Antioxidant dynamics in the live animal and implications for ruminant health and product (meat/milk) quality: role of vitamin E and selenium

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surinder S. Chauhan ◽  
Pietro Celi ◽  
Eric N. Ponnampalam ◽  
Brian J. Leury ◽  
Fan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Supplementation ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
The Impact

The global population is predicted to grow to over 9 billion by the middle of 21st century, with 70% of people living in urban areas, and food demand is projected to grow by 70% by 2050. Climate change presents a series of challenges for global animal agriculture. As a result of thermal challenges associated with climate variability, availability of quality pasture, animal behaviour, physiological and immunological functions are potentially impacted. Oxidative status plays an important role in the regulation and maintenance of several physiological and immunological functions of the body. Ruminants are exposed to several environmental and metabolic challenges that can trigger oxidative stress. In this scenario, it is possible for an increase in free radical production and a depletion of antioxidant reserves, resulting in damage to lipids, proteins and DNA. Since oxidative stress can affect animal health and the quality of their products (meat/milk), antioxidant supplementation of ruminant diets represents a useful tool to sustain redox homeostasis when the ruminants are exposed to oxidative stress. This paper will examine the roles that oxidative stress plays in some physiological functions, and it will discuss the implications of antioxidant supplementation on ruminant health and production. Physiological levels of dietary antioxidants underpin efficient energy utilisation, optimal antioxidant potential, and balanced mitochondrial function to enhance protein deposition without impacting animal health. The research conducted over the last decade has improved the understanding of physiological functions of antioxidants, with selenium and vitamin E receiving particular attention. There is evidence that the functions of selenium and vitamin E extend beyond the classical antioxidant properties to immunomodulation especially when administered at higher doses than recommended. Improving the oxidative status of ruminants will play an important role in delivering high-quality milk and meat products to consumers. Considering the growing awareness among consumers of the benefits of antioxidant-rich food, there is a great opportunity for the livestock industries to focus on producing antioxidant-enriched milk and meat products or functional foods. Therefore, the premise of this paper is to review the recent developments in understanding antioxidant dynamics in ruminants and their role in reducing the impact of environmental stress and metabolic diseases. In addition, the paper will explore the putative implications that antioxidant supplementation has on the quality animal products and how the improved understanding can be best utilised to achieve efficient and sustainable animal production systems to ensure quality animal products for human consumption.

Оrganic Meat Production of Broiler Chickens Hubbard Redbro Cross

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
The Impact

This article presents the results of studying the impact of housing and feeding conditions on broiler chickens of Hubbard RedBro cross, as well as the quality of products obtained when using floor and cage content, in a farm. It established that when receiving a mixed feed of own production using feed raw materials grown on a farm without the use of pesticides, a statistically significant decrease in potentially dangerous substances for animal health is recorded. Compared with factory feed, it has reduced the content of pesticides by 14 times, and mercury and arsenic by 24 times, cadmium by five times, and lead by ten times. The results of the study of economic indicators of growing Hubbard RedBro cross broiler chickens, as well as the chemical composition and quality of carcasses, indicated that there was no significant difference between the floor and cell conditions of keeping. Still, the use of a diet based on eco-feeds contributed to a statistically significant decrease in the concentration of toxic metals in the muscles of the poultry of the experimental groups. As a result, it found that the use of the studied compound feed in the diets of broiler chickens increased the indicators of Biosafety and ensured the production of environmentally safe ("organic") poultry meat products.

Functionality and genomics of selenium and vitamin E supplementation in ruminants

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Chauhan ◽  
F. Liu ◽  
B. J. Leury ◽  
J. J. Cottrell ◽  
P. Celi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Multiple Functions ◽  
Function Discovery

Selenium (Se) and vitamin E are essential micronutrients for animal health and production. The major function of both Se and vitamin E is to prevent the oxidative damage of biological membranes and they can influence growth, reproduction, immune function, health, and product quality in ruminants. Both Se and vitamin E are important for maintaining low cellular and systemic concentrations of reactive oxygen species and lipid hydroperoxides, to ensure optimum cellular function. Discovery of various selenoproteins and vitamin E-responsive genes has contributed significantly to improving our understanding about multiple functions of Se and vitamin E. There is evidence that these functions extend beyond the classical antioxidant properties to immunomodulation and intracellular cell signalling and gene regulation. Research in recent years has also shown that supranutritional supplementation of Se and vitamin E is required to improve the performance of ruminants under certain stressful conditions such as heat stress and during transition period. Considering the growing awareness among consumers of the benefits of antioxidant-rich food, there is a great opportunity for the livestock industries to focus on producing antioxidant-enriched milk and meat products or functional foods. The present review focuses on the recent developments in understanding multiple functions of Se and vitamin E at the cellular and molecular level and the effects of supranutritional supplementation on ruminant performance. In addition, the paper also articulates the potential opportunities to produce functional foods enriched with antioxidants, and underlines the need for optimum supplementation of these micronutrients for efficient ruminant production.

scholarly journals The Effect of Vitamin E on Oxidative Stress Indicated by Serum Malondialdehyde in Insulin-dependent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Retinopathy

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irini P. Chatziralli ◽  
George Theodossiadis ◽  
Prodromos Dimitriadis ◽  
Michail Charalambidis ◽  
Antonios Agorastos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
The Impact

Background:Several studies have focused on oxidative stress on diabetes mellitus (DM). Our purpose was to investigate the impact of oxidative stress on progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in insulin-dependenttype 2DM patients, measuring serum malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as to examine the effect of vitamin E on DR progression in the above-mentioned patients.Methods:Participants in the study were 282 insulin-dependenttype 2DM patients with DR. All participants underwent a thorough ophthalmological examination, so as to grade DR, along with serum MDA measurement. All participants received 300mg vitamin E daily for 3 months and were examined again. Serum MDA pre- and post-intake of Vitamin E was the main outcome.Results:Serum MDA was positively associated with DR stage, while there was a statistically significant difference pre- and post-intake of vitamin E in all DR stages. In a subgroup analysis of patients with proliferative DR, there was a significant difference at baseline between patients who have received prior laser photocoagulation and the treatment naïve patients, while after intake of vitamin E, no statistically significant difference was noticed.Conclusion:Oxidative stress has been found to play significant role in the pathogenesis and progression of DR, while vitamin E seems to reduce MDA levels and subsequent oxidative stress, suggesting that it might have protective role in DR progression.

scholarly journals Role of Anti-oxidants in the Treatment of Vitiligo

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Sudha Agrawal ◽  
Tapan Kumar Dhali ◽  
Shankar Kumr Majhi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Antioxidant Supplementation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Introduction: The role of free radicals and oxidative damage in the pathophysiology of vitiligo has been documented in recent studies. Antioxidant supplementation has been reported to be useful in the treatment of vitiligo. Objective: To evaluate the role of oral antioxidants supplementation therapy in the treatment of vitiligo by assessing the onset of repigmentation and oxidative stress. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 cases of vitiligo randomized into two groups: antioxidant and placebo comprising 40 patients each and were followed up for 8 weeks for the assessment of onset of repigmentation of vitiliginous lesions as primary outcome.  The activities of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Vitamin C, and Vitamin E in serum and of Catalase (CAT) in erythrocytes of patients at baseline and at end of eight weeks were also assessed by using the spectrophotometric assay. Results: The onset of repigmentation was noted significantly earlier among the anti-oxidant group as compared to the placebo group (p=0.015). At the baseline, between the two groups, no significant difference was found in the different biochemical parameters. However, at the end of 2 months the level of MDA (p<0.001) was found to be significantly lower and that of Vitamin E (p<0.001) and CAT (p=0.005) was significantly higher among the anti-oxidants group as compared to the placebo group. Conclusion: Antioxidant supplementation carried a better response in terms of early onset of repigmentation and significant decrease in the oxidative stress, in the short follow up of two months.

scholarly journals Effects of Low ω6:ω3 Ratio in Sow Diet and Seaweed Supplement in Piglet Diet on Performance, Colostrum and Milk Fatty Acid Profiles, and Oxidative Status

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2049
Author(s):  
Thi Xuan Nguyen ◽  
Alessandro Agazzi ◽  
Marcello Comi ◽  
Valentino Bontempo ◽  
Invernizzi Guido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Weaning Piglets ◽  
Plasma Leptin ◽  
The Impact

The ratio of omega-6 (ω6) to omega-3 (ω3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the diet contributes to animal health and performance modulations because they have mostly opposite physiological functions. Increasing ω3 PUFAs content in the maternal diet can stimulate antioxidative capacity in sow and piglets; however, the optimal ratio of ω6 and ω3 PUFAs in the sow diet is still under discussion. Rich sources of bioactive constituents such as brown seaweed are an excellent supplementation to promote animal health and antioxidant status. However, the knowledge of the effects of this compound, specifically in post-weaning piglets, is still limited. Moreover, the combined effect of a low ω6:ω3 PUFAs ratio in sow diet and seaweed supplementation in post-weaning piglets’ diet has never been studied. This research aims to assess the combined effect of a low ω6:ω3 ratio in sow diets and seaweed supplementation in piglet diets on their growth and oxidative status. We also assessed the impact of a low ω6:ω3 ratio in the maternal diet on reproduction, milk fatty acid (FA) profile, and plasma leptin concentration. Two sow diets (n = 8 each) contained either a control ratio (CR, 13:1 during gestation, starting from day 28 (G28) and 10:1 during lactation) or a low ratio (LR, 4:1 from G28 until the end of lactation (L-End)) of ω6:ω3 FA by adding soybean oil or linseed oil, respectively. Reproductive performance was evaluated. Colostrum and milk at lactation day 7 (L7) and L-End were collected to analyze FA profile. Plasma was collected at G28, G79, G108, L7, L14, and L-End for determination of leptin and oxidative status. At weaning, 20 male piglets were selected per sow group to form 4 diet treatments (n = 10 each), which were supplemented with or without 4 g/kg seaweed. Recording of growth performance and collection of blood were performed at days 0, 7, 15, and 21 of post-weaning for oxidative status. LR diet increased (p < 0.05) the survival rate of piglets at weaning, and individual and litter weight gains. Colostrum and milk at L7 and L-End had lower (p < 0.05) ω6:ω3 ratio in LR sows. Interaction between dietary treatments on sows and piglets was revealed for all examined growth parameters at most time points (p < 0.05). LR diet did not affect plasma leptin levels and oxidative status. These findings suggest that the seaweed supplement during post-weaning could not improve growth rate and oxidative status of piglets born from mothers receiving a low dietary ω6:ω3 ratio (4:1) during gestation and lactation. However, this low ratio was beneficial for weaning survival rate, sucking piglets’ weight gain, and ω3 enrichment in colostrum and milk.

The Changes of Oxidative Status Markers in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Hiv/Aids-Associated Lung`S Tuberculosis after the Course of Treatment

10.12737/5919 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
Ясинский ◽  
R. Yasinskiy ◽  
Литвиненко ◽  
E. Litvinenko
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Pathogenetic Therapy ◽  
Protein Peroxidation ◽  
Hiv Aids

The changes in oxidative status indicators in patients with newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS-associated pulmonary tuberculosis after the treatment depending on the course of the therapy were evaluated. It was found the increasing in the levels of protein peroxidation markers in spontaneous and induced oxidation and of lipid peroxidation markers in patients who treated with standard anti-TB and antiretroviral therapy in the dynamics. Its indicates the rise of the oxidative stress severity and disruption of adaptive-compensatory mechanisms, that exacerbates the disease. There were decreased levels of oxidative stress markers in dynamics and in comparison with indicators of other patients after 3 months of treatment in patients, who received the additional treatment with additional pathogenetic therapy with the inclusion of Contrycal, Glutoxim and laser therapy. The antioxidant protection indicators in patients, who received the additional pathogenetic treatment returned to normal or increased in the dynamics and these levels were higher, than that of other patients. In patients, treated with standard therapy, most indicators decreased in dynamics and in comparison with rates in control patients, and patients from the1 group. This suggests an imbalance in the oxidative status in the body after the standard treatment appointment and necessity of its pathogenetic correction.

Anti-oxidative systems in rat skeletal muscle after acute physical exercise

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Alexandre Bachur ◽  
Sérgio Britto Garcia ◽  
Hélio Vannucchi ◽  
Alceu Afonso Jordao ◽  
Paula Garcia Chiarello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Exercise Duration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Acute Physical Exercise

The objective of this study was to analyze the oxidative stress of skeletal muscle of sedentary rats at the morphological and biochemical level, due to acute physical effort performed at different intensities and during different periods of time. Forty-two male sedentary Wistar rats were divided into two groups, group A (swimming for 50 min) and group B (swimming for 100 min), which were further subdivided into 3 different exercise intensities, non-weight bearing (subgroup I), 3% weight load (subgroup II), and 5% weighted load (subgroup III), as well as a control-rested group (C). The animals were killed by ether inhalation and fragments of the gastrocnemius muscle were removed for the determination of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and vitamin E concentrations. When all groups were compared with the control-rested group (C), gastrocnemius MDA levels at 50 and 100 min were higher at all swimming intensities. GSH consumption was greater at all intensities in group A, and only at 100 min in group BI; vitamin E consumption was significantly higher only in groups BII and BIII. When groups were compared by intensity at each swimming time there were no differences between I, II, and III at 50 min for any of the substances analyzed (MDA, GSH, and vitamin E), but at 100 min opposite effects were observed for GSH and vitamin E, with vitamin E consumption and GSH recovery occurring with increasing weight load. Higher concentrations of skeletal muscle MDA could indicate elevated lipid peroxidation at each time and exercise intensity, with highest MDA levels observed after the longest exercise duration and at the highest intensity. The layer-line mode of utilization of body antioxidants could explain the concentrations of GSH and vitamin E: first the use of GSH, even with minor oxidative stress, and then vitamin E consumption only in the presence of greater and more prolonged oxidative stress, indicating the necessity of adequate body levels of both antioxidants for proper utilization by the body antioxidant defense system.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Oxidative Stress in Brain During Rat Adjuvant Arthritis by Carnosine, Trolox and Novel Trolox-Carnosine

2015 ◽  
pp. S489-S496
Author(s):  
S. PONIŠT ◽  
L. SLOVÁK ◽  
V. KUNCÍROVÁ ◽  
T. FEDOROVA ◽  
A. LOGVINENKO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Adjuvant Arthritis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Protein Carbonyls ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Arthritic Score ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Rat Adjuvant Arthritis ◽  
The Impact

Carnosine (CARN) is an anti-glycating agent able to quench superoxide, and to neutralize 4-hydroxynonenal. Trolox-carnosine (CARN-T) was synthesized because of its resistance against degradation and to improve CARN antioxidant capacity. We evaluated the impact of trolox (TRO), CARN and its derivative CARN-T on oxidative stress (OS) in brain during rat adjuvant arthritis (AA). The experiments were done on healthy, control arthritic and arthritic animals with administration of CARN 150 mg/kg b.w., TRO 41 mg/kg b.w. and CARN-T 75 mg/kg b.w. in a daily dose during 28 days. Antioxidants did not affect the body weight on day 14, but on day 28 TRO enhanced the weight reduction. On day 14 and 28 CARN-T and TRO reduced arthritic score. IL-1beta, MCP-1 and MMP-9 were measured in plasma on day 14. MCP-1 was decreased by CARN-T and TRO. All antioxidants reduced IL-1beta and MMP-9 levels. Malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal and protein carbonyls were increased in brain. CARN, CARN-T and TRO prevented higher lipid and protein oxidation in brain. CARN and CARN-T caused no weight reduction like TRO that has an advantage in inflammatory arthritis. Moreover the antioxidants administered had a similar therapeutic effects on arthritic score, markers of inflammation in plasma and OS in brain.

scholarly journals Pengaruh pemberian vitamin E terhadap kadar neutrofil setelah latihan fisik

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristo Warong ◽  
Damajanty H.C. Pangemanan ◽  
Joice N.A. Engka
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Test Control

Absract: Physical exercise can improve and maintain physical fitness. However, physical exercise can lead to oxidative stress that can reduce the activity of antioxidants. Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant that could free radicals in the body. Neutrophils play an active role in the process of phagocytosis of bacteria and other microorganisms the damaged tissue caused by tissue injury. This study was aimed to obtain the effect of vitamin E on neutrophil count after physical exercise. This was a field experimental study with a pre post test control group design. Data were analyzed with the Mann Whitney U (α = 0.05). The physical exercise was playing futsal for 60 minutes. Respondents were 30 male respondents divided into 2 groups: treatment and control groups. The levels of neutrophils were examined after physical exercise and after the administration of vitamin E 400 IU for seven days. Data analysis of the effect of vitamin E on neutrophil level after physical exercise showed a p value of 0.031. Conclusion: Vitamin E influenced the levels of neutrophils after physical exercise.Keywords: physical exercise, oxidative stress, vitamin E, neutrophil Abstrak: Latihan fisik merupakan aktivitas yang dilakukan seseorang untuk meningkatkan atau memelihara kebugaran tubuh. Latihan fisik dapat menimbulkan stres oksidatif sehingga dapat menurunkan aktivitas antioksidan. Vitamin E merupakan antioksidan yang larut dalam lemak dan berfungsi untuk mengurangi radikal bebas yang terdapat dalam tubuh. Neutrofil berperan aktif dalam proses fagositosis bakteri, mikroorganisme, dan membersihkan sisa jaringan rusak yang disebabkan oleh cedera jaringan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh vitamin E terhadap kadar neutrofil setelah latihan fisik. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental lapangan dengan pre post test control group design. Untuk menguji signifikansi penelitian digunakan uji Mann Whitney U (α = 0,05). Latihan fisik berupa olahraga futsal selama 60 menit dilakukan oleh 30 responden laki-laki yang dibagi dalam 2 kelompok yaitu perlakuan dan kontrol. Kadar neutrofil diukur setelah latihan fisik dan setelah pemberian vitamin E 400 IU selama 7 hari. Hasil statistik menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh bermakna dari vitamin E pada kelompok perlakuan (p=0,031). Simpulan: Terdapat pengaruh vitamin E terhadap kadar neutrofil setelah latihan fisik. Kata kunci: latihan fisik, stres oksidatif, vitamin E, neutrofil

scholarly journals Effects of Sodium Selenite and Vitamin E on the Development of Morphine Dependency in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-344
Author(s):  
Bohloul Habibi-Asl ◽  
Alireza Parvizpur ◽  
Kiarash Fekri ◽  
Hadis Jahanpanah ◽  
Hadis Rezaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Essential Trace Element ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Almond Oil ◽  
Biochemical Pathways

Background: Antioxidant drugs may be useful in preventing morphine-induced dependency bysuppressing oxidative stress. Vitamin E which has many essential roles in the body is a powerfulantioxidant. On the other hand, selenium is an essential trace element that plays a strong rolein various biochemical pathways. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sodiumselenite and vitamin E on morphine-induced dependency in mice. Methods: Ninety male mice, weighing 20 to 30 g, were randomly divided into 10 groups and weretreated as follows: a) saline and b) morphine groups were pretreated (for 2 days) with normalsaline (10 ml.kg-1.day-1, ip) then daily doses of normal saline (10 ml.kg-1.day-1, ip) and morphine(50 mg.kg-1.day-1) were added to the injections for the following 4 days, respectively. c, d, e)sodium selenite, f, g, h) vitamin E, i) vitamin E solvent (almond oil) and j) co-administrationgroups were pretreated (for 2 days) with sodium selenite (0.25, 0.5, 1 mg.kg-1.day-1, ip), vitaminE (20, 40, 60 IU.kg-1.day-1, ip), vitamin E solvent (10 ml.kg-1.day-1, ip) and combination of thedrugs respectively, then morphine doses (50 mg.kg-1.day-1, ip) were added to the injections forthe following 4 days. Withdrawal symptoms were evaluated after injecting naloxone (4 mg/kg/day). Biochemical evaluations were also performed. Results: The results showed that co-administration of sodium selenite and vitamin E (at lowdoses) significantly reduced morphine dependency (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The synergistic effect of sodium selenite and vitamin E can be a suitable andefficient approach to reduce dependency.

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