scholarly journals A prediction model of urban counterterrorism based on stochastic strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangwei Qi ◽  
Haifang Li ◽  
Bingcai Chen ◽  
Gulila Altenbek
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Model ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
The State ◽  
Security System ◽  
Security Sector ◽  
Attack Tree ◽  
Attack Graph ◽  
Modern Cities ◽  
Random Strategy ◽  
The Impact

Abstract With ever increasing complexity and intelligence of the modern cities, protecting key public facilities and important targets from any damage is a major challenge for the security sector. In all types of anti-terrorism prediction models, the prediction of attack behaviour is indispensable. Therefore, the attack behaviour model plays an important role in the anti-terrorism security system. This paper builds the attacker’s behaviour model, and carries out the prediction about the possible attack behaviour by the attacker model based on random strategy. According to the attack strategies, analysis and construction of the attack tree and attack graph are carried out based on the state-based stochastic model. The paper describes the security system in detail taking use of the state-based stochastic model method, so as to clarify the state distribution and the transfer relationship between the states of various security resources after threatened by attacks. At the same time, this paper applies the state-based stochastic model to establish the attacker model through the impact of attack on the security system.

scholarly journals Empirical model for analysis of the dynamics of algorithmization (artificial intelligence technology) in the field of security by the example of the USA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Turobov ◽  
M.G. Mironyuk
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
The State ◽  
Security System ◽  
State Security ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Technology ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

How does the state security system evolve under the influence of the artificial intelligence technology? To answer this question, an empirical model is proposed. The model evaluates the state security system (by the example of the USA) using the security consistency parameter, which estimates how the state perceives threats (indicator of threats) and whether the state has the necessary capabilities to counter them (indicator of capabilities) in relation to the artificial intelligence technology. The model (as well as the conceptualization of the artificial intelligence technology in the context of the security domain) provides evidence of how security transformations occur. It serves as a tool for studying the corresponding changes and assessing the state security system. It is necessary to indicate the limitation of the study: we do not consider direct military applications in the field of automation and algorithms (artificial intelligence technology). The validation of the empirical model has been undertaken using the case of the USA (eight-time intervals are subject to analysis, namely: 1999, 2002, 2006, 2010, 2012, 2015, 2017, 2019). With the development of the technology itself, the “interest” of the state and the definition of threats, as well as the rapid growth of the capabilities of the artificial intelligence technology (coincides with the years of maximum progress in computing power and the introduction of new algorithms) are growing, and since 2012, the dynamic has been linear, since more new “discoveries” have contributed to evolutionary rather than “revolutionary” growth trajectory. The developed model is scalable. This feature may be useful in the empirical security studies: the artificial intelligence technology within the model can be replaced with other types of digital technologies (for example, big data, cloud computing or 5 g connection technologies, etc.); thus, empirical models of security consistency under the impact of other technologies can be developed. The approach proposed allows to under take cross-country comparisons with respect to specific types of digital technologies and their interactions with the security domain.

РАДИКАЛИЗАЦИЯ ИДЕОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ СОСТАВЛЯЮЩЕЙ ЭТНОРЕЛИГИОЗНЫХ КОНФЛИКТОВ В СИСТЕМЕ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
A. V. Aleinikov ◽  
G. G. Gazimagomedov ◽  
A. I. Strebkov
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Social Life ◽  
The State ◽  
Security System ◽  
Modern World ◽  
First Case ◽  
Religious Extremism ◽  
Social Interests ◽  
Political Legitimation ◽  
The Impact

This article analyzes the impact of ethno-religious conflict on national security in the context of the radicalization of their ideological component. The nature of ethnoreligious conflicts lies in the unequal position in the system of social coordinates, but at the same time relatively unfree development and restriction of the interest arising from social conditions of life, which receives final social life and satisfaction as a result of its political legitimation, manifested in the form of state support. Every ethnoreligious conflict is a symptom of both the lack of equality and freedom, manifested primarily in ideological radicalization, striving for fundamentalism, extreme forms of conscious and unconscious aggression, reduced from an ideological state to extremist actions, which creates a real danger and threat to social and national security. The growth of ideological tension and subsequent conflict actions reaches the limits beyond which the existing security system either actualizes its protective functions, or seeks to change the degrees of equality and freedom of actualized interest. While in the first case, the state, in an effort to maintain the security system at the same level, uses coercive legal instruments, which manifest themselves in other forms of coercion than before, in the second case, both the normative and social coordinates of the realization of ethnic and religious interest, and then in the second case, both the normative and social coordinates of the realization of ethnic and religious interest and at the same time of the entire existing security system are subject to revision. Understanding by the state of the indisputable fact that in the modern world security is relative to social interests, it allows it to react sensitively to the growth of ethnic and religious tension, to protect these movements from ideological radicalization and ethnic religious extremism.

Russia - European Union: The continuation ofthe sanctions standoff

2017 ◽  
pp. 114-127
Author(s):  
M. Klinova ◽  
E. Sidorova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Economic Sanctions ◽  
Current Data ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Year 2013

The article deals with economic sanctions and their impact on the state and prospects of the neighboring partner economies - the European Union (EU) and Russia. It provides comparisons of current data with that of the year 2013 (before sanctions) to demonstrate the impact of sanctions on both sides. Despite the fact that Russia remains the EU’s key partner, it came out of the first three partners of the EU. The current economic recession is caused by different reasons, not only by sanctions. Both the EU and Russia have internal problems, which the sanctions confrontation only exacerbates. The article emphasizes the need for a speedy restoration of cooperation.

PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN KERUGIAN NEGARA DALAM PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DAERAH

EDUKASI ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendra Karianga
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Regional Finance ◽  
Regional Budget ◽  
State Finance ◽  
Budget Policy ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Sources of revenue and expenditure of APBD (regional budget) can be allocated to finance the compulsory affairs and optional affairs in the form of programs and activities related to the improvement of public services, job creation, poverty alleviation, improvement of environmental quality, and regional economic growth. The implications of these policies is the need for funds to finance the implementation of the functions, that have become regional authority, is also increasing. In practice, regional financial management still poses a complicated issue because the regional head are reluctant to release pro-people regional budget policy, even implication of regional autonomy is likely to give birth to little kings in region causing losses to state finance and most end up in legal proceedings. This paper discusses the loss of state finance and forms of liability for losses to the state finance. The result of the study can be concluded firstly,  there are still many differences in giving meaning and definition of the loss of state finace and no standard definition of state losses, can cause difficulties. The difficulty there is in an effort to determine the amount of the state finance losses. The calculation of state/regions losses that occur today is simply assessing the suitability of the size of the budget and expenditure without considering profits earned by the community and the impact of the use of budget to the community. Secondly, the liability for losses to the state finance is the fulfillment of the consequences for a person to give or to do something in the regional financial management by giving birth to three forms of liability, namely the Criminal liability, Civil liability, and Administrative liability.Keywords: state finance losses, liability, regional finance.

THE ENTERPRISE ECONOMIC SECURITY SYSTEM: THE STATE ASSESSMENT USING MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONAL TYPES

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-200
Author(s):  
Olena Illiashenko ◽  
Yevhenii Rudnichenko ◽  
Tetiana Momot ◽  
Nataliia Havlovska
Keyword(s):  
Economic Security ◽  
State Assessment ◽  
The State ◽  
Security System ◽  
Functional Types

Financial and monetary policy of the State and its impact on the income level and poverty reduction in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 964-990
Author(s):  
N.I. Kulikov ◽  
V.L. Parkhomenko ◽  
Akun Anna Stefani Rozi Mobio
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Policy ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Subject. We assess the impact of tight financial and monetary policy of the government of the Russian Federation and the Bank of Russia on the level of household income and poverty reduction in Russia. Objectives. The purpose of the study is to analyze the results of financial and monetary policy in Russia and determine why the situation with household income and poverty has not changed for the recent six years, and the GDP growth rate in Russia is significantly lagging behind the global average. Methods. The study employs methods of analysis of scientific and information base, and synthesis of obtained data. The methodology and theoretical framework draw upon works of domestic and foreign scientists on economic and financial support to economy and population’s income. Results. We offer measures for liberalization of the financial and monetary policy of the government and the Central Bank to ensure changes in the structure of the Russian economy. The proposed alternative economic and financial policy of the State will enable the growth of real incomes of the population, poverty reduction by half by 2024, and annual GDP growth up to 6 per cent. Conclusions. It is crucial to change budget priorities, increase the salaries of public employees, introduce a progressive tax rate for individuals; to reduce the key rate to the value of annual inflation and limit the bank margin. The country needs a phased program to increase the population's income, which will ensure consumer demand.

The impact of business tourism clustering on the regional economy's development: A Greater Moscow case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1397-1414
Author(s):  
K.S. Golondarev
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Private Investors ◽  
The Impact

Subject. This article explores the issues of business tourism clustering in Greater Moscow. Objectives. The article intends to justify the need to create a business tourism cluster in Greater Moscow to improve the investment climate in the region. Methods. For the study, I used a multivariate analysis, forecasting, and extrapolation. Results. The article shows a certain relationship between the efficient functioning of the business tourism cluster and the economy's development. Conclusions and Relevance. Certain types of tourist clusters can serve as platforms for attracting investors and implementing marketing plans. The business tourism cluster is a link between buyers and sellers in various industries. The results of the study can be used to improve the effectiveness of the cluster initiative in business tourism, as well as find ways of cooperation between the State and private investors when creating the business tourism cluster in Greater Moscow.

A PROPOSED EVALUATION PLAN TO ASSESS THE IMPACT OF A YOUTH DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME FACILITATED BY THE STATE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AGENCY (SITA) IN RURAL SOUTH AFRICA

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-181
Author(s):  
Maura Mbunyuza-deHeer Menlah
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Youth Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The State ◽  
State Information ◽  
Evaluation Plan ◽  
Lessons Learnt ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
The Impact

This article reports on a proposed evaluation plan that has been developed to assess the work done by the State Information Technology Agency (SITA). The SITA programme was implemented in response to the South African government’s call to improve the lives of the populations in some rural areas through technology. The programme was meant to address slow development in  rural  areas  that  lack  technological  innovations  and  advances.  In  the proposed evaluation plan a review is made of secondary data, deciding how strategic priorities are to be determined, as well as analysis of the rural context environment. The researcher gives an account of how the evaluation strategies are to be piloted and rolled out thereafter. Lessons learnt are recorded and reported upon. A proposed evaluation plan will be developed, based on the lessons learnt in line with the objectives of the project.

The Right to Housing: Challenges Associated with the ‘Waiting List System’ Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality V Various Occupiers, Eden Park Extension 5 2014 3 SA 23 (SCA)

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-121
Author(s):  
Shamier Ebrahim
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Waiting Lists ◽  
The State ◽  
Waiting List ◽  
Allocation Process ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Court Of Appeal

The right to adequate housing is a constitutional imperative which is contained in section 26 of the Constitution. The state is tasked with the progressive realisation of this right. The allocation of housing has been plagued with challenges which impact negatively on the allocation process. This note analyses Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality v Various Occupiers, Eden Park Extension 51 which dealt with a situation where one of the main reasons provided by the Supreme Court of Appeal for refusing the eviction order was because the appellants subjected the unlawful occupiers to defective waiting lists and failed to engage with the community regarding the compilation of the lists and the criteria used to identify beneficiaries. This case brings to the fore the importance of a coherent (reasonable) waiting list in eviction proceedings. This note further analyses the impact of the waiting list system in eviction proceedings and makes recommendations regarding what would constitute a coherent (reasonable) waiting list for the purpose of section 26(2) of the Constitution.

IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT DEBT ON FINANCIAL SECURITY OF UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Pikaliuk ◽  
◽  
Dmitry Kovalenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
State Budget ◽  
The Public ◽  
Debt Security ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

One of the main criteria for economic development is the size of the public debt and its dynamics. The article considers the impact of public debt on the financial security of Ukraine. The views of scientists on the essence of public debt and financial security of the state are substantiated. An analysis of the dynamics and structure of public debt of Ukraine for 2014-2019. It is proved that one of the main criteria for economic development is the size of public debt and its dynamics. State budget deficit, attracting and using loans to cover it have led to the formation and significant growth of public debt in Ukraine. The volume of public debt indicates an increase in the debt security of the state, which is a component of financial security. Therefore, the issue of the impact of public debt on the financial security of Ukraine is becoming increasingly relevant. The constant growth and large amounts of debt make it necessary to study it, which will have a positive impact on economic processes that will ensure the stability of the financial system and enhance its security.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document