scholarly journals Soil and highbush blueberry responses to fertilization with urea phosphate

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ireneusz Ochmian ◽  
Jan Oszmiański ◽  
Bogusława Jaśkiewicz ◽  
Małgorzata Szczepanek
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
Urea Phosphate ◽  
Second Year ◽  
High Level ◽  
Total Soil Nitrogen

Abstract The low availability of soils with an appropriate pH value (4.2-5.2) is a factor limiting an increase in highbush blueberry acreage. The experiments examined the influence of a physiologically acidic urea phosphate fertilizer on the pH change of the soil and the mineral content in the soil, leaves, and fruit as well as polyphenols in the fruit of two highbush blueberry cultivars – ‘Sunrise’ and ‘Brigitta Blue’. The fertilizer, at doses of 30 and 60 kg of nitrogen per hectare, was used in the experiments in each of the three years of the study. After using 60 kg N ha−1, urea phosphate caused a reduction in soil pH. It also significantly influenced the total soil nitrogen content – the average for the cultivars was 7.40 mg in 2015, while in the control plots – 1.85 mg 100 g−1. These quantities are above the optimum recommended for highbush blueberry. At the same time, low amounts of this ingredient were found in the leaves (‘Sunrise’ – 1.83 mg; ‘Brigitta Blue’ – 1.77 mg 100 g−1). Even after the application of 30 kg of fertilizer in the second year, the phosphorus content in the soil was at a high level (> 4 mg 100 g−1). The amount of phosphorus also increased in the leaves and fruit. Despite considerable quantities of available magnesium in the soil after urea phosphate application, a significant reduction of this component was observed in the leaves and fruit compared to the unfertilized control bushes. The applied fertilizer reduced the amount of polyphenols in the fruit of the tested cultivars.

scholarly journals Chemical and Enzymatic Changes of Different Soils during Their Acidification to Adapt Them to the Cultivation of Highbush Blueberry

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Ireneusz Ochmian ◽  
Karolina Kozos ◽  
Anna Jaroszewska ◽  
Ryszard Malinowski
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Urea Phosphate ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
Enzymatic Changes ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Solutions

Although there has been an increase in the cultivation of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) worldwide for several years now, the availability of suitable soils for this species remains a problem. Highbush blueberry is a plant that requires acidic soils (pH 3.8–5.5), which are well aerated and have a stable level of groundwater and high humus content. In the present study, substances such as urea phosphate fertilizer, sulfur, sulfuric acid, and phosphogypsum were used to acidify three soils: peat, loamy sand, and loamy silt. The study aimed to lower the pH of the tested soils and optimize this parameter to cultivate highbush blueberry. The resulting changes in pH, content of macro- and micro-elements, and enzymatic activity were evaluated. Acidifying substances mitigated peat and loamy sand’s reaction to highbush blueberry requirements, while the reaction of loamy silt was changed only slightly, which made this soil unsuitable for plant cultivation. Sulfur dust acidified the examined soils rapidly and to the highest degree, followed by urea phosphate and phosphogypsum, while the weakest acidification was achieved with sulfuric acid solutions. The salt concentration of the soil was increased the most by the highest dose of phosphogypsum, which indicated that it could not be used to acidify soil for the cultivation of highbush blueberry. Among the acidifying substances, only urea phosphate showed a stimulating effect on the soils’ enzymatic activity, whereas others did not significantly affect or decrease this parameter.

Transcription factor/DNA interactions visualized by electron spectroscopic imaging

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 450-451
Author(s):  
David P. Bazett-Jones ◽  
Mark L. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Electron Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Dna Backbone ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
High Level

A multisubunit RNA polymerase enzyme is ultimately responsible for transcription initiation and elongation of RNA, but recognition of the proper start site by the enzyme is regulated by general, temporal and gene-specific trans-factors interacting at promoter and enhancer DNA sequences. To understand the molecular mechanisms which precisely regulate the transcription initiation event, it is crucial to elucidate the structure of the transcription factor/DNA complexes involved. Electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI) provides the opportunity to visualize individual DNA molecules. Enhancement of DNA contrast with ESI is accomplished by imaging with electrons that have interacted with inner shell electrons of phosphorus in the DNA backbone. Phosphorus detection at this intermediately high level of resolution (≈lnm) permits selective imaging of the DNA, to determine whether the protein factors compact, bend or wrap the DNA. Simultaneously, mass analysis and phosphorus content can be measured quantitatively, using adjacent DNA or tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) as mass and phosphorus standards. These two parameters provide stoichiometric information relating the ratios of protein:DNA content.

DRUG USE DECLINES IN U.S. HIGH SCHOOLS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. A100-A100
Author(s):  
J. F. L.
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
High School Seniors ◽  
High School Dropouts ◽  
School Dropouts ◽  
Second Year ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

The nation's high school seniors are using fewer drugs than any class since 1975, a report from the National Institute on Drug Abuse showed. Researchers said they were particularly encouraged by results showing a drop in cocaine use for the second year in a row, and the beginnings of a reversal in the soaring use of crack, an inexpensive, refined form of cocaine. However, the war against drugs is far from over, with more than half of all students using an illegal substance at least once before graduating, said Charles R. Schuster, NIDA director. Moreover, drug use remains at a very high level among high school dropouts, he said. The survey polled 16,300 high school seniors from 135 schools nationwide.

scholarly journals The impact of cultivation systems on the nutritional and phytochemical content, and microbiological contamination of highbush blueberry

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ireneusz Ochmian ◽  
Magdalena Błaszak ◽  
Sabina Lachowicz ◽  
Renata Piwowarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Conventional Systems ◽  
Organic Fruit ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the nutritional and use value of berries grown in organic and conventional systems. The polyphenol content, fruit colour and firmness, and yeast, mould, and mycotoxin contents were assessed in blueberry fruit freshly harvested and stored for 8 weeks in controlled conditions (CA: CO2-12%; O2-1.5%, temperature 1.5 °C). The Shannon–Wiener diversity index was comparable in both systems and was lower for mould in organic fruit than in conventional fruit. Mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol, zearalenone) were found only in organic fruits. The optimal mineral content and pH of the soil allowed the cultivation of blueberry in accordance with organic standards. The storage of highbush blueberry fruit in CA cold storage for 8 weeks resulted in a slight deterioration in fruit quality and polyphenol content. The lower nutritional value of these fruits is compensated by the lack of pesticides and artificial fertilizers residues. The use of fungicides in conventional cultivation reduces the population of sensitive fungi and therefore reduces the contamination of fruits with mycotoxins.

scholarly journals The effect of meat and bone meal on phosphorus concentrations in soil and crop plants  

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 575-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nogalska ◽  
M. Zalewska
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Experimental Factor ◽  
Second Year

A four-year field experiment was conducted in north-eastern Poland. The aim of the study was to determine the direct and residual effects of increasing doses of meat and bone meal (MBM) on the available phosphorus content of soil and the total phosphorus content in crops above ground biomass or grain. Experimental factor I was MBM dose (1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 t/ha/year, and 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 t/ha/every second year), and experimental factor II was the year of the study (four consecutive years). The application of increasing MBM doses to slightly acidic soil insignificantly decreased its pH, but it did not change soil classification. The use of MBM as a fertilizer increased the levels of available phosphorus, compared to the treatments with mineral fertilization. The grain of winter triticale and winter wheat and the green matter of maize contained higher concentrations of phosphorus after the MBM application, in comparison to the plants receiving mineral fertilization. Phosphorus uptake by winter wheat and maize plants (dry matter basis) was higher in treatments with MBM (in particular applied every second year) than in treatments with NPK fertilization. Irrespective of the frequency of MBM application, phosphorus uptake by winter rapeseed was considerably lower, compared to the control plants.

Establishment and growth of shoots following low and high cutting of lucerne in relation to the pattern of nutrient uptake

1973 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 497 ◽  
Author(s):  
KC Hodgkinson
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Tap Root ◽  
Cutting Frequency ◽  
Net Uptake ◽  
High Level

Lucerne plants (Medicogo sativa cv. Hunter River) were either frequently or infrequently cut down and subsequent differences in shoot regrowth were compared in two experiments. The first experiment demonstrated that differences in final shoot weights arose from differences developed during the first 7 days of regrowth. High level cutting (15 cm) increased the shoot yield of frequently but not of infrequently cut plants. Net uptake of both nitrogen and phosphorus was related to the growth rate of shoots until commencement of flowering, when uptake ceased for c. 15 days even though both roots and shoots continued to gain weight. Towards the end of flowering uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus recommenced and accumulation of both nutrients occurred in the tap-root and lateral roots. The relative nitrogen and phosphorus content of leaves on crown shoots was highest on day 7 and the same for frequently and infrequently cut plants. Leaves on crown and stubble shoots 7 days after high level cutting had a significantly lower relative nitrogen and phosphorus content than leaves on plants cut low. Thereafter the relative nitrogen and phosphorus content of a11 leaves declined with the greatest decline occurring after the commencement of flowering. In the second experiment early morphogenesis of the shoot population was investigated. Establishment of shoots was completed between 3 and 5 days after cutting. Higher shoot weights on infrequently cut plants were accounted for by a larger number of small shoots at the time of cutting. Relative growth rates of shoots did not appear to be influenced by prior cutting frequency. The relative nitrogen content of buds and shoot apices was low at cutting but doubled within 2 or 3 days and then declined after day 7. These results are discussed in relation to the role of 'plant factors' in shoot regrowth of lucerne.

scholarly journals Structure of bovine cytochromecoxidase in the ligand-free reduced state at neutral pH

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangjia Luo ◽  
Kyoko Shinzawa-Itoh ◽  
Kaede Hagimoto ◽  
Atsuhiro Shimada ◽  
Satoru Shimada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Proton Pumping ◽  
Molecular Surface ◽  
Cellular Respiration ◽  
Inner Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
Structural Alterations ◽  
Ligand Free ◽  
Wide Ph Range ◽  
Ph Range

Cytochromecoxidase (CcO), the terminal oxidase in cellular respiration, couples proton pumping to O2reduction. Mammalian CcO resides in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Previously, a model of H-pathway proton pumping was proposed based on various CcO crystal structures. However, all previously determined structures were solved using crystals obtained at pH 5.7, which differs from the environmental pH of CcO in the inner membrane. The structures of fully oxidized and ligand-free reduced CcO at pH 7.3 have now been determined. Structural comparison between the oxidized and reduced states revealed that the structural alterations that occurred upon redox change at pH 5.7 in Asp51, the magnesium-containing cluster, haem groups and helix X, which provide important structural evidence for the H-pathway proton-pumping proposal, also occur at pH 7.3. These structural alterations were restricted to a local region of CcO; no domain movement was detected, nor were significant structural alterations detected in peripheral regions at either pH value. These observations indicate that the small and precise structural alterations that occur over the course of the reaction cycle are not affected by pH change, and that isolated CcO precisely performs proton pumpingviathe H-pathway over a wide pH range. Because the pH is not uniform across the molecular surface of CcO, the fact that the overall structure of CcO is not affected by pH changes ensures the high enzymatic efficiency of this protein in the mitochondria.

scholarly journals In situ monitoring of mechanochemical synthesis of calcium urea phosphate fertilizer cocrystal reveals highly effective water-based autocatalysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2350-2355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick A. Julien ◽  
Luzia S. Germann ◽  
Hatem M. Titi ◽  
Martin Etter ◽  
Robert E. Dinnebier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanochemical Synthesis ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Mechanochemical Reaction ◽  
Quantitative Investigation ◽  
Urea Phosphate ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Effective Water

Using the mechanosynthesis of the fertilizer cocrystal calcium urea phosphate as a model, we provide a quantitative investigation of chemical autocatalysis in a mechanochemical reaction.

Effect of Plant Starch on the Production of Glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 1502-1505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Hong Liang ◽  
Gong Ling Zhao ◽  
Zu Feng Guo ◽  
Yu Tang
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Glucoamylase Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sweet Potato Starch

Abstract. Glucoamylase is an inducible enzyme and generally induced in the presence of starch. Corn starch, wheat starch, sweet potato starch and potato starch were used as the carbon sources to produce the glucoamylase by A. niger FJL0801. The results showed that the maximum glucoamylase activity was 594.511.7 U/mL when 4% sweet potato starch was used as the carbon source, its enzyme activity was increased by 34.9% than potato starch, by 17.2% than wheat starch and by 4.6% than corn starch. In the four media, the adaptive phage of A. niger FJL0801 were all 0-12 h, the logarithmic growth phase all 12-60 h, and the stationary phase all 60-192 h. The maximum biomass of the strain was 1.950.09 μg/mL in the corn starch medium. The glucoamylase activity was inversely proportional to the growth rate of A. niger FJL0801. The final pH value was all within 6.960.057.110.07 in the four midia. There was no significant difference at 0.05 probability level between the pH of the four media at the same fermentation time. The pH change was not the reason for glucoamylase activity by A. niger FJL0801 used different plant starch.

Changes of pH in A2O Process System and its Impact on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal

2012 ◽  
Vol 588-589 ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
Yong Feng Li ◽  
Jian Yu Yang ◽  
Guo Cai Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Process System ◽  
High Level

Simulate sewage were used in an anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic biological nutrient removal system(A2O process), by observing the pHs in different compartments and its reflected changes in nitrogen and phosphorus removal, studied on the effects of different pHs on the removal of pollutants. The experiments indicates that the anaerobic phosphorus release showed the main performance of the decline of pH, denitrification in anoxic zone caused the rise of pH, uptake of phosphate in the aerobic zone mainly caused the continuous rise of pH. There is no evidently changes in COD removal, ammonia nitrogen get the highest removal as the pH value was between 8.0-8.5, when pH was at 6.5-7.5, the TN have the maximum removal rate, TP can keep in a high level when the pH was above 6.0.

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