THE ANALYTICAL INFORMATION ABOUT STATUS OF FLAVORS USAGE IN THE WORLD AND IN UKRAINE AND POSSIBILITIES OF DOMESTIC PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-260
Author(s):  
A. Ukrainets ◽  
N. Frolova
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Production ◽  
Production Development ◽  
Analytical Information ◽  
The World

FEATURES OF DESIGNING BIKE PATHS IN ST.PETERSBURG BASED ON ANALYSIS OF EXPERIENCE OF THE BALTIC REGION

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (26) ◽  
pp. 122-130
Author(s):  
A. A. Dobrovolskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
Analytical Information ◽  
The World ◽  
Lane Width ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Specific Section

The article deals with statistics on the development of Bicycle roads in Russia and in the world, as well as design methods for a specific section of the connection of Bicycle routes in St. Petersburg. The article discusses the experience of using and entering bike paths based on the experience of Finland, as well as the types of bike paths and infrastructure features for metropolises. A model for creating a bike path by partially narrowing the roadway, graphical functions, and analytical information are provided. Practical examples of changing the infrastructure for bike paths are given. Keywords: bike path, traffic volume, design the roadway, lane width.

scholarly journals Will International Rules on Subsidies Disrupt the World Trading System?

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 877-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Bagwell ◽  
Robert W Staiger
Keyword(s):  
Market Access ◽  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Domestic Production ◽  
Multilateral Trading System ◽  
The World ◽  
World Trading System ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Multilateral Trading System

We provide a first formal analysis of the international rules that govern the use of subsidies to domestic production. Our analysis highlights the impact of the new subsidy disciplines that were added to GATT rules with the creation of the WTO. While GATT subsidy rules were typically viewed as weak and inadequate, our results suggest that the key changes introduced by the WTO subsidy rules may ultimately do more harm than good to the multilateral trading system by undermining the ability of tariff negotiations to serve as the mechanism for expanding market access to more efficient levels.

The platform as factory: Crowdwork and the hidden labour behind artificial intelligence

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Altenried
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Automated Measurement ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Wage Labour ◽  
Production Development ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
The World ◽  
Domestic Labour ◽  
Private Homes ◽  
And Control

This article analyses crowdwork platforms where various forms of digital labour are outsourced to digital workers across the globe. The labour of these workers is, among other things, a crucial component in the production, development and support of artificial intelligence. Crowdwork platforms are an extreme example of new forms of automated measurement, management and control of labour allowing, in turn, for the creation of hyperflexible and highly scalable workforces. Particularly on so-called microtask platforms, work is characterised by decomposition, standardisation, automated management and surveillance, as well as algorithmically organised cooperation between a great number of workers. Analysing these platforms as a paradigmatic example of an emerging digital Taylorism, the article goes on to argue that this allows the platforms to assemble a deeply heterogeneous set of workers while bypassing the need to spatially and subjectively homogenise them. These platforms create a global on-demand workforce, working in their private homes or Internet cafes. As a result, crowdwork taps into labour pools hitherto almost inaccessible to wage labour. The second part of the article investigates this tendency by looking at two sets of workers: women shouldering care responsibilities, who now can work on crowdwork platforms while performing domestic labour, as well as digital workers in the Global South. While there are clear specifics of digital crowdwork, it is also an expression of broader transformations within the world of work, concerning, for example, new forms of algorithmic management just as the return of very old forms of exploitation such as the piece wage.

scholarly journals Roles of Political and Economic Environments on Agricultural Commodity Import Demand in Developing Economy: A Case Study of Rice Sub-Sector in Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Sunday B. Akpan ◽  
Glory E. Emmanuel ◽  
Inimfon V. Patrick
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Capacity Utilization ◽  
Import Demand ◽  
Nominal Exchange Rate ◽  
Domestic Production ◽  
World Price ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Industrial Capacity

<p>Nigeria is currently the largest importer of milled rice in the world. The country has implemented several trade policies, set up institutions and incentives to boost domestic production with the intention to meet both domestic and international demands. Despite these attempts and favorable climatic, manpower and edaphic conditions in the country, Nigeria still spent millions of dollars on annual basis on rice imports. Based on this assertion, the study rather examined the roles of political and economic environments on rice import demand from 1960 to 2014 in Nigeria. Time series data were obtained from FAO, Central Bank of Nigeria and National Bureau of Statistics as well as World Bank. Augmented Dickey-Fuller-GLS unit root test showed that all series were integrated of order one. The long-run and short-run elasticity of rice import demand were determined using the techniques of co-integration and error correction models. The trend in rice import revealed that, the country had witnessed significant average positive exponential growth rate of about 15.975% in rice import from 1960 to 2014. The empirical results revealed that, the long run import demand function of rice responded negatively to the world price, industrial capacity utilization, nominal exchange rate, and the value of gross domestic production; whereas, it reacted positively to period of civilian rule, nominal value of external reserve, period of liberalization and the net volume of credit to the entire economy. The symmetric adjustment coefficient of rice import demand to a long run equilibrium stood at 39.65% per annum. In the short run, rice import had a significant negative and elastic relationship with the domestic and world price of rice; while it has significant positive inelastic association with external reserve and net credit to the economy. Based on these results; it is recommended that, the Nigeria government should designed programmes and incentives to boost industrial capacity utilization in the country. Markets determine nominal exchange rate should prevail in the economy. The country should regulate its foreign reserve policy by setting a threshold, above which excess deposit should be plough back to the domestic economy inform of investments rather than support excessive importation.</p>

POLISH FOREIGN TRADE OF POTATOES AND POTATO PRODUCTS IN THE PERIOD 2000-2015

2017 ◽  
Vol XIX (3) ◽  
pp. 46-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiesław Dzwonkowski
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Domestic Production ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Adaptation Processes ◽  
Potato Products ◽  
Polish Foreign ◽  
The Eu

Analysis of potatoes and potato products foreign trade was conducted in changing market and trading conditioning before and after the Polish accession to the EU and in last years, when adaptation processes in the Polish potato sector practically were already finished. In spite of the biggest decrease in last years, Poland still remains one of the bigger producers of potatoes in Europe and in the world. The export of potatoes to the direct consumption is low, however the sale to of potato products to foreign markets systematically grows, mainly of fries and chips, what is possible thanks systematically increasing their domestic production. After the Polish accession to the EU and for abolishing tariff barriers an import of potatoes and potato products considerably increased. Poland has a positive balance in potato products foreign trade, however from the accession to the EU remains the net importer of potatoes.

scholarly journals Elemental Design Base of Chinese Supercomputer Technologies

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Andrey Molyakov
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Complex ◽  
State Support ◽  
Domestic Production ◽  
Supercomputer Technologies ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Military Industrial Complex ◽  
Technological Gap ◽  
The World ◽  
Chinese Military

China intends to close the technological gap from Western countries in microprocessor production by 2021. 46 new projects worth billions of dollars have already been launched in the country. Most of these projects receive direct or indirect state support, which creates a huge demand for domestic semiconductors. By a government decree, all servers in government offices and state-owned enterprises will be preferentially equipped with processors of domestic production. As a result, their sales are expected to grow at a rate of 20% annually. First of all, we are talking about &ldquo;Loongson&rdquo;, &ldquo;Shenwei&rdquo; and &ldquo;Phytium&rdquo; chips (the latter are the development of the Chinese military-industrial complex). The Shenwei processors, which have proved their effectiveness, are promising: they are the ones that run the world&#39;s most powerful supercomputer, Sunway Taihu Light, which consists of 10.65 million cores and performs 93 quadrillion operations per second.

scholarly journals The main trends and perspectives of pork production development in the world

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (96) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
V. Maksym ◽  
V. Chemerys ◽  
V. Dushka ◽  
Y. Berezivskyi
Keyword(s):  
Meat Products ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Industry Development ◽  
Pork Production ◽  
Production Development ◽  
Technological Efficiency ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
World Food Security

The pig breeding behaves to the most more widespread directions of stock-raising in the world, which forms considerable part in balance of meat and meat products in many countries. The level of pork production and industry development volumes on the whole substantially influences on world food security. In the article the presented results of research are in relation to consisting and basic tendencies of pork production in the world and in the separate countries where the pig breeding is most developed. Conducted analysis of hog herds dynamics production and pork volumes in the world, and also basic factors which substantially influenced on development of the pig breeding for probed period are set. Certainly structural influence of most producers of pork is in the world on the indexes of industry development. Investigational the stance of pork production, and also conducted analysis of standard purchase prices, is on pigs in different countries in the world. Presented information in relation to the structure of pork export and import in the world and in the separate countries which most influence on pork market development. Positions and influence of Ukraine are appraised at the international market of pork. The basic prospects of pork production development are set and grounded in the world and in the separate countries, in particular in Ukraine. The production of pork in the world during 2017–2019 years decrease on 8.1 %, and the pigs herd dynamic diminished on 13 %. A sharp downstream of pork herd is in the world connected with spread of dangerous infectious diseases of zoon’s, which the African swine fewer, which resulted in considerable reduction of herd and meat production particular in China on which was nearly 40 % in world production. However, compensated a downstream in countries South-East Asia in a greater measure of industry development of the pig breeding in the USA, Brazil and EU, which behave to the basic exporters of pork in the world, which is form about 85 % of global products export. One with positive factors, which in the future will assist the pig breeding development in the world there is gradual growth of pork production and consumption in the developing countries, where an increase of herd, and also increase the technological efficiency of swine growing. The considerable not realized potential of the pig breeding industry in many countries, in particular in Ukraine, which is one of most in the world producers and exporters of feed crops, necessary for industry development.

scholarly journals SBERBANK OF RUSSIA'S RATING ON THE NATIONAL AND GLOBAL MARKET

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 353-354
Author(s):  
Elena Cheklaukova
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
World Market ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Current State ◽  
Analytical Information ◽  
The World ◽  
Further Development

The article analyzes the current state of Sberbank in the Russian market and its po sition in the world market. Analytical information is provided on the bank's performance in the crisis year for the global economy in 2020 and the prospects for its further development.

scholarly journals The research of the oyster’s market condition: current state and future perspective development on the basis of marketing

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-110
Author(s):  
O. V. Chetveryk ◽  
◽  
N. A Kravchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Market Condition ◽  
Domestic Production ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
Promising Area

The article conducts a marketing study of the oyster market in Ukraine and in the world. In the article was analyze the current state and prospects for future perspective development of the oyster market in Ukraine. The possibility of developing the market of oysters and enterprises of the oyster industry under the conditions of marketing use is considered. The results of the study showed that fisheries in Ukraine are a promising area of agro-industrial production, which provides the population with valuable food and promotes employment. The marketing research was based on the analysis of the supply of oysters in the world and Ukraine, the volume of demand in the domestic market of Ukraine, the characteristics of the main producers of oysters. The analysis suggests that the leading countries in oyster farming are China, Japan and the United States. A study of the dynamics of oyster production in the world showed their constant growth, and in 2018 received 4.7 million tons of oysters. The supply on the domestic market of oysters in Ukraine consists of imports and direct domestic production: 90% - import, 10% - domestic production. Ukraine's oyster imports fell from $ 9.5 million. to 5.98 million dollars, but still occupies the lion's share. The largest domestic producers of oysters are next companies: Silveo LLC (38%), Odyssey LLC (20%), Ocean LLC (13%), Triton-chernomor Company (11%). Despite imports and low domestic production, oyster consumption in Ukraine remains low at 0.9 kg per person per year. The consistently low demand for sea-food and oysters, in particular, is due to the steady deterioration of the economic situation and low purchasing power of the population. A prerequisite for the long-term and perspective development of the oyster market and oyster’s cultivation enterprises is the use of marketing. The most popular for oyster’s enterprises are traditional and cognitive marketing. The most popular instruments of cognitive marketing for the oyster enterprises are creating social videos about cinnamon of seafood, including oysters, organizing of the food festivals and food festivals of the sea-products, have been thoroughly disseminated, as well as take part in other trips, organizing tasting events at the festival and other.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF MODEL SCENARIOS FOR FOOD PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION FORECASTS IN TERMS OF SOLVING GLOBAL FOOD PROBLEM

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2(14)) ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
Nadiia Volodymyrivna Stezhko
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Domestic Production ◽  
Food Problem ◽  
The World ◽  
Who Standards ◽  
Mechanisms Of Formation ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Global Food

Urgency of the research. Food problem issues take a prominent place in national security concepts of every developed country. In the context of Ukraine’s commitment to integration into the European community, the food problem is of prominent significance. Target setting. Given the global economy dynamics, the research of this problem is not exhaustive and needs new approaches to scientific research. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The problems of food support of the population reflected in the works of L. Brown (2011), O. Berezin (2011), L. Berezina (2011), V. Vlasov (2009), M. Lysak (2009), R. Maltus (1998), B. Paskhaver (2007), M. Puhachov (2014), A. Sen (1979), Ya. Stoliarchuk (2009), etc. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. Existing mechanisms of formation and distribution of world food resources, international trade therein, and food aid do not create an efficient system to ensure sufficient food support around the world. Therefore, it is important to reason the forecast ratio of deficit and domestic production for certain types of food to satisfy the demand under WHO standards. The research objective. The purpose of the article is to identify the most and least vulnerable countries in terms of food security through the forecast ratio of deficit (shortage) and domestic production for certain types of food to satisfy the demand under WHO standards in particular parts of the world. The statement of basic materials. Prospects for tackling the global food issue by using trend, adaptive and integrated autoregressive models (Box-Jenkins and OLYMPUS models) have been analysed. The calculations herein have been provided by different parts of the world: Africa, America, Asia, Europe, and Oceania. Conclusions. The results show that almost all parts of the world are unable to provide the population with rational norms of major foods through domestic production.

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