scholarly journals Oxidative Stress, Skin Aging and Antioxidant Therapy / Oksidacioni Stres, Starenje Kože I Antioksidaciona Terapija

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana Stojiljković ◽  
Dušica Pavlović ◽  
Ivana Arsić
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Dna Mutation ◽  
Endogenous Protection ◽  
The Impact

Summary Skin aging is a dynamic process that occurs due to chronological and photo-aging caused by the influence of external factors, especially ultraviolet-UV radiation. Cumulative oxidative stress, formation of free radicals and their adverse effects on biological systems in the skin cells is a common mechanism of both skin aging processes. The formed reactive oxygen species-ROS can lead to the oxidation of cell`s building molecules. Lipid peroxidation, membrane protein damage and DNA mutation may lead to many structural, functional and aesthetic changes in the skin and can also initiate development of many diseases. One of the skin defense mechanisms is antioxidant defense where enzymes and other antioxidant substances react directly with ROS, preventing them from reaching their biological target. Antioxidant substances have the ability to bind free radicals, caused by oxidative stress, and may have significance in prevention and/or therapy of various skin diseases, as well as in slowing the skin aging process. Topical application of antioxidants, such as vitamin C and E, coenzyme Q10 and polyphenolic compounds may provide the strengthening of the skin endogenous protection system and protection from harmful effects of ROS and oxidative damage to the skin. This article outlines the impact of oxidative stress on the chronological and photo- aging, its mechanism of action, the changes that occur on/in the skin during the aging process. Substances with antioxidant characteristics, which can be used in the prevention of chronological and/or treatment of photo-aging of the skin are shown.

scholarly journals Mineral Micronutrients in Asthma

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 4001
Author(s):  
Dominika Zajac
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Medical Issues ◽  
Persistent Inflammation ◽  
The Impact

Asthma represents one of the most common medical issues in the modern world. It is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by persistent inflammation of the airways and disturbances in redox status, leading to hyperresponsiveness of bronchi and airway obstruction. Apart from classical risk factors such as air pollution, family history, allergies, or obesity, disturbances of the levels of micronutrients lead to impairments in the defense mechanisms of the affected organism against oxidative stress and proinflammatory stimuli. In the present review, the impact of micronutrients on the prevalence, severity, and possible risk factors of asthma is discussed. Although the influence of classical micronutrients such as selenium, copper, or zinc are well known, the effects of those such as iodine or manganese are only rarely mentioned. As a consequence, the aim of this paper is to demonstrate how disturbances in the levels of micronutrients and their supplementation might affect the course of asthma.

scholarly journals Role of Klotho in Chronic Calcineurin Inhibitor Nephropathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Luo ◽  
Sun Woo Lim ◽  
Yi Quan ◽  
Sheng Cui ◽  
Yoo Jin Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Calcineurin Inhibitor ◽  
Calcineurin Inhibitors ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Klotho Protein ◽  
The Common ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) are the most popular immunosuppressants in organ transplantation, but nephrotoxicity is a major concern. The common mechanism underlying chronic CNI nephropathy is oxidative stress, and the process of chronic CNI nephropathy is similar to that of aging. Current studies provide evidence that antiaging Klotho protein plays an important role in protecting against oxidative stress, and its signaling is a target for preventing oxidative stress-induced aging process. In this review, we focus on the association between Klotho and oxidative stress and the protective mechanism of action of Klotho against oxidative stress in chronic CNI nephropathy. In addition, we discuss the delivery strategy for Klotho in CNI-induced nephropathy.

scholarly journals Potency of Black Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) Extract and Daidzein as Antioxidant and Antihyaluronidase

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Tandiah Asan ◽  
I Nyoman Ehrich Lister ◽  
Edy Fachrial ◽  
Annisa Amalia ◽  
Wahyu Widowati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Black Soybean ◽  
Colorimetric Test ◽  
Soybean Extract ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Antioxidant Potency

Black soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is a plant that is widely planted and consumed in Indonesia. In addition, black soybean has unique content of isoflavones, such as daidzein, which is one of the active compounds that have the effect of fighting free radicals and can inhibit the aging process. The purpose of this study is to analyze the antioxidant potency possessed by black soybean extract (BSE) and daidzeinin inhibiting aging of the skin. The method used is a colorimetric test. The type of antioxidant test used is H2O2 scavenging and inhibiting the activity of the hyaluronidase enzyme for antiaging. BSE has better effectiveness of H2O2 scavenging (IC50: 286.24±11.16 (µg/mL)) than daidzein compound (IC50: 366.16±2.54 (µg/mL)). In the inhibition of hyaluronidase enzyme, the daidzein has more effective activities (IC50: 95.80±3.98 (µg/mL)) compared to BSE (IC50: 152.56±13.98 (µg/mL)). The antioxidant and anti-aging activities possessed by BSE make it possible to be used as a cosmetic ingredient for skin aging therapy.

scholarly journals Battle between plants as antioxidants with free radicals in human body

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Jamshidi-kia ◽  
Joko Priyanto Wibowo ◽  
Mostafa Elachouri ◽  
Rohollah Masumi ◽  
Alizamen Salehifard-Jouneghani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidants

Free radicals are constructed by natural physiological activities in the human cells as well as in the environment. They may be produced as a result of diet, smoking, exercise, inflammation, exposure to sunlight, air pollutants, stress, alcohol and drugs. Imbalanced redox status may lead to cellular oxidative stress, which can damage the cells of the body, resulting in an incidence of various diseases. If the endogenous antioxidants do not stop the production of reactive metabolites, they will be needed to bring about a balance in redox status. Natural antioxidants, for example plants, play an important part in this context. This paper seeks to report the available evidence about oxidative stress and the application of plants as antioxidant agents to fight free radicals in the human body. For this purpose, to better understand oxidative stress, the principles of free radical production, the role of free radicals in diseases, antioxidant defense mechanisms, and the role of herbs and diet in oxidative stress are discussed.

scholarly journals Squalene: More than a Step toward Sterols

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Micera ◽  
Alfonso Botto ◽  
Federica Geddo ◽  
Susanna Antoniotti ◽  
Cinzia Margherita Bertea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Metabolic Intermediate ◽  
Cellular Models

Squalene (SQ) is a natural triterpene widely distributed in nature. It is a metabolic intermediate of the sterol biosynthetic pathway and represents a possible target in different metabolic and oxidative stress-related disorders. Growing interest has been focused on SQ’s antioxidant properties, derived from its chemical structure. Strong evidence provided by ex vivo models underline its scavenging activity towards free radicals, whereas only a few studies have highlighted its effect in cellular models of oxidative stress. Given the role of unbalanced free radicals in both the onset and progression of several cardiovascular diseases, an in depth evaluation of SQ’s contribution to antioxidant defense mechanisms could represent a strategic approach in dealing with these pathological conditions. At present experimental results overall show a double-edged sword role of squalene in cardiovascular diseases and its function has to be better elucidated in order to establish intervention lines focused on its features. This review aims to summarize current knowledge about endogenous and exogenous sources of SQ and to point out the controversial role of SQ in cardiovascular physiology.

Oxidative Stress in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Systematic Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Lucia Minciullo ◽  
Antonino Inferrera ◽  
Michele Navarra ◽  
Gioacchino Calapai ◽  
Carlo Magno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Key Words Oxidative Stress

Background: Several parameters including inflammatory mediators, hormones, dietary factors, inflammatory genes, and oxidative stress (OS) have been considered to play a role in the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Prostate tissue damage and OS may lead to compensatory cellular proliferation with resulting hyperplastic growth. Methods: We searched MEDLINE for articles in English published up to March 2014 using the key words ‘oxidative stress', ‘antioxidants' and ‘benign prostatic hyperplasia'. Results: Prostatic inflammation can cause the generation of free radicals. The extent of oxidative damage can be exacerbated by a decreased efficiency of antioxidant defense mechanisms. The balance between OS and the antioxidant component also has a role in developing prostate disease. Several works show the role of oxidant products and of depletion of antioxidant substances in BPH patients. It is accepted that free radicals play a role in carcinogenesis and that BPH should be considered a premalignant condition which may evolve into prostate cancer. High OS parameters and low antioxidant activity are more prominent in prostate cancer patients compared with BPH and controls. Conclusions: Further studies are needed to clarify the potential role of antioxidants in BPH also in view of preventing the progression to prostate cancer.

scholarly journals The impact of melatonin on antioxidant defense mechanisms in Alzheimer’s disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 1114-1122
Author(s):  
Daria Malicka ◽  
Dominika Markowska ◽  
Jarosław Nuszkiewicz ◽  
Karolina Szewczyk-Golec
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Senile Plaques ◽  
Biological Clock ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Phosphorylated Tau Protein

During aging, the increased risk of neurodegenerative disease development is observed. One of the most common and most serious disorders is Alzheimer’s disease manifested by the loss of nerve cell functions. In the course of the disease, extracellular senile plaques consisting of beta-amyloid and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles of hyper-phosphorylated tau protein are formed. As a result of aging, the repair potential of damaged nerve cells is reduced. Free radicals formed in excess generate augmented oxidative stress, which contributes to the damaging of biomolecules and the development of pathological changes. This mechanism is favored by a decrease in the efficiency of antioxidant enzymes and the deficiency of antioxidants, observed in aging organism. With age, the secretion of the pineal hormone melatonin, functioning as a biochemical biological clock, is significantly reduced. This compound has been proved to be a very effective antioxidant that plays a key role in protecting cells against excessive damage, especially in nervous tissue. Studies have shown that supplementation with exogenous melatonin can prevent oxidative stress-induced degeneration of neurons. Considering the action of melatonin and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease, the idea of using the hormone supplementation in the prevention and alleviation of the effects of the disease seems to be extremely interesting.

scholarly journals NF-κB signaling pathway and free radical impact.

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Siomek
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The activation of NF-κB transcription factor is critical for a wide range of processes such as immunity, inflammation, cell development, growth and survival. It is activated by a variety of stimuli including cytokines, ionizing radiation and oxidative stress. Redox modulations of NF-κB pathway have been widely demonstrated. Studies carried out during last years have advanced our knowledge about possible connections between NF-κB pathway and the impact of free radicals. This review is an endeavor to gather recent results focused on this issue, although an important question, whether oxidative stress plays a physiological role in NF-κB activation, seems to be still unanswered.

Endogenous Repair System of Oxidative Damage of DNA

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anmol Sharma ◽  
Pawan Gupta ◽  
Pranav Kumar Prabhakar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Alkylating Agents ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Repair System ◽  
Functional Protein ◽  
Dna Mutation ◽  
Reactive Carbonyl Species ◽  
Exogenous Agents ◽  
Specific Proteins

DNA is one of the most important biomolecules of living cells which carries genetic information from generation to generation. Many endogenous and exogenous agents may disrupt the structure of DNA. Change in the cellular genome can lead to errors in replication, transcription and in protein synthesis. DNA damage occurs naturally or result from a metabolic and hydrolytic process which release some very active chemical entities like free radicals, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), Reactive Nitrogen Intermediate (RNI), Reactive Carbonyl Species (RCS), lipid peroxidation products and alkylating agents. Superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide cause a significant threat to cellular integrity by damaging the DNA, lipids, proteins and other biomolecules. Oxidative stress may be explained as a disturbance in the number of free radicals and our system’s ability to neutralize these free radicals. Imbalances in the normal redox potential can also lead to toxic effects via the generation of peroxides. Oxidation of DNA bases leads to the base damage, nick in the strand and break in the strand either single or double strand. Oxidative stress can also cause modifications in normal mechanisms of cell signaling. DNA mutation can result in a number of genetic abnormalities such as cancer, heart failure, Alzheimer’s disease, and depression. Human body has special protection in the form of antioxidant molecules and enzymes against these free radicals. Generation of ROS and its neutralization must be regulated to protect cells and signalling biomolecules from the deleterious effect of oxidative stress with the involvement of antioxidant systems, enzymes, and specific proteins. DNA repair system is a complex system which helps in the identification, removal of the wrong nucleotide and repairs them and as a result, the cell will produce correct and functional protein and active enzyme.

COPPER AS AN ANSWER ON THE IMPACT OF OXYDESS STRESS ON THE EYES

2018 ◽  
Vol 172 (52) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kempka ◽  
Piotr Kamiński ◽  
Grażyna Malukiewicz ◽  
Maria Bogdzińska
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The eyes are exposed to many factors, that contribute to the deterioration of their condition. These include environmental conditions and the influence of reactive oxygen species ROS and oxidative stress. Research shows, that one of the most important tasks of created in such way state of emergency is maintenance of relative balance between oxidants (contributing to the formation of ROS) and antioxidants (restraining their effect). Some chemical elements, especially copper, play a key role in blocking ROS and presents an overview of information on the impact of oxidative stress on the eyes and the defense mechanisms with the participation of copper.

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