The pH of soaps, skin care products and cosmetics used in the period of COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
Barbara Nieradko-Iwanicka ◽  
Kornelia Dąbrowska ◽  
Wiktoria Chodun
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Skin Care ◽  
The Body ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Extreme Caution ◽  
The Public ◽  
Outer Cover ◽  
Skin Care Products

Abstract Introduction. Human skin is the outer cover of the body. It performs important functions for the entire organism, such as protection of internal organs. The skin also protects the body against the effects of the external environment, ensures the balance between the environment and the inside of organism. Due to the pandemic, all members of the public are encouraged to frequently wash or disinfect hands, which may lead to skin irritation. Aim. The aim of the study was to check the pH of soaps, skin care products and selected cosmetics used in the period of COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods. For pH determination the CP-105 pH meter manufactured by ELMETRON® (Poland) was used. A total of 111 products available on the Polish market were collected for testing. The results were compared with the pH of tap water samples. Results. The soaps had mean pH of 5.04±1.04, shampoos 6.04±1.57, creams 6.87±0.1, products for depilation 9.8±3.06. All the values were within legal ranges. Conclusion. The majority of skin and hair cosmetics have pH close to the pH of tap water. Chemical hair removal products have the most alkaline pH and therefore, require extreme caution as they can cause irritation.

Generation Z: The Purchase Intention of Green Skin Care Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-83
Author(s):  
Ying San, Lim ◽  
Phing Cai ◽  
Andy Hong ◽  
Tuan Hock, Ng ◽  
Ying Zhee, Lim
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Skin Care ◽  
The Body ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Care Industry ◽  
Generation Z ◽  
Skin Care Products ◽  
The Way

The cosmetics and toiletry industry has growing up very fast. In 2016, the total global revenue cosmetics industry amounted to USD$444 billion. According to Lee, Goh, & Noor ( 2019), the skincare products dominated the cosmetics and toiletry market with a market value of approximately USD$ 120 billion. Between 2012 and 2019, the global skincare market expanded by 41.8 percent, and by 2025, it is expected to be worth $189 billion (Ledesma, 2020). The skin is the largest organ in the body, hence, many people will find ways to protect it, one of the way people are using to protect the skin is to apply any supplement on skin to keep the good condition of the skin. However, according to Cunningham (2014), the used of chemical items in the cosmetic skin care industry is extremely unregulated. For example, Parabens that cause breast cancer are found in cosmetics. The chemical used in the skin care products had rise the attention of the users to start to pay attention on the ingredient of the skin care products. One of the way people are using in order to avoid the harmful chemical in skin care products is to to choose skin care with natural ingredient (Espitia, 2020), this happend especially among the younger consumers (Boon et al., 2020; Hsu et al.,2017). The green skincare industry is growing rapidly. Green skin care, according to previous studies (Fauzi & Hashim, 2015; Hsu et al., 2017), is any skin care products which can preserve or enhance the natural environment by conserving energy or resources and decreasing or eliminating the usage of harmful agents, pollution, and waste. Studies showed there is an increasing in the consumption of green skincare products and toiletries by 45%, from a peak of RM 1.6 billion (in 1998) to RM 2.2 billion (in 2010), with sales estimated to exceed $1.1 billion in 2010 among young people (Boon et al., 2020). Keywords: Green Skin Care, Generation Z, Theory Of Planned Behaviour

Health Information via Mass Media: Study of the Individual's Concepts of the Body and its Parts

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 991-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucille Hollander Blum
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Health Information ◽  
The Body ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
The Public ◽  
Media Study ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Personal Perceptions ◽  
The Mass Media ◽  
Carry Over

This paper questions whether the mass media perform an adequate service in attempting to “educate” the public in health matters. The author contends that adults are not as responsive as they could be because of certain learning blocks influenced by carry-over of thoughts and feelings from childhood. To explore the aforementioned contention 87 highly educated adults, 21 to 51 yr. of age, were requested to outline the body and also draw and label the internal organs. Such data may be used to evaluate knowledge as well as reflect personal perceptions relative to the body. The eight organs drawn most frequently were heart, lungs, stomach, intestines, liver, kidneys, brain, sex organs. These were assessed for correctness of placement. Although considerable latitude was allowed in judging “correctness” many errors were observed. The majority of the drawings were crude, child-like statements of the body and its parts. The implication is that people have to be “ready” for what they hear and see to profit from efforts of the mass media.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Product Quality and Purchase Intention on Women’s Skin Care Products in Sri Lanka, with Special Reference to Anuradhapura District

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
Thilini Nadeesha Senavirathne ◽  
V Kumaradeepan
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Skin Care ◽  
The Body ◽  
Purchasing Intention ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Skin Care Products ◽  
Beauty Products

Most women liked to keep their appearance in superb condition, and not enough consideration was given to the harm and dangerous effects being made to the body and the person. The problem was the basis for the research. This study attempted to gain knowledge about product quality towards purchase intention on Women’s skin care products in Sri Lanka with special reference to Anuradhapura District. Based on the literature review, the study found out that most of the product quality was strongly related to purchasing intention procedure. This research was an exploratory type of research with a qualitative prospective, and the population of the study consisted of above 15 years old women of the Anuradhapura District. Data collection has been undertaken as an anonymous survey for a week. Randomly selected the lady customers who use beauty products and attend to beauty centers located in Anuradhapura District. A total of 150 questionnaires were distributed to female cosmetic consumers aged between 15-65. Statistical package for social science (SPSS) 16.0 are used for statistical analysis, and the survey analyzed descriptively using tables, frequencies, and percentages. The research results showed a positive and significant relationship between product quality and purchase intention on women’s skin care products in Sri Lanka. Further suggestions were provided by the researcher.

scholarly journals What is the pH, Fe and Cl2 content of cosmetics we use? – a pilot study on safety of skin care products

2017 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
Barbara Nieradko-Iwanicka ◽  
Katarzyna Chrobok ◽  
Justyna Skolarczyk ◽  
Joanna Pekar
Keyword(s):  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
The Body ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Fe Content ◽  
External Agents ◽  
Chronic Skin ◽  
Skin Care Products

Abstract Introduction. The skin is one of the largest organs of the body protecting from external insults in order to maintain homeostasis. It plays many roles: in thermal, electrolyte, hormonal, metabolic, and immune regulation. Proper pH of skin plays a role in creation of skin barrier and resistance to external agents. Cl2 and Fe may irritate skin. If noxious factors are strong, they damage the tissues under the skin. When the insult is severe enough to overwhelm the protective function of the skin, it may manifest itself with acute or chronic skin injury. Therefore, it is important to know if the used skin products are safe. Aim. The objective of the study was to determine pH, Cl2 and Fe content in selected cosmetics. Material and methods. A total of 62 skin product samples were collected and divided into 4 groups: I soaps and gels, II hair cosmetics, III creams and balms, IV facial cosmetics. The pH, Cl2 and Fe content in each sample was determined three times and means were calculated. Data were analyzed with one way ANOVA followed by Tukey test. P<0.05 was considered significant. Results. The pH in group III was significantly higher than in the other groups. Fe content was significantly higher in hair cosmetics as well as in creams and balms. Cl2 content was high in soaps and hair cosmetics. Conclusions. The majority of the analyzed samples had pH within the healthy range. Traces of Cl2 and Fe present in cosmetics are unlikely to cause skin irritation.

STUDIES IN THE SUPPOSED GOITROGENOUS EFFECT OF TAP WATER IN HELSINKI

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (IV) ◽  
pp. 630-636
Author(s):  
F.-E. Krusius ◽  
P. Peltola
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Iodine Uptake ◽  
Redistilled Water ◽  
Detectable Difference ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Long Term Experiment

ABSTRACT The study reported here was performed in order to examine the tap water of Helsinki for its alleged goitrogenous effect. In a short-term, 24-hour experiment with rats, kept on an iodine-poor diet, we noticed no inhibition of the 4-hour 131I uptake, as compared with that of animals receiving physiological saline instead of tap water. Two similar groups of rats receiving 1 and 2 mg of mercazole in redistilled water showed a distinct blockage of the 4-hour uptake, which proved the effect of this substance. In a long-term experiment of 5 weeks' duration there was no detectable difference in the body weight, thyroid weight and the 4-hour 131I uptake when the rats receiving tap water or distilled water to which 0.45 per cent of sodium chloride was added were compared with each other. Replacement of tap water by a 10 mg per cent solution of mercazole in redistilled water enlarged the thyroid to double its normal weight and increased the 131I uptake to approximately five times that of the controls. Thus our experiments failed to demonstrate any goitrogenous effect in the tap water of Helsinki. Changes similar to those produced by a long-term administration of mercazole, i. e. an enlargement of the thyroid and an increased thyroidal iodine uptake, have been shown to be due to milk collected from goitrous areas. The observations here reported confirm the importance of milk in the genesis of the goitre endemia of Helsinki. Attention is further called to the fact that a thyroidal enlargement combined with an increased thyroidal iodine uptake cannot always be taken as a sign of iodine deficiency because similar changes may be produced by the administration of goitrogens.

IMPLEMENTATION OF FATWA ULAMA COUNCIL ACEH CONCERNING MAINTAINING FARDHU KIFAYAH FOR THE MUSLIM’S CORPSE INFECTED BY COVID 19 IN BANDA ACEH

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andri Nirwana
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Infected People ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
Banda Aceh

Abstract: The phenomenon of the people who forcibly took covid's corpse 19 from the hospital to be taken care of by Fardhu Kifayah by his family and the community, became a conclusion that there was community doubt about the management of Tajhiz Mayat conducted by the hospital. Coupled with the circulation of the video of the Ruku movement 'in the corpse prayer conducted by unscrupulous parties at the Hospital, became added doubts from the public against the hospital. To solve this problem, this research uses a Descriptive Analysis approach, namely by formulating a question, namely How to arrange Covid 19's body in Banda Aceh and this question will be answered with several theories and data sets from the field. So it was concluded in a conclusion that answered the formulation of the problems mentioned. Theoretically the spread of covid 19 is very fast, the size of the virus is only 0.1 micrometer and is in body fluids, especially nasopharyngeal fluid and oropharyngeal fluids of infected people, fluids in the body of covid 19 bodies can get out through every gap of the body such as mouth, nose, eye and rectum, because it requires special techniques in its management. Fardhu kifayah to covid 19 bodies should be carried out by trained Ustad and trained health workers, so that the spread stopped. The results of this study concluded that the management of the Moslem bodies died at Zainal Abidin Hospital in Banda Aceh was in accordance with the Fatwa of the Aceh Ulama Council (MPU) and the bodies were handled by trained Ustad and health workers.

The effectiveness of use of enterosorbent Shelltic Es when rearing of young pigs

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
S. Grikshas ◽  
N. Kulmakova ◽  
K. Spitsyna ◽  
A. Dar’in ◽  
T. Mittelshtein
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Carcinogenic Effects ◽  
Experimental Group

Mycotoxins have been formed in feed are secondary metabolites of fungi and are quite stable substances that have teratogenic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. An effective way to combat mycotoxins in feed is the use of feed additives that adsorb toxins, prevent their absorption in the gastrointestinal tract of the animal and are excreted from the body. The infl uence of coconut enterosorbent Shelltic Es on fattening and meat qualities of young pigs has been studied. It has been found in the process of fattening that the highest feed digestibility was in pigs of the experimental group, in the diet of which enterosorbent has been added. The results of studies of the chemical composition and technological properties of pork have been provided. The positive eff ect of enterosorbent on precocity, absolute average daily gain of live weight and reduction of feed expenditures per 1 kg of gain has been revealed. In pigs from the experimental group the average thickness of the fat was higher and the area of the “muscle eye” was lower compared with animals of the control group, which indicates that higher rates of carcass yield have been obtained due to faster accumulation of fat tissue. The weight of internal organs of pigs indicates the intensity of metabolic processes in the body. In experimental animals the weight of the lungs was 0,1 kg lower, and the liver and heart were higher by 0,13 and 0,01 kg, respectively. Enterosorbent had no effect on the content of vitamins in the liver of pigs of the compared groups. The content of impurities of organochlorine toxicants and toxic elements in the meat and liver of animals of the experimental group was lower than that of control analogues. Therefore, the use of enterosorbent Shelltic Es promotes more active excretion of them from the body.

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