scholarly journals Pembentukan dan Makna Kata Majemuk antara Onomatope dan Bagian Tubuh Manusia dalam Bahasa Jepang di Media Sosial Twitter

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Ni Nyoman Ayu Devi Pragasuri ◽  
Ngurah Indra Pradhana ◽  
I Made Budiana
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Semantic Theory ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Composition Process

The title of this research is “Formation and Meaning of Compound Words from Onomatopoeia and Human Body Parts in Japanese on Social Media Twitter”. This research focuses on the forming process and meaning of compound words from onomatopoeia and human body parts in Japanese on social media twitter. This research was analysed by using formal and informal method. Compound words formation analysis used word formation theory from Kageyama and Kishimoto (2016) and the meaning of compound words analysis used semantic theory from Chaer (2012) and characteristic of Japanese onomatopoeia from Akimoto (2002). The result of this research is on the 25 data was analyzed, there are 14 data formed from the composition process and 11 data formed from the composition process followed by the shortening process of the words and part of speech classification in all data has changed. For the meaning, 22 data have grammatical meaning and 3 data have lexical meaning and all data have derivative meaning from the basic onomatopoeia.

scholarly journals COMPOUNDING IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TERMS: A MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Rafica Sari
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Open Form ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
New Words ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Solid Form ◽  
Descriptive Method

AbstrakDalam linguistik merupakan proses pembentukan kata yang sangat produktif dua kata atau lebih digabungkan menjadi sebuah kata baru. Proses ini sering dijumpai pada pembentukan kata atau istilah baru dalam bidang teknologi informasi. Compound word (kata majemuk) pada istilah-istilah bidang teknologi informasi adakalanya memiliki makna yang berbeda dari makna leksikal pembentuk kata majemuknya. Oleh karena itu, makalah ini ditulis untuk mendeskripsikan kata majemuk yang terdapat pada istilah teknologi informasi,  mendeskripsikan cara penulisannya, dan mendeskripsikan makna leksikal pada kata majemuk tersebut. Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif, diketahui bahwa kata majemuk dalam teknologi informasi memiliki beberapa kombinasi elemen dengan cara penulisan menggunakan open form, hyphenated-form, dan closed/solid form. Makna kata majemukyang terbentuk dari proses compounding pada istilah teknologi informasi ternyata lebih banyak mempertahankan makna leksikal dari masing-masing kata pembentuknya daripada membentuk makna baru. Kata-kata kunci: compounding, istilah teknologi informasi, makna leksikal. AbstractIn linguistic it is a process of word formation that is very productive in which two or more words are combined into a new word. This process is often found in the formation of new words or terms in the field of information technology. Compound words for terms in the field of information technology sometimes have a different meaning from the lexical meaning of each word that makes up the compound words. Therefore, this paper is written to describe compound words contained in information technology terms, to describes how to write them, and to describe lexical meanings of the compound words. Based on the analysis using a descriptive method, it was found that compound words in information technology have some combinations of elements by way of writing using open form, hyphenated-form, and closed/solid form. Meanings of compound words that are formed through the  compounding process in the information technology terms seem to maintain lexical meaning of each constituent word rather than forming new meanings. Keywords:  compounding, information technology terms, lexical meaning

scholarly journals CONVERSION AND COMPOUND MODELS OF RELIGIOUS VOCABULARY FORMATION IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Boichuk M.I.
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Complex Words ◽  
Constituent Elements ◽  
The Relationship

The article outlines the concept of “conversion”, which is defined as an affixless, derivational way of word formation, in which a new word formed from another part of the language does not acquire an external word-forming rearrangement. The concept of “word formation” has also been analyzed and the phonetic component of compounds of religious vocabulary characterized. The structural classification has been distinguished taking into account the structure of compoundings. It has been found that among the layer of religious vocabulary derivational connections of conversion occur between two, three or more words, and the main ways of direction of this process have been identified. Five main models of conversion of lexical units of the religious sphere have been determined, such as: Noun – Verb, which further is divided into three categories, Verb – Noun, Adjective – Noun, Noun – Adjective, Adjective – Verb. The process of substantivization of religious vocabulary as a variant of conversion has also been analyzed. Under substantivization we understand the process of changing the paradigm of the basic word and a part of speech. Analysis of religious vocabulary shows that the transition is from adjectives to nouns, the first acquires the characteristic features of the latter.The article presents an analysis of religious vocabulary based on the dictionary of O. O. Azarov “Comprehensive English-Russian dictionary of religious terminology” which allows to identify such productive models of word formation of religious vocabulary in English: Noun + Noun, Noun + Participle, Adjective + Noun, Noun + Preposition + Noun, Participle + Noun, Pronoun + Noun, Adjective + Participle. These models are most actively involved in the creation of religious vocabulary in English, as they have the largest number of words in their structure. Compounds of religious lexis are divided into root compounds and compound derivatives, the structural integrity of which allows to distinguish them from phrases. Considering the components of compound words, the main element can be both the first and second part. According to the relationship between the components, compounds are divided into endocentric and exocentric types. The first is expressed by a compound word, the meaning of which is derived from the sum of the meanings of the compound’s components, the latter includes complex words, the meaning of which is not determined by any of its constituent elements. Among the layer of religious vocabulary of the English language we distinguish the following endocentric models: Adj + N = N, V + N = N, Part I + N = N, Ger + N = N, N + N = N and exocentric models: Participle + N = Adj, N+Pro.=Adj, V+Prep.=N, Adv+Participle=Adj.Key words:compounding, endocentric and exocentric compound words, substantivization, conversion. У статті обґрунтовано поняття «конверсія», яке визначається як безафіксальний, дериваційний спосіб словотвору, за якого нове слово, що утворюється з іншої частини мови, не набуває зовнішньої словотвірної перебудови. Також у роботі проаналізовано поняття «словоскладання», охарактеризовано фонетичний складник композитів релігійної лексики та виділено структурну класифікацію з урахуванням структури композитів складених слів. З’ясовано, що серед пласту релігійної лексики конверсивні дериваційні зв’язки відбуваються між двома, трьома та більшою кількістю слів, та визначено основні способи спрямованості цього процесу. Виділяємо п’ять основних моделей конверсії лексичних одиниць релігійної сфери: Noun – Verb, яка своєю чергою поділяється на три категорії, Verb – Noun, Adjective – Noun, Noun – Adjective, Adjective – Verb. Також проаналізовано процес субстантивації релігійної лексики як варіант конверсії. Під субстантивацією розуміємо процес зміни парадигми твірного слова й частини мови. Аналіз релігійної лексики показує, що перехід відбувається від прикметників у іменники, прикметник набуває характерних ознак іменника. У статті представлено аналіз релігійної лексики на основі словника О.О. Азарова «Большой англо-русский словарь религиозной лексики», який дає змогу виокремити такі продуктивні моделі словоскладання релігійної лексики в англійській мові: Noun + Noun, Noun + Participle, Adjective + Noun, Noun + Preposition + Noun, Participle + Noun, Pronoun + Noun, Adjective + Participle.Ці моделі беруть найактивнішу участь у творенні релігійної лексики в англійській мові, оскільки налічують найбільшу кількість слів у своїй структурі. Композити релігійної лексики поділяються на власне складні та склад-нопохідні, структурна цілісність яких дозволяє відмежувати їх від словосполучень. Щодо компонентів складних слів, то головним елементом може бути як перша, так і друга частина. Відповідно до відносин між компонентами складні слова поділяються на ендоцентричний та екзоцентричний типи. Перший виражається складним словом, значення якого виводиться із суми значень компонентів композита, до останнього відносяться складні слова, значення яких не визначається жодним із його складових елементів. Серед пласту релігійної лексики англійської мови виокремлюємо такі ендоцентричні моделі: Adj + N = N, V + N = N, Part I + N = N, Ger + N = N, N + N = N та екзоцентричні моделі: Participle + N = Adj, N+Pro.=Adj, V+Prep.=N, Adv+Participle=Adj.Ключові слова:словоскладання, ендоцентричні та екзоцентричні складні слова, субстантивація, конверсія.

CORONASPEAK-2020: WORD-FORMATION ASPECT

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-130
Author(s):  
O. Ye. Tkachuk-Miroshnychenko
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Linguistic Community ◽  
Semantic Change ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
New Words ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Constant Change ◽  
Speech Classification

The article presents a first assessment of the word-stock of “coronaspeak”-2020 — a new language of the Covid-19 pandemic. The English vocabulary is subjected to constant change due to various extralinguistic factors. The Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in the ‘explosion’ of new words. As of today, “coronaspeak” has over 1,000 words with more units appearing each day. The scale of the expansion is unprecedented, which requires reaction of the linguistic community. The article raises the issue of the classification of the “coronaspeak” word-stock. It argues that facilitated by media and social networks new words are changing their status of nonce words to neologisms, which makes the classification untimely and premature. The word-building analysis of 200 new words of “coronaspeak” allows to conclude that the creation of the new “coronavirus” word-stock applies the structural patterns specific for the English language. These various patterns include semantic change in denotation, derivation, compounding, blending, shortening, The analysis of the “coranaspeak” word-stock has demonstrated that the semantic changes in denotation, in particular the extension and the narrowing of a meaning, are scarce, and, hence, non-productive. Affixation, as a word-forming process, has proved semi-productive with the predominantly noun-forming suffixes. Among a limited number of shortenings we have observed final (apocope) and initial (apheresis) clippings, combined with affixation, by adding the suffix — y. Compounding and blending have proved to be highly productive. According to the part of speech classification, most “coronaspeak” compounds and blends are nouns. Of special interest are a group of “coronapuns”, which have demonstrated pragmatic potential.

scholarly journals Analyzing the group of words formed from the verb stopiti ‘to step’

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Kern
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Individual Word ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Formation Stage

This article analyzes the group of words formed from the verb stopiti ‘to step’. The methodological premise of the analysis is multistage word formation, which deals with derivatives from the same base root within the same lexical meaning. It shows the number of derivatives by individual word-formational group and their part of speech (both in general and by individual word-formation stage), the load of word-formational models, and the structure of the word-formation subgroups. The purpose of this article is to establish the properties of forming words from the verb stopiti or its word-formation productivity.

scholarly journals The Ancient Greek adjective: semantic and grammatical features

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Syntactic Features ◽  
General Meaning ◽  
Genus Number

The article reveals the essence of an Ancient Greek adjective as a separate part of speech. Thus, the substantive nature of an adjective was examined, including the historical process of its separation as an independent part of speech, with a consequent emphasis on the inseparability of adjectives and nouns by external signs in Ancient Greek. The analysis of the Greek adjectives was made on the grounds of their semantics, morphological features, syntactic functions. The semantic analysis was based on the studying of such concepts as the categorial, word-building and lexical meaning. The categorial meaning is the attribution of an adjective. The smaller semantic-grammatical groups (qualitative, relative and possessive adjectives) were learnt with regard to word formation and lexical motivation. Word-building and lexical meanings were studied basing on the division of adjectives into primary units and derivatives. The meaning of a derivative is interpreted both: due to the analysis of its structure (paying a special attention to the compound units, which are mainly formed on the basis of word combinations), and due as to the relation (strong, weak, metaphorical) of the general meaning of a derivative with the meaning of its components. The word-formation meaning of such units, therefore, is syntagmatic. Their lexical semantics depend also on the context. The basic morphological categories of genus, number and case of a Greek adjective simultaneously indicates its semantic dependence on a noun. The category of degrees of comparison was analyzed on terms of morphological means and such syntactic features as left/right-side valence. The main primary (an attribute) and the secondary (as a predicative) syntactic adjective functions are equally realized in preposition or postposition to the noun in Ancient Greek.

scholarly journals On the opposite directions of semantic motivation in adjective / adverb derivational pairs in russian

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 203-213
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Medvedieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Relevant Feature ◽  
Concrete Object ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Semantic Relationships ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Syntactic Derivation ◽  
Semantic Aspect ◽  
Modern Russian

The paper analyses semantic relationships in adjective / adverb (ending in –о) derivational pairs in the Modern Russian language in terms of the direction of their motivation. The adverbial element in the derivational pairs is represented by adverbs describing the manner of an action. Derivational pairs such as острый – остро, быстрый – быстро refer to syntactic derivation and include words with the same lexical meaning. Thus, the direction of semantic motivation is irrelevant in this case, and adverbs are seen as derivatives on the basis of their formal compoundness. This approach prevents differentiation of derivational pairs in which the nature of semantic relationships between elements in the pair differ. However, the differentiation is possible if 1) the meanings of the related adjectives and adverbs are seen as close, but not the same; 2) in word comparison, the criterion of conformity / non-conformity of their lexical semantics with the categorial meaning of the part of speech is applied. This criterion, which is well-established in the pairs of ‘бежать – бег, острый – острота’ type in connection with the notion of folded proposition and which underlies the differentiation of isosemic and non-isosemic subclasses of nouns, is not easily extrapolated to the derivational pairs where both words have the categorial meaning of a modifier. Even so, correlating the lexical meanings of adjectives with modifying an object and the lexical meanings of adverbs with modifying an action reveals derivational pairs with opposite directions of semantic motivation. Forming adverbs from adjectives is a common direction in the pairs where the adjective describes an innate feature of the object, e.g. the shape, size, colour, etc., and the adverb describes the action not by its own characteristics, but by relating to the relevant feature of the object: острый нож → остро наточить нож meaning ‘так, что нож острый’. Forming adjectives from adverbs is a normal direction in the pairs where the adverb gives a characteristic of the action, e.g. speed or other peculiarities of the action unfolding in time, while the adjective renders a feature of an abstract action: быстро бежать → быстрый бег, meaning ‘такой, который происходит быстро’. Diachronically, derivational and semantic motivation is generated from the feature of a concrete object: быстрый конь → быстро бежит → быстрый бег, but in Modern Russian, the latter is primary, while быстрый конь comes secondary and is motivated by the meaning of the adverb. The indirect proof that in some pairs the adjective is the base, while in others it is the adverb can be given by the correlation of frequency scores of elements in the derivational pairs, i.e. in the derivational pairs of ‘острый → остро, крупный → крупно’ type, adjectives are more frequent, and in the derivational pairs of ‘быстро → быстрый, внезапно → внезапный’ type, adverbs show higher frequency. The analysis shows the need for further research of the semantic aspect of word-formation relationships between words with the categorial meaning of a modifier.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on the Structures of Chinese and Korean Compound Words

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Zhai Xun ◽  
Yoo Eun Hee
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Internal Relationships ◽  
Agglutinative Language ◽  
Compound Verb

The goal of the research was to compare the compound words in Chinese, an isolated language, and Korean, an agglutinative language. This research used library research. The researchers found that the main characteristics of the formation of Korean compound words were that the latter element was the central word. The method of word formation decided its lexical category. Moreover, most of the internal relationships of the compound words were connection and modification. While in Chinese, the endocentric compound noun decided the part of speech of the compound word, and could be the proceeding element or the latter element. Furthermore, Chinese contained no complicated morphological changes. It is concluded that Korean is a Subject–Object–Verb (SOV) language, where verb elements demonstrate a central feature of the compound verb are always a trailing part. Thus, there is no exocentric compound verb in Korean. By contrast, Chinese is a typical SVO language. When constituting the compound verbs, nouns or adjectives can function as the structural elements. Therefore, there is no permanent position for head words.

scholarly journals FUNCTIONAL AND SEMANTIC FEATURES OF COMPOSITES IN THE DIGOR DIALECT OF THE OSSETIAN LANGUAGE

Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
И.Н. Цаллагова
Keyword(s):  
Composite Structures ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Speech Analysis ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Complex Words

Образование композитов происходит путем сложения не просто корней или основ, а слов, каждое из которых имеет свое лексическое значение. Семантическая структура композита основывается на лексических значениях составляющих его компонентов. В ходе словообразовательного акта происходит грамматическое и семантическое сращение двух слов. Однако выбор той или иной лексемы в качестве компонента композита для наименования того или иного предмета, процесса или признака не может быть случайным, иначе говоря, компоненты композитов обладают определенным типом сочетаемости. Следует отметить, что вопросы, связанные с семантической структурой сложных слов, чрезвычайно актуальны в современной лингвистике. Это обусловлено тем, что композитное образование представляет собой отражение ассоциативного мышления человека. Семантическая структура композитных конструкций определяется мотивированностью лексических единиц, участвующих в их образовании. Лексическое значение композита формируется исходя из семантики образующих его лексем, однако, оно имеет свойство выходить за рамки суммы значений компонентов. Целью данного исследования является функциональный анализ компонентов, участвующих в образовании композитов в дигорском диалекте осетинского языка. Комплексный подход к исследуемому материалу обусловил необходимость использования таких методов, как: описательный, сравнительно-сопоставительный, компонентный, статистический. В данной статье рассмотрена морфологическая структура сложных существительных в дигорском диалекте осетинского языка; выявлены основные словообразовательные модели сложных существительных, проведен их частеречный анализ; определена типология отношений между компонентами с учетом степени продуктивности; рассмотрены вопросы, связанные с семантической структурой сложных слов. The formation of composites implies not only uniting roots or stems, but words as well, each of which has its own lexical meaning. The semantic structure of a composite is based on the lexical meanings of its constituent components. In the course of the word-formation act, the grammatical and semantic fusion of two words occurs. However, the choice of one or another lexeme as a component of a composite for the name of a particular object, process, or feature cannot be accidental, in other words, the components of composites have a certain type of compatibility.It should be noted that issues related to the semantic structure of complex words are extremely relevant in modern linguistics. This is due to the fact that formation of compositesis reflection of a person's associative thinking. The semantic structure of composite structures is determined by the motivation of the lexical units involved in their formation. The lexical meaning of a composite is formed on the basis of the semantics of the lexemes that form it, however, it tends to go beyond the sum of the values ​​of the components. The purpose of this study is a functional analysis of the components involved in the formation of composites in the Digor dialect of the Ossetian language.An integrated approach to the material under study necessitated the use of methods such as: descriptive, comparative, component, statistical. This article examines the morphological structure of complex nouns in the Digor dialect of the Ossetian language; the main word-formation models of complex nouns are revealed, their part-of-speech analysis is carried out; the typology of relations between the components isdefined, taking into account the degree of productivity; the issues related to the semantic structure of complex words are considered.

Property in Human Body Parts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Pila
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Human Body ◽  
First Principles ◽  
The Political ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Cautionary Tale ◽  
Regulatory Approach ◽  
Legal Position ◽  
The Law

This chapter surveys the current legal position concerning property in bodies and bodily materials. Of especial relevance in the current age of advanced genetic and other bio technologies, it looks beyond property in bodies and their materials ‘as such’ to consider also (a) the availability of rights of personal and intellectual property in objects incorporating or derived from them, and (b) the reliance on quasi-property rights of possession and consent to regulate the storage and use of corpses and detached bodily materials, including so-called ‘bio-specimens’. Reasoning from first principles, it highlights the practical and conceptual, as well as the political and philosophical, difficulties in this area, along with certain differences in the regulatory approach of European and US authorities. By way of conclusion, it proposes the law of authors’ and inventors’ rights as simultaneously offering a cautionary tale to those who would extend the reach of property even further than it extends currently and ideas for exploiting the malleability of the ‘property’ concept to manage the risks of extending it.

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