concerning the Marriage Law in the socio-anthropological perspective of Islamic Law.

The Existence of Geothermal Energy in Communication Perspective and Sustainable Environment in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Indriyati Kamil ◽  
Oekan S Abdoellah ◽  
Herlina Agustin ◽  
Iriana Bakti
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Nature Reserves ◽  
Communication Model ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Communication Models ◽  
The Government

This article highlights the dynamics of geothermal energy in the Kamojang nature reserve in Indonesia. A nature reserve is a conservation area that must be protected and preserved, because it has unique flora and fauna, and rare ecosystems whose existence is threatened with extinction. After going through a long study process by an integrated team, the government finally made a policy to change the function of the nature reserve into a Nature Tourism Park. Changes in policy changes to the function of nature reserves cause pros and cons in the community, and cause conflicts between government and environmental activists. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that cause changes in the function of nature reserves into natural tourism parks in the Kamojang conservation area of Indonesia, as well as to identify appropriate communication models in the management of geothermal energy through communication and environmentally sustainable approaches. Research findings show that the factors that cause changes in the function of nature reserves into tourist parks include; the interests of geothermal energy to meet national energy needs and electricity infrastructure, accommodate the needs of surrounding communities that utilize water resources in conservation areas, and restore ecosystems. The communication model for geothermal energy management that we propose at the same time is also a novelty namely; ecopopulism approach, negotiation approach, collaboration, and equating meaning and orientation to environmental sustainability. Type of Paper: Empirical Keywords: Geothermal Energy, Nature Reserves, Conservation Policies, Communication Models and Sustainable Development.

The cost-effectiveness of insulin analogs and regular insulin for diabetes control: a case study in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4/5) ◽  
pp. 323-331
Author(s):  
Mohsen pakdaman ◽  
Raheleh akbari ◽  
Hamid reza Dehghan ◽  
Asra Asgharzadeh ◽  
Mahdieh Namayandeh
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Regular Insulin ◽  
Diabetes Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Insulin Analogs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

PurposeFor years, traditional techniques have been used for diabetes treatment. There are two major types of insulin: insulin analogs and regular insulin. Insulin analogs are similar to regular insulin and lead to changes in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. The purpose of the present research was to determine the cost-effectiveness of insulin analogs versus regular insulin for diabetes control in Yazd Diabetes Center in 2017.Design/methodology/approachIn this descriptive–analytical research, the cost-effectiveness index was used to compare insulin analogs and regular insulin (pen/vial) for treatment of diabetes. Data were analyzed in the TreeAge Software and a decision tree was constructed. A 10% discount rate was used for ICER sensitivity analysis. Cost-effectiveness was examined from a provider's perspective.FindingsQALY was calculated to be 0.2 for diabetic patients using insulin analogs and 0.05 for those using regular insulin. The average cost was $3.228 for analog users and $1.826 for regular insulin users. An ICER of $0.093506/QALY was obtained. The present findings suggest that insulin analogs are more cost-effective than regular insulin.Originality/valueThis study was conducted using a cost-effectiveness analysis to evaluate insulin analogs versus regular insulin in controlling diabetes. The results of study are helpful to the government to allocate more resources to apply the cost-effective method of the treatment and to protect patients with diabetes from the high cost of treatment.

scholarly journals Overcoming Adverse Selection: How Public Intervention Can Restore Market Functioning

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Tirole
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Design ◽  
Adverse Selection ◽  
Welfare Cost ◽  
Public Intervention ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

The paper provides a first analysis of market jump starting and its two-way interaction between mechanism design and participation constraints. The government optimally overpays for the legacy assets and cleans up the market of its weakest assets, through a mixture of buybacks and equity injections, and leaves the firms with the strongest legacy assets to the market. The government reduces adverse selection enough to let the market rebound, but not too much, so as to limit the cost of intervention. The existence of a market imposes no welfare cost. (JEL D82, D83, G01, G31, H81)

scholarly journals A cost analysis to address issues of budget constraints on the implementation of the indoor residual spray programme in two districts of Maputo Province, Mozambique

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neide Canana
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Cost Information ◽  
Financial Cost ◽  
Provider Perspective ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Background It is frequently said that funding is essential to ensure optimal results from a malaria intervention control. However, in recent years, the capacity of the government of Mozambique to sustain the operational cost of indoor residual spraying (IRS) is facing numerous challenges due to restrictions of the Official Development Assistance. The purpose of the study was to estimate the cost of IRS operationalization in two districts of Maputo Province (Matutuíne and Namaacha) in Mozambique. The evidence produced in this study intends to provide decision-makers with insight into where they need to pay close attention in future planning in order to operationalize IRS with the existent budget in the actual context of budget restrictions. Methods Cost information was collected retrospectively from the provider perspective, and both economic and financial costs were calculated. A “one-way” deterministic sensitivity analysis was performed. Results The average economic costs totaled US$117,351.34, with an average economic cost per household sprayed of US$16.35, and an average economic cost per person protected of US$4.09. The average financial cost totaled US$69,174.83, with an average financial cost per household sprayed and per person protected of US$9.84 and US$2.46, respectively. Vehicle, salary, and insecticide costs were the greatest contributors to overall cost in the economic and financial analysis, corresponding to 52%, 17%, and 13% in the economic analysis and 21%, 27%, and 22% in the financial analysis, respectively. The sensitivity analysis was adapted to a range of ± (above and under) 25% change. There was an approximate change of 14% in the average economic cost when vehicle costs were decreased by 25%. In the financial analysis, the average financial cost was lowered by 7% when salary costs were decreased by 25%. Conclusions Altogether, the current cost analysis provides an impetus for the consideration of targeted IRS operationalization within the available governmental budget, by using locally-available human resources as spray operators to decrease costs and having IRS rounds be correctly timed to coincide with the build-up of vector populations.

scholarly journals Mining Industry Impact on Environmental Sustainability, Economic Growth, Social Interaction, and Public Health: An Application of Semi-Quantitative Mathematical Approach

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 972
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mohsin ◽  
Qiang Zhu ◽  
Sobia Naseem ◽  
Muddassar Sarfraz ◽  
Larisa Ivascu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Source ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
The Government ◽  
Operational Activities

The mining industry plays a significant role in economic growth and development. Coal is a viable renewable energy source with 185.175 billion deposits in Thar, which has not been deeply explored. Although coal is an energy source and contributes to economic development, it puts pressure on environmental sustainability. The current study investigates Sindh Engro coal mining’s impact on environmental sustainability and human needs and interest. The Folchi and Phillips Environmental Sustainability Mathematics models are employed to measure environmental sustainability. The research findings demonstrated that Sindh Engro coal mining is potentially unsustainable for the environment. The toxic gases (methane, carbon dioxide, sulfur, etc.) are released during operational activities. The four significant environment spheres (atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and lithosphere) are negatively influenced by Thar coal mining. The second part of the analysis results shows that human needs and interests have a positive and significant relationship except for human health and safety with Sindh Engro coal mining. Environmental pollution can be controlled by utilizing environmentally friendly coal mining operations and technologies. Plantation and ecological normalization can protect the species, flora, and fauna of the Thar Desert. The government of Pakistan and the provincial government of Sind should strictly check the adaptation of environmental standards. Furthermore, the researchers should explore the environmental issues and solutions so that coal mining becomes a cost-efficient and environmental-friendly energy source in Pakistan.

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