scholarly journals Assessment of Dietary Pattern of People Living in a Rural Area of Bihar

2021 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Mayank Rahul ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Food Habit ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Total ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Health Dimension ◽  
Healthy Life Style

Introduction: There is a trend of declining cereal intake particularly coarse cereals and really low increase of consumption of other food items within the rural diet, which has often been explained as an expected outcome of economic growth Aims & Objectives: 1). To observe the dietary pattern of different food items and their timely consumption. 2). To assess the consumption and practices of daily food items used in kitchen. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional study done in Nathnagar areas (Bihar) in the month of March, 2017 with the help of pre-tested semi structured questionnaire amongst the rural population. Total 154 subjects were interviewed in one-month period. Result: maximum participants 51 (33.11%) belong to 22-27 years of age group and majority of the population were literate. It was also found that 127 (82.46%) of participants consume green vegetables daily and daily consumption of beverages such as tea and coffee were seen common to 152 (98.7%) participants. Iodized Salt intake consumption was seen in majority 151 (98%). Washing practices of cereals, at least two times a day was seen in 94 (61%) participant and it was also observed that 123 (79.87%) participants practiced washing of vegetables before cutting. Conclusion: Most of them where vegetarian by diet. As of education part all most all the participants were from the literate groups which depicts a good overview of society regarding studies. Many of them were aware of their consumption of food and its pattern, still few were lagging. Overall, everyone had different pattern of food habit and it shows that much work has to be done in the field of health dimension with the help of education and motivation and through implementation of healthy life style behaviour in terms of nutrition and its monitoring from time to time.

scholarly journals Characterization of Norwegian women eating wholegrain bread

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 2836-2845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toril Bakken ◽  
Tonje Braaten ◽  
Anja Olsen ◽  
Eiliv Lund ◽  
Guri Skeie
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Items ◽  
High Level ◽  
Fourth Quartile

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate dietary and non-dietary characteristics of wholegrain bread eaters in the Norwegian Women and Cancer study.DesignCross-sectional study using an FFQ.SettingWomen were divided into two groups according to wholegrain bread consumption.SubjectsAdult women (n 69 471).ResultsMedian daily consumption of standardized slices of wholegrain bread was 2·5 in the low intake group and 4·5 in the high intake group. The OR for high wholegrain bread consumption was 0·28, 2·19 and 4·63 for the first, third and fourth quartile of energy intake, respectively, compared with the second quartile. Living outside Oslo or in East Norway and having a high level of physical activity were associated with high wholegrain bread consumption. BMI and smoking were inversely associated with wholegrain bread consumption. Intake of many food items was positively associated with wholegrain bread consumption (P trend <0·01). After adjustment for energy intake, consumption of most food items was inversely associated with wholegrain bread consumption (P trend <0·001). The mean intakes of thiamin and Fe were higher in those with high wholegrain bread consumption, even after taking energy intake into account.ConclusionsEnergy intake was strongly positively associated with wholegrain bread consumption. Geographical differences in wholegrain bread consumption were observed. Our study suggests that women with high wholegrain bread consumption do not generally have a healthier diet than those who eat less wholegrain bread, but that they tend to be healthier in regard to other lifestyle factors.

scholarly journals Urine Spot Samples Can Be Used to Estimate 24-Hour Urinary Sodium Excretion in Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 148 (12) ◽  
pp. 1946-1953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magali Rios-Leyvraz ◽  
Pascal Bovet ◽  
René Tabin ◽  
Bernard Genin ◽  
Michel Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Individual Level

ABSTRACT Background The gold standard to assess salt intake is 24-h urine collections. Use of a urine spot sample can be a simpler alternative, especially when the goal is to assess sodium intake at the population level. Several equations to estimate 24-h urinary sodium excretion from urine spot samples have been tested in adults, but not in children. Objective The objective of this study was to assess the ability of several equations and urine spot samples to estimate 24-h urinary sodium excretion in children. Methods A cross-sectional study of children between 6 and 16 y of age was conducted. Each child collected one 24-h urine sample and 3 timed urine spot samples, i.e., evening (last void before going to bed), overnight (first void in the morning), and morning (second void in the morning). Eight equations (i.e., Kawasaki, Tanaka, Remer, Mage, Brown with and without potassium, Toft, and Meng) were used to estimate 24-h urinary sodium excretion. The estimates from the different spot samples and equations were compared with the measured excretion through the use of several statistics. Results Among the 101 children recruited, 86 had a complete 24-h urine collection and were included in the analysis (mean age: 10.5 y). The mean measured 24-h urinary sodium excretion was 2.5 g (range: 0.8–6.4 g). The different spot samples and equations provided highly heterogeneous estimates of the 24-h urinary sodium excretion. The overnight spot samples with the Tanaka and Brown equations provided the most accurate estimates (mean bias: −0.20 to −0.12 g; correlation: 0.48–0.53; precision: 69.7–76.5%; sensitivity: 76.9–81.6%; specificity: 66.7%; and misclassification: 23.0–27.7%). The other equations, irrespective of the timing of the spot, provided less accurate estimates. Conclusions Urine spot samples, with selected equations, might provide accurate estimates of the 24-h sodium excretion in children at a population level. At an individual level, they could be used to identify children with high sodium excretion. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02900261.

scholarly journals Factors of tooth extraction among adult patients attending in exodontia department of Dhaka Dental College and Hospital

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
T Nasreen ◽  
ME Haq
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Food Habit ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Treatment Schedule ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Patient ◽  
Treatment Centre ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Tooth Extractions

In the management of the adult dental patient efforts are geared towards the preservation of permanent dentition as it is important for maintaining normal occlusal relationship, play role in aesthesis, speech, influence food habit and nutrition. This hospital based descriptive type of cross sectional study was done at Exodontia Department of Dhaka Dental College and Hospital to identify the factors that contribute in tooth extraction among the respondents. The study was carried out during the month of January to June 2009 and 110 respondents selected purposively. The study showed the majority of the respondents (57.3%) were in the age group of 20-39 years. Their mean age was 36.85.years, SD of age was ±13.85 and age range was 15-85 years. Among the respondents 46.4% were male and 53.6% were female. Dental caries was the leading cause of tooth extractions in 68% cases. It was also observed that post filling complication contributed in 33% cases of extraction. Patient requests due to economic cause in 16% cases, negligence in 11% cases and even distance of the treatment centre from residence reported in 15% cases. The treatment philosophy of the centre played a vital role. Heavy rush of the patient and inconvenient conservative treatment schedule caused many unnecessary extractions DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjodfo.v2i1.15996 Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, October 2011; Vol-2, No.1, 7-10

scholarly journals Association of Dietary Patterns with Metabolic Syndrome: Results from the Kardiovize Brno 2030 Study

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Agodi ◽  
Andrea Maugeri ◽  
Sarka Kunzova ◽  
Ondrej Sochor ◽  
Hana Bauerova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Western Dietary Pattern ◽  
High Adherence

Although metabolic syndrome (MetS) could be handled by lifestyle interventions, its relationship with dietary patterns remains unclear in populations from Central Europe. Using data from the Kardiovize Brno cohort, the present study aims to identify the main dietary patterns and to evaluate their association with MetS risk in a random urban sample from Brno, Czech Republic. In a cross-sectional study of 1934 subjects aged 25–65 years (44.3% male), dietary patterns were derived by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) administration and principal component analysis. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation statement. Logistic regression models were applied. High adherence to the prudent dietary pattern was associated with lower odds of abdominal obesity, abnormal glucose concentration, and MetS. By contrast, high adherence to the western dietary pattern was associated with higher odds of abnormal glucose, triglycerides and blood pressure levels. Whilst our results confirm the deleterious effect of a western dietary pattern on several metabolic risk factors, they also indicate that the consumption of a diet rich in cereals, fish, fruit and vegetables is associated with a healthier metabolic profile. However, further prospective research is warranted to develop and validate novel potential preventive strategies against MetS and its complications.

scholarly journals Validation of a food-frequency questionnaire for cohort studies in rural Japan

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Ogawa ◽  
Yoshitaka Tsubono ◽  
Yoshikazu Nishino ◽  
Yoko Watanabe ◽  
Takayoshi Ohkubo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Miyagi Prefecture

AbstractObjectives:To examine the validity and reproducibility of a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) used for two cohort studies in Japan.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:Two rural towns in the Miyagi Prefecture, in north-eastern Japan.Subjects:Fifty-five men and 58 women.Results:A 40-item FFQ was administered twice, 1 year apart. In the mean time, four 3-day diet records (DRs) were collected in four seasons within the year. We calculated daily consumption of total energy and 15 nutrients, 40 food items and nine food groups from the FFQs and the DRs. We computed Spearman correlation coefficients between the FFQs and the DRs. With adjustment for age, total energy and deattenuation for measurement error with the DRs, the correlation coefficients for nutrient intakes ranged from 0.25 to 0.58 in men and from 0.30 to 0.69 in women, with median of 0.43 and 0.43, respectively. Median (range) of the correlation coefficients was 0.35 (−0.30 to 0.72) in men and 0.34 (−0.06 to 0.75) in women for food items and 0.60 (−0.10 to 0.76) and 0.51 (0.28–0.70) for food groups, respectively. Median (range) of the correlation coefficients for the two FFQs administered 1 year apart was 0.49 (0.31–0.71) in men and 0.50 (0.40–0.64) in women for nutrients, 0.43 (0.14–0.76) and 0.45 (0.06–0.74) respectively for food items, and 0.50 (0.30–0.70) and 0.57 (0.39–0.66) respectively for food groups. Relatively higher agreement percentages for intakes of nutrients and food groups with high validity were obtained together with lower complete disagreement percentages.Conclusions:The FFQ has a high reproducibility and a reasonably good validity, and is useful in assessing the usual intakes of nutrients, foods and food groups among a rural Japanese population.

scholarly journals A study on associated risks of smoking, alcohol and smokeless tobacco on hypertension among advocates

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 5114
Author(s):  
Shanthi Edward ◽  
Praveena Periasamy
Keyword(s):  
Life Style ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
District Court ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Healthy Life Style ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Advocates, being stressed out and depressed in the law profession due to unstable work pattern, work overload and lack in coping up skills. They thrive a lot to survive in the profession. In such circumstances, lawyers may lean on alcohol or tobacco. In view of above issues, one of the main objectives of the study is to evaluate the association between use of alcohol, tobacco, smoking and hypertension among practising advocates.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 300 practising advocates at Madurai district court for a period of 1 year by simple random sampling method. Data was collected using structured interview schedule and analysed using SPSS.Results: Around 263 (87.66%) study participants were non-smokers and 37 (12.33%) were tobacco smokers. Among the tobacco smokers, a majority of 24 (64.86%) were found to be hypertensives (p=0.002). In the current study among the alcohol consumers, a majority of 26 (55.32%) were hypertensives and among the non-consumers of alcohol, only 38.34% were hypertensives (p=0.044).Conclusions: Advocates being professionals are well educated, informative and aware of complications. Adoption of healthy life style practices, the prevalence of hypertension may be reduced among the advocate community. Life style modifications such as cessation of smoking, alcohol and tobacco should be adopted. Promotive activities like arrangement of health camps in the court, health education, counselling on self-care, stress bursting leisure time activities would reduce the dependency on tobacco and alcohol.

scholarly journals Relationship between awareness and attitude with health and foodsafety among students of Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Arezou Khezerlou ◽  
Nasim Zolfaghari Firouzsalari ◽  
Hajar Zolfaghari ◽  
Mahmood Alizadeh sani ◽  
Maryam Azizi-lalabadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Academic Level ◽  
Freshmen Students ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Healthy Life Style

Introduction: Healthy life style and food safety are among the most crucial elements inpromoting community health. This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the awarenessand attitudes of the students of Urmia University, Urmai, Iran, regarding health and food safety. Methods: The questionnaire used was designed in three parts (demographic, attitude, andawareness) and it was completed by 384 students. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.Results: Results showed that over 80% of the students had positive attitude towards health and foodsafety. In addition, almost 50% of the subjects had low awareness on the most appropriate plasticcontainers to keep food healthy. Findings indicated that there was a significant difference between thestudents' attitudes and their academic level (P = 0.008). No significant differences were found amongstudents' awareness and attitude considering gender and passing the food safety course. Cocnclusion: As the study findings revealed, training programs and workshops related to healthand food safety could be effective, specially for freshmen students.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Overconsumption of Salt and its Determinants – The Case of Southwestern Rural China

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-42
Author(s):  
Tony Ka chun YUNG ◽  
Rainbow Hiu yan MOK
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Salt Consumption ◽  
Belief Model

Aim Overconsumption of salt contributes to hypertension and increases the risks of cardiovascular diseases. Most studies that investigated salt intake by applying the Health belief model (HBM) have focused on urban settings. This study aims to identify the prevalence of salt overconsumption (>6 g per day) in a rural village in Southwestern China and to determine the association between knowledge regarding salt consumption/HBM constructs and salt overconsumption behavior among village residents. Methods Inthis cross-sectional study, 79 adults aged 18 years and above were interviewed using household-based and face-to-face questionnaires. Salt intake was measured using an electronic balance in accordance with a previous protocol. Results Our finding showed that the average daily salt intake is 11.19±11.14 (mean±SD) g. Moreover, 64.6% of the participants overconsumed salt. None of the participants was aware of the national recommendation for salt intake. Univariate logistic regression showed that i) knowledge about hypertension causing cardiovascular diseases (odds ratio [ORu]=3.02), ii) perceived severity of hypertension as a serious disease (ORu=4.92), and iii) perceived benefit of reducing salt intake to prevent hypertension (ORu=3.52) were unexpectedly positively associated with salt overconsumption behavior. All the studied sociodemographic factors were not associated with salt overconsumption behavior. Conclusions A high prevalence of salt overconsumption was found among residents of rural villages in Southwestern China. HBM was unable to explain the causal relationship between its constructs and salt overconsumption behavior. The extremely low awareness of the national salt recommendation highlighted the urgent need to provide relevant health education in rural China.

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