scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Eryngium foetidum, an Ethnomedicinal Plant of Assam

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajreepa Talukdar ◽  
Kumananda Tayung
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Leaf Tissues

Eyngium foetidum L. is a medicinal plant widely used by ethnic tribal communities of Assam as an alternative source of medicine for the treatment of various diseases. The present investigation was undertaken with an aim to isolate, identify and assess the antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi associated with the healthy leaf tissues of E. foetidum. The endophytic fungi were isolated three different media, namely, Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), Malt Extract Agar (MEA) and Water Agar (WA) media and from three different sites. Altogether, 84 endophytic fungal isolates were isolated from 150 segments of leaf tissues. Dominant endophytes were found to be fungi belonging to the genus Colletotrichum, followed by non-sporulating members grouped under mycelia sterilia. Other fungal genera that were isolated as endophytes were Scopulariopsis, Cladosporium, Stemphylium, Penicilllium and Alternaria. The endophytic fungi thus isolated were studied for antimicrobial activity against some clinically significant human pathogenic test organisms. Ethyl acetate extracts of all endophytes exhibited antimicrobial activity by inhibiting at least one out of all the test pathogens. Amongst the isolated fungi, extracts obtained from three endophytes showed wide-spectrum activity against all the test organisms. The fungal endophytes were identified as Scopulariopsis sp., Penicillium sp. and a sterile isolate morphotype strain EF6. The study indicated that E. foetidum harbours a wide range of endophytes with antimicrobial properties and further detailed investigation of the compound present in them would lead to their potential therapeutic applications as a new source of medicine.

scholarly journals Endophytic fungal assemblages of Zanthoxylum oxyphyllum Edgew. and their antimicrobial potential

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-139
Author(s):  
Rajreepa Talukdar ◽  
Kumananda Tayung
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Antimicrobial Potential ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Test Organisms

Zanthoxylum oxyphyllum Edgew. is a medicinal plant widely been used by the local tribal communities of Assam as an alternative source of medicine for the treatment of various diseases. In the present study, endophytic fungi associated with Z. oxyphyllum were undertaken with an aim to investigate the isolates for their antimicrobial potential. The endophytic fungi were recovered using four different media, namely, Malt Extract Agar (MEA) media, Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media, Water Agar (WA) media and media amended with the Plant Extract (PEA) from samples collected from three sites. Altogether, 18 isolates of endophytic fungi were isolated from 150 surface sterilized and healthy leaf fragments. Colletotrichum was found to be dominant endophytic genus with 7 different species. Other isolated endophytic fungal genera were Fusarium, Curvularia, Aspergillus, Corynespora and isolates belonging non-sporulating fungi categorised as Mycelia Sterilia. The endophytic fungi were determined for antimicrobial activity against selected clinically significant human pathogenic test organisms. Ethyl acetate crude extracts of all endophytic fungi exhibited antimicrobial activity by inhibiting a minimum of one of the four test pathogens. Amongst the isolates, crude extracts obtained from Fusarium sp. and five Colletotrichum spp. showed wide-spectrum antimicrobial activity against all the test organisms. The study indicated that Z. oxyphyllum harbours a wide range of endophytes capable of producing secondary metabolites with antimicrobial properties. Further detailed investigation of their bioactive metabolites might lead to discovery of compounds with potential therapeutic applications as a new source of medicine.

scholarly journals Production of eugenol from fungal endophytesNeopestalotiopsissp. andDiaporthesp. isolated fromCinnamomum loureiroileaves

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chutima Tanapichatsakul ◽  
Sarunpron Khruengsai ◽  
Sakon Monggoot ◽  
Patcharee Pripdeevech
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Fungal Extracts

Endophytic fungi, which colonize within a host plant without causing any apparent diseases, have been considered as an important source of bioactive secondary metabolites containing antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The aim of this research was to isolate the endophytic fungi ofCinnamomum loureiroiand then to screen their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. A total of 11 fungal endophytes were isolated from healthy leaves ofCinnamomum loureiroibelonging to six genera:Botryosphaeria,Colletotrichum,Diaporthe,Fusarium,Neopestalotiopsis, andPestalotiopsis. All isolated strains were cultured and further extracted with ethyl acetate solvent. Antimicrobial activity of all crude endophytic fungal extracts was analyzed using disc diffusion assay against six bacterial and two fungal pathogens. Crude extracts of strains MFLUCC15-1130 and MFLUCC15-1131 showed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against all tested pathogens. Activity againstBacillus cereusandStaphylococcus epidermidiswas notable, showing the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration at 3.91 μg/mL. Antioxidant activity of all crude endophytic fungal extracts was also evaluated based on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. Significant antioxidant activity was detected in the crude extracts of fungus MFLUCC15-1130 and MFLUCC15-1131 with IC50of 22.92 ± 0.67 and 37.61 ± 0.49 μg/mL, respectively. Using molecular identification, MFLUCC15-1130 and MFLUCC15-1131 were identified asNeopestalotiopsissp. andDiaporthesp., respectively. The major chemical constituents produced by both crude extracts were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Eugenol, myristaldehyde, lauric acid, and caprylic acid were the primary antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds in both crude extracts. This is the first report of eugenol being a biologically active compound ofNeopestalotiopsissp. andDiaporthesp. fungal endophytes. Eugenol has been reported as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents with agronomic applications. Thus the two newly-isolated endophytes may be used for eugenol production, which in turn can be used in a variety of applications.

Chitosan based antimicrobial films for food packaging applications

e-Polymers ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shipra Tripathi ◽  
G. K. Mehrotra ◽  
P. K. Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Packaging System ◽  
Antimicrobial Packaging ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chitosan Films ◽  
Antimicrobial Films

AbstractAntimicrobial packaging is one of the most promising active packaging systems. Antimicrobial packaging is the packaging system that is able to kill or inhibit spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms that are contaminating foods. A tremendous effort has been made over the last decade to develop and test films with antimicrobial properties to improve food safety and shelf life. For food preservation, chitosan films are very effective. Chitosan has widely been used in antimicrobial films, to provide edible protective coating, dipping and spraying for the food products due to its antimicrobial properties. Chitosan can be formed into fibers, films, gels, sponges, beads or nanoparticles. Chitosan films have been used as a packaging material for the quality preservation of a variety of food. Chitosan has great potential for a wide range of applications due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility, antimicrobial activity, non-toxicity and versatile chemical and physical properties. The present review outlines the preparation and antimicrobial activity of chitosan based films.

scholarly journals Fungal Endophytes of Vitis vinifera—Plant Growth Promotion Factors

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1250
Author(s):  
Markéta Kulišová ◽  
Maria Vrublevskaya ◽  
Petra Lovecká ◽  
Blanka Vrchotová ◽  
Milena Stránská ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Antifungal Compounds ◽  
Microscopic Fungi ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Promising Source

Endophytes are microorganisms that live asymptomatically inside plant tissues. They are beneficial to their host in many aspects, especially as a defense against foreign phytopathogens through the production of a variety of metabolites. These substances can serve as sources of new natural products for medicinal, agricultural, and industrial purposes. This article is focused on endophytic fungi from Vitis vinifera. The purpose of the research was their isolation and identification during the Vitis vinifera growing season. Subsequently, the isolates were tested for the production of biotechnologically interesting metabolites (siderophores, antioxidants, and antifungal compounds). In total, 24 endophytic fungi were isolated, the most represented genus was Cladosporium sp. The results of the test for antioxidant and antifungal properties, as well as siderophore production, have shown that the population of Vitis vinifera endophytic microscopic fungi could serve as a promising source of metabolites with a wide range of applications.

scholarly journals Brevinin-1GHd: a novel Hylarana guentheri skin secretion-derived Brevinin-1 type peptide with antimicrobial and anticancer therapeutic potential

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangyang Jiang ◽  
Yue Wu ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Xiaoling Chen ◽  
Mei Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Skin Secretion ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Peptide Analog ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
Short Time

Abstract Host-defense antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from amphibians are usually considered as one of the most promising next-generation antibiotics because of their excellent antimicrobial properties and low cytotoxicity. In the present study, one novel Brevinin-1 type peptide, Brevinin-1GHd, was isolated and characterized from the skin secretion of the frog, Hylarana guentheri. Brevinin-1GHd was found to possess a wide range of antimicrobial activity through penetrating the bacterial membrane within a short time while showing low hemolysis at bactericidal concentrations, even against the resistant strains. It also inhibited and eradicated biofilms that are thought to be closely related to the rise in resistance. Meanwhile, Brevinin-1GHd exhibited wide-spectrum anti-proliferation activity toward human cancer lines. Taken together, these results indicate that Brevinin-1GHd with its excellent antimicrobial and anticancer activities is a promising candidate for a novel antibiotic agent, and study of its structure–activity relationships also provided a rational template for further research and peptide analog design.

scholarly journals Biological characterization of fungal endophytes isolated from agarwood tree Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lecomte

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoang Kim Chi ◽  
Le Huu Cuong ◽  
Tran Thi Nhu Hang ◽  
Nguyen Dinh Luyen ◽  
Tran Thi Hong Ha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Aquilaria Crassna ◽  
Fruity Odor

In recent years, a considerable number of studies on the role of microbes in agarwood production have been carried out in plants of the species Aquilaria. Based on the fact that there is a relationship between the microorganisms residing inside the plant and the agarwood formation, we isolated and characterized endophytic fungi associated with A. crassna samples collected from Southern Vietnam. Morphological identification and DNA barcoding analysis of the fungal endophytic isolates indicated that they were classified at least into three groups of diverse genera: Geotrichum, Fusarium and Colletotrichum belonging to families Dipodascaceae, Nectriaceae and Glomerellaceae, respectively.  Noteworthy, Geotrichum candium strain SHTr1 isolated from a dark colored woody sample of agarwood was able to produce a fruity odor and exhibited a slight antimicrobial activity against the test bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. Another fungal isolate, Fusarium verticillioides SHTr3’s, showed a moderate antimicrobial activity against a test Gram positive bacteria Bacillus subtillis and S. aureus with MIC values at 50 μg.mL-1. At 200 μg.mL-1, the ethyl acetate extracts of fungal isolates F. verticillioides SHTr3 and Colletotrichum truncatum SHTrHc7 were found to have comparable scavenging abilities on DPPH-free radicals with 53.87 and 71.82%, respectively. The present results contribute to a depiction of a diverse fungal endophytic community in Vietnamese agarwood plant A. crassna and provide important information for further understanding of the role of endophytic fungi in agarwood formation and therapeutic applications of host plants in general.

scholarly journals UV Curable Coatings Based on Urethane Acrylates Containing Eugenol and Evaluation of Their Antimicrobial Activity

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1556
Author(s):  
Paulina Bednarczyk ◽  
Agnieszka Wróblewska ◽  
Agata Markowska-Szczupak ◽  
Paula Ossowicz-Rupniewska ◽  
Małgorzata Nowak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Uv Curing ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Uv Curable ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Short Time

This work presents studies on the obtaining of UV-curable coatings with antimicrobial activity. Urethane acrylates (UAs) have excellent physicochemical properties including high reactivity in systems with radical photoinitiators in the presence of UV radiation and good balance between hardness and flexibility in the formed coatings. At the same time, eugenol is well known as the compound hindering the growth of various microorganisms. Hence, the materials obtained by the modification of UA resins with eugenol can be used to protect various surfaces, especially against microorganisms. This study aimed to examine the influence of the amount of eugenol on the chemical, physical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the obtained UA coatings and find the conditions at which the optimal properties for industrial applications such coatings can be achieved. These materials were successfully obtained. Taking into account that eugenol is a very cheap reactant, and it can be obtained from natural sources by the simple distillation method, the proposed method combined the good points of obtaining protective coatings by UV curing with the utilization of vegetable, renewable reactants (biomass), such as components giving special properties to these materials, in this case, antimicrobial properties. In this study, photoreactive coatings with antimicrobial properties for the following microorganisms: fungi (C. albicans), Gram-positive bacteria (S. epidermidis) as well as Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli), were obtained. The obtained coatings were cured over a short time. They were colorless and characterized by a wide range of properties and applications.

scholarly journals Antibiogram and Phytochemical Analysis of Cinnamon, Clove, and Sichuan Pepper Extracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Bibek Adhikari ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Shah ◽  
Roman Karki
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽  
Wide Range

A wide range of medicinal plant extracts has phytochemicals that possess antimicrobial properties and these plants are used to treat several infections. The study aimed to assess the antimicrobial activities of some spices extracts and to evaluate the phytochemicals present in them. The extracts of spices were prepared using Soxhlet apparatus refluxing with methanol and ethanol. The well diffusion technique was implemented for the evaluation of antimicrobial activities of the extracts and the zone of inhibitions was recorded in millimeters. The antimicrobial test was done against five bacterial isolates: Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi, and Staphylococcus aureus and a fungal isolate: Candida albicans. The extracts were concentrated by Rotary Vacuum Evaporator and a stock solution of 200 mg/mL was prepared by dissolving in 10 % DMSO. Concentrations of 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/mL extracts were used for antimicrobial activity. The result of this study showed that clove extracts had the highest antimicrobial property against all the test microorganisms. Methanolic extract of clove had the highest inhibitory effect against Proteus mirabilis (24.21±0.15 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19.78±0.23 mm), and Candida albicans (20.07±0.08 mm) whereas ethanolic extract was effective against Escherichia coli (20.44±0.16 mm), Salmonella Typhi (21.66±0.31 mm) and Candida albicans (21.11±0.09 mm). Cinnamon and pepper extracts, leaving some exceptions, also had antimicrobial properties. The presence of phytochemicals: polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins are the major components responsible for antimicrobial activity. Thereby, this study successfully demonstrated the possibilities of using spices extracts in the treatment of microbial infections.

scholarly journals Patents on Endophytic Fungi Related to Secondary Metabolites and Biotransformation Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Torres-Mendoza ◽  
Humberto E. Ortega ◽  
Luis Cubilla-Rios
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Metabolite Production ◽  
Mammalian Herbivores ◽  
Important Group

Endophytic fungi are an important group of microorganisms and one of the least studied. They enhance their host’s resistance against abiotic stress, disease, insects, pathogens and mammalian herbivores by producing secondary metabolites with a wide spectrum of biological activity. Therefore, they could be an alternative source of secondary metabolites for applications in medicine, pharmacy and agriculture. In this review, we analyzed patents related to the production of secondary metabolites and biotransformation processes through endophytic fungi and their fields of application. We examined 245 patents (224 related to secondary metabolite production and 21 for biotransformation). The most patented fungi in the development of these applications belong to the Aspergillus, Fusarium, Trichoderma, Penicillium, and Phomopsis genera and cover uses in the biomedicine, agriculture, food, and biotechnology industries.

scholarly journals FORMULATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND DETERMINATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF POMEGRANATE (Punicagranatum) GEL.

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Afendi Dahlan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Common Skin

revious studies have shown that Punicagranatum (P. granatum) extract exhibited antimicrobial activity against a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms. Thus, the aim of study was to formulate and determine the effectiveness of antimicrobial properties of gel containing P. granatummethanol extract against selected common skin pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcusepidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosaand Candidaalbicans.

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