The content of lead in herbal drugs and tea samples

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biljana Kaličanin ◽  
Dragan Velimirović
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Herbal Drug ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Microanalytical Technique ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Potentiometric Stripping Analysis ◽  
Living Organisms

AbstractHeavy metals are highly toxic to living organisms even in low concentrations owing to their cumulative effect. In this study the overall content of lead in herbal drugs was determined, as well as the content of lead which was released from tested drugs during the preparation of tea drinks. To determine the content of toxic lead, the highly sensitive microanalytical technique of the potentiometric stripping analysis (PSA) with oxygen as the oxidant was used. The lowest overall content of lead was detected for chamomile and ranged from 0.73 to 0.77 µg/g, while the greatest content of lead was determined in the samples of the frangula bark, and yielded approximately 3 µg/g. The lead content in the prepared tea drinks ranged from 0.26 to 1.23 µg/g and depended on the manner in which tea drink was prepared. All of the herbal drugs in this study contain a certain amount of the toxic metal lead, but at the same time, the contents were below the levels prescribed for this metal. The content of lead released from the herbal drug into the tea drink was three to five times lower than those of the overall content of this metal.

scholarly journals Bioavailability of heavy metals in the soil from different locations of medicinal herbs

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biljana Kaličanin ◽  
Dragan Velimirović ◽  
Ivana Arsić ◽  
Sofija Đorđević
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Medicinal Herbs ◽  
Microanalytical Technique ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Potentiometric Stripping Analysis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Plant Growing Season

SUMMARY Medicinal herbs and their mixtures, which are widely used for prevention and treatment of some disease, can also present health risks due to the presence of toxic metals such as Pb and Cd. The application of different agrotechnical practices during plant growing season, as well as the process of circulation of substances in nature, may be the cause of plant contamination. The aim of this study was to determine the content of lead, cadmium and copper from soil which are bioavailable for absorption by plant, as well as the total content of these metals in some medicinal herbs that were cultivated in two different locations. The presence of these metals in the samples was detected using highly sensitive microanalytical technique potentiometric stripping analysis (PSA). The mean value of lead total content in the analyzed samples of medicinal herbs Chamimillae flos, Urticae folium, Menthae folium, Altheae radix and Basilici herba, which were grown at the sites near the industrial zone, was about 1.55 μg/g, 1.82 μg/g, 1.90 μg/g, 1.99 μg/g and 2.74 μg/g, respectively. Contrary to this, the total content of this toxic metal in the analyzed plant samples grown on rural areas was detected only on some sites. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that medicinal herbs contained a certain amount of lead and that its content varied depending on the location at which the plant species were grown as well as on plant affinity to certain metal. Cadmium and copper were not detected in the tested plant material.

scholarly journals Insights into Sorption–Mineralization Mechanism for Sustainable Granular Composite of MgO-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-CO2 Based on Nanosized Adsorption Centers and Its Effect on Aqueous Cu(II) Removal

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Alla G. Morozova ◽  
Tatiana M. Lonzinger ◽  
Vadim A. Skotnikov ◽  
Gennady G. Mikhailov ◽  
Yury Kapelyushin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Defect Formation ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Reverse Migration ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Copper Sorption ◽  
Temporary Binder

Although copper is needed for living organisms at low concentrations, it is one of the pollutants that should be monitored along with other heavy metals. A novel and sustainable composite mineralizing sorbent based on MgO-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-CO2 with nanosized adsorption centers was synthesized using natural calcium–magnesium carbonates and clay aluminosilicates for copper sorption. An organometallic modifier was added as a temporary binder and a source of inovalent ions participating in the reactions of defect formation and activated sintering. The sorbent-mineralizer samples of specified composition and properties showed irreversible sorption of Cu2+ ions by the ion exchange reactions Ca2+ ↔ Cu2+ and Mg2+ ↔ Cu2+. The topochemical reactions of the ion exchange 2OH− → CO32−, 2OH− → SO42− and CO32− → SO42− occurred at the surface with formation of the mixed calcium–copper carbonates and sulfates structurally connected with aluminosilicate matrix. The reverse migration of ions to the environment is blocked by the subsequent mineralization of the newly formed interconnected aluminosilicate and carbonate structures.

scholarly journals A comparative analysis of heavy metals present in cigarette and cigarette leachate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Michal ◽  
Anu Maria ◽  
Krishnakumar Velayudhannair ◽  
Xavier Vincent ◽  
Divya K. Radhakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystem ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Cigarette Butts ◽  
Leaching Behaviour ◽  
Local Water ◽  
Living Organisms

Abstract Smoked cigarette and butts are the most common forms of litter globally. The local water bodies and their compartments have been severely polluted by the accumulation of these litters and the cumulative effect of many cigarette butts littered in a centralised area may present a significant threat to the living organisms. It is essential to study the leaching behaviour of cigarettes to understand how the heavy metals are leached out into the aquatic ecosystem. In this context, we determined the concentration of different metals (such as Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, Sn, Zn & Hg) leached from the different brands of unsmoked and smoked cigarette and cigarette butts by using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The results revealed that the amounts of heavy metal are higher in butt samples (USB and SB) of both cigarette and leachate irrespective of brands, compared to the tobacco part of the cigarette and the concentrations of certain toxic heavy metals in cigarettes were significantly different between cigarette brands tested. These results suggest that cigarette litter was found to be one of the major sources of metal contamination in the aquatic ecosystem and apparent leaching may increase the risk of toxicity to aquatic organisms.

scholarly journals A review on heavy metals biosorption in the environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 225-236
Author(s):  
Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole ◽  
Binta Buba Adamu ◽  
Emmanuel Olalekan Oladoja ◽  
Adeoluwa Nancy Balogun ◽  
Banke Mary Okunlola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Process Improvement ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Metal Affinity ◽  
Inorganic Substances ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Living Organisms

Heavy metal refers to any metallic chemical element that has a relatively high density and is toxic or poisonous at low concentrations. Examples of heavy metals include mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), thallium (Tl) and lead (Pb). Little amounts of some heavy metals are needed by living organisms, however excessive levels of these metals can be harmful to the organisms due to their level of toxicity and accumulation behaviour. Different methods such as electrodeposition, electrocoagulation and nanofiltration system have been used to decontaminate the environment from adverse effect of these pollutants yet most of the methods used are ineffective. Biosorption is the removal of organic and inorganic substances from solution by biological material. Cheap biosorbents for the removal of metals are bacteria, fungi, algae, plants, industrial wastes and agricultural wastes. There are many mechanisms involved in biosorption some of which are not fully understood, examples are precipitation, ion exchange, complexation and adsorption. The efficiency of biosorption depends on many factors such as, temperature, characteristics of the biomass, pH, surface area to volume ratio, metal affinity to the biosorbent, concentration and characteristics of the biomass. Compared to other methods biosorption is operated over a wide range of physiochemical conditions and it uses naturally rich renewable biomaterials that can be cheaply produced. However, the potential for biological process improvement (for example through genetic engineering of cells) is restricted because cells are not metabolizing. Biosorption is in its developmental stages and further improvement in both performance and costs can be expected in future.

The Effect of Active Principles of Lyophilized Garlic and Chlorella on Reduction of Tissue Bioaccumulation and Lead Antagonism to Zinc in Carassius gibelio

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 2006-2009
Author(s):  
Marioara Nicula ◽  
Nicolae Pacala ◽  
Isidora Radulov ◽  
Mirela Ahmadi ◽  
Dorel Dronca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Carassius Gibelio ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Living Organisms

In living organisms lead is classified as potential toxic metal, and in high concentration can produce intoxication with the alteration of some vital organs, especially liver and kidney. In aquatic environment lead can be absorbed by fishes and other organisms, with different distribution in various tissues. Our aim of experiment was to verify and demonstrate the protective effect of lyophilized garlic and chlorella against bioaccumulation of lead in fishes living in aquatic environment deliberated polluted with lead. Thus, lyophilized garlic and chlorella administrated as supplements in fodder for fishes (Carassius gibelio) diminished the antagonistic effect of lead against zinc in all tested tissues: liver, kidney, heart, brain, ovary, testis, muscles myotome � epaxial, skin � with scales, gills, and intestine.

scholarly journals The Effect of Granular Activated Carbon and Biochar on the Availability of Cu and Zn to Hordeum sativum Distichum in Contaminated Soil

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 841
Author(s):  
Marina Burachevskaya ◽  
Saglara Mandzhieva ◽  
Tatiana Bauer ◽  
Tatiana Minkina ◽  
Vishnu Rajput ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Sorption ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Cu And Zn

The presence of heavy metals in the soil could impose serious problems on soil-plant systems due to the accumulation of heavy metals in plants. Even vital elements such as Cu and Zn have a toxic effect in the case of excessive intake by living organisms. The present work aimed to investigate the content of loosely bound (exchangeable, complexed, and specifically sorbed) compounds of Cu and Zn and their availability to spring barley (Hordeum sativum distichum) in contaminated Haplic Chernozem soil under the conditions of a model experiment (five approximate permissible concentrations (APC) and 10 APC of metal). Changes in the bioavailability of the metals upon application of carbon sorbents were observed. An increase in loosely bound metal compounds has been shown under conditions of soil contamination with metals (up to 57% of the total content). The increase in the availability of Cu in the soil was mainly due to the formation of complexed metal forms with organic matter (up to 17%). The availability of Zn was found to be associated with an increase in exchangeable (up to 21%) and specifically sorbed compounds (up to 27%). Granular activated carbon (GAC) and biochar have high sorption properties. A decrease in the content of loosely bound compounds of metals was established, especially in the most mobile forms such as exchangeable and complexed forms. The introduction of sorbents into the soil opened up a new venue for binding heavy metals in situ, eventually leading to a decrease in their bioavailability. The inactivation of Cu and Zn in the soil upon the application of sorbents led to a decrease in metal absorption by spring barley. The highest efficiency of biochar application was established at a dose of 2.5% and 5% in soil contaminations of 5 APC and 10 APC of Cu or Zn. The efficiency of the use of sorbents was more influenced by the dose of application than by the type of sorbent. There was no significant difference between biochar and GAC. Stabilization and inactivation of metals may improve soil fertility and plant growth.

scholarly journals Metal(loid) speciation and transformation by aerobic methanotrophs

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Obulisamy Parthiba Karthikeyan ◽  
Thomas J. Smith ◽  
Shamsudeen Umar Dandare ◽  
Kamaludeen Sara Parwin ◽  
Heetasmin Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Environmental Cost ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metal ◽  
Food Web Interactions ◽  
Climate Regulation ◽  
Aerobic Methanotrophs ◽  
Long Term Impact

AbstractManufacturing and resource industries are the key drivers for economic growth with a huge environmental cost (e.g. discharge of industrial effluents and post-mining substrates). Pollutants from waste streams, either organic or inorganic (e.g. heavy metals), are prone to interact with their physical environment that not only affects the ecosystem health but also the livelihood of local communities. Unlike organic pollutants, heavy metals or trace metals (e.g. chromium, mercury) are non-biodegradable, bioaccumulate through food-web interactions and are likely to have a long-term impact on ecosystem health. Microorganisms provide varied ecosystem services including climate regulation, purification of groundwater, rehabilitation of contaminated sites by detoxifying pollutants. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of methanotrophs, a group of bacteria that can use methane as a sole carbon and energy source, to transform toxic metal (loids) such as chromium, mercury and selenium. In this review, we synthesise recent advances in the role of essential metals (e.g. copper) for methanotroph activity, uptake mechanisms alongside their potential to transform toxic heavy metal (loids). Case studies are presented on chromium, selenium and mercury pollution from the tanneries, coal burning and artisanal gold mining, respectively, which are particular problems in the developing economy that we propose may be suitable for remediation by methanotrophs.

scholarly journals Highly Sensitive AgNP/MWCNT/Nafion Modified GCE-Based Sensor for the Determination of Heavy Metals in Organic and Non-organic Vegetables

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley Tiong Palisoc ◽  
Michelle Tiamzon Natividad ◽  
Nico De Jesus ◽  
Joshua Carlos
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Organic Vegetables

scholarly journals Influence of Metal-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strain K1 on the Alleviation of Chromium Stress in Wheat

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanrong Zeng ◽  
Munazza Zahoor ◽  
Muhammad Waseem ◽  
Alia Anayat ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Aureus Strain ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Cr Toxicity ◽  
Living Organisms

Chromium (Cr) is recognized as a toxic metal that has detrimental effects on living organisms; notably, it is discharged into soil by various industries as a result of anthropogenic activities. Microbe-assisted phytoremediation is one of the most emergent and environmentally friendly methods used for the detoxification of pollutants. In this study, the alleviative role of Staphylococcus aureus strain K1 was evaluated in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Cr stress. For this, various Cr concentrations (0, 25, 50 and 100 mg·kg−1) with and without peat-moss-based bacterial inoculum were applied in the soil. Results depicted that Cr stress reduced the plants’ growth by causing oxidative stress in the absence of S. aureus K1 inoculation. However, the application of S. aureus K1 regulated the plants’ growth and antioxidant enzymatic activities by reducing oxidative stress and Cr toxicity through conversion of Cr6+ to Cr3+. The Cr6+ uptake by wheat was significantly reduced in the S. aureus K1 inoculated plants. It can be concluded that the application of S. aureus K1 could be an effective approach to alleviate the Cr toxicity in wheat and probably in other cereals grown under Cr stress.

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