PHYTOCHEMICAL ASSAY AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AGAINST DPPH OF ETHANOL EXTRACT FROM KENAF LEAF (Hibiscus cannabinus L.)

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is an environmentally friendly natural fiber-producing plant that can produce diversified products, such as paper, wallcover, car interior, geotextile, soil safer, fiber drain, particle board, and plastic reinforcement as well as biofuel industry raw materials. Kenaf plant is a plant that has been only part of the fibers of the stem alone so that many unprofitable side products such as kenaf leaves after harvesting only as a waste. In Africa the leaves of kenaf are widely used as medicine This study aims to analyze phytochemical compounds and study the antioxidant activity of the kenaf leaf. The study started by doing phytochemical test and analyzing antioxidant in kenaf leaf and then testing its antioxidant activity with DPPH method. The results showed that the leaves of kenaf contain secondary metabolites of phytochemical compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, saponins, carbohydrates and tannins and have antioxidant activity that is quite good that is 44.4813 ppm.

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UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAUN BENALU KOPI (Loranthus Ferrugineus Roxb.) DENGAN METODE DPPH (1,1 – Difenil -2- Pikrilhidrazil)

Lantanida Journal ◽

10.22373/lj.v6i2.4127 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 192

Author(s):

Muammar Yulian ◽

Safrijal Safrijal

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Activity Test ◽

Dpph Method ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

X 24

The study about antioxidant activity test of coffee parasite leaves (Loranthus ferrugineus Roxb.) by 1,1-diphenyl-2-pikrilhidrazyl (DPPH) method has been done. The aim of this study was to determine the content and activity of secondary metabolites, flavonoids and antioxidant, which found in the coffee parasite leaves. Dry powder of parasite coffee leaves (Loranthus ferrugineus Roxb.) as much as 0.5 kg were macerated by 2 L of ethanol solvent at room temperature for 4 x 24 hours, then mixed and filtered. Ethanol filtrate was evaporated at 30-40°C by using a rotary evaporator to obtain the crude extract of coffee parasite leaves. The results of the phytochemical screening showed positively that the extract was containing alkaloid, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and steroid compounds.The results of the antioxidant activity test by using DPPH method was obtained that the amount of antioxidant activity of the samples of ethanol extract had a very strong antioxidant activity against radical DPPH 0.05 mM, with IC50 values was obtained 6.063 ppm. Whereas, for comparison of ascorbic acid was about 3.127 ppm.

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AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN RAMUAN TRADISIONAL MADURA “SUBUR KANDUNGAN”

el–Hayah ◽

10.18860/elha.v5i1.3037 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Ruri Siti Resmisari

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Traditional Medicine ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Raw Material ◽

Active Compounds ◽

Traditional Markets ◽

Phytochemical Compounds

Traditional medicine "Subur Kandungan" is a medicine that is widely used and produced in Madura. The problem to develop Madura’s herb is raw material that hasn’t the standardized medicine used for Madura’s traditional medicine, because that raw materials are mostly purchased from traditional markets. This led to the standardization of Madura’s traditional medicine is difficult to do. This condition causes didn’t known active compounds contained in the Madura’s medicine. This study was conducted to determine the content of phytochemical compounds from ethanol extract medicine "Subur Kandungan" as well as antioxidant activity. Based on the results, it was concluded that the class of chemical compounds contained in the Madura’s traditional medicine "Subur Kandungan" are classified as a flavonoids and alkaloids, while the antioxidant activity of extracts of the medicine " Subur Kandungan " are expressed in IC50 was at 90.19 ppm classified as a strong antioxidant.

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Phytochemicals and GC-MS of Aquilaria beccariana van Tiegh leaves growing naturally and cultivated in North Sumatera

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/912/1/012079 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 912 (1) ◽

pp. 012079

Author(s):

R Batubara ◽

W Pulungan ◽

T I Hanum ◽

O Affandi

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Antioxidant Potential ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Activity Test ◽

Dpph Method

Abstract Aquilaria beccariana van Tiegh is one of the agarwood (gaharu) species that grows naturally and cultivatived. However, the chemical and antioxidant potential of its leaves have not been studied much. This research aimed to examine the chemical compounds and the antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of the agarwood leaves A. beccariana van Tiegh which grows naturally and cultivatived. The leaves were processed into simplicia and then extracted using 96% ethanol as solvent. Phytochemical screening agarwood leaves to determine the chemical compounds such as of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids/triterpenoids, saponins and tannis. The antioxidant activity test was carried out using the DPPH method to obtain the IC50 (Inhibitory Concentration) value. The compound tracing used GC-MS. The results showed that the simplicia and the extract of the leaves both natural-grown and cultivated contained secondary metabolites of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids/triterpenoids, and tannins positively, whereas the glycosides were only found in cultivated type. The result of the antioxidant activity test showed that the ethanol extract of the leaves of A. beccariana van Tiegh both natural-grown and cultivated was categorized as very strong. The results of the identification of chemical compounds by GC-MS were identified 18 compounds in the natural-grown leaves, while 40 compounds were identified in the cultivated ones.

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UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN MANGGA KASTURI (Mangifera casturi Kosterm.)

Jurnal Riset Kefarmasian Indonesia ◽

10.33759/jrki.v3i3.169 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 162-173

Author(s):

Dwi Lestari ◽

Muthia Dwi MA ◽

Jati Pratiwi ◽

Lidya Handoko Saputri

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Antioxidant Potential ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Activity Test ◽

Ic50 Value ◽

Dpph Method ◽

Ethanol Extracts

Mangga Kasturi (Mangifera casturi Kosterm.) is one of the plants in Indonesia that has potential as an antioxidant. The purpose of this study was to determine the IC50 value and antioxidant potential of the ethanol extract of mangga kasturi leaves (Mangifera casturi Kosterm.). The ethanol extract of mangga kasturi leaves (Mangifera casturi Kosterm.) was extracted using maceration with 96% ethanol as solvent. The antioxidant activity test was carried out using the DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazil) method using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and vitamin C as a comparison. The results of phytochemical screening tests on ethanol extracts showed positive secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and quinones. Testing the ethanol extract of Mangga Kasturi leaves (Mangifera casturi Kosterm.) with the DPPH method showed that the ethanol extract had an antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 83.61 ppm in the strong category of antioxidant potential.

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Antioxidant Activity of Dendrobium lasianthera and Geodorum densiflorum

Journal of Pharmacological Research and Developments ◽

10.46610/jprd.2021.v03i02.004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Eva Susanty Simaremare ◽

Eva Susanty Simaremare

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Dpph Method ◽

Ethanolic Extracts

Many antioxidants are obtained from plants that contain secondary metabolic compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, etc. Thus, the search for plants that are rich in natural antioxidants is conducted continuously, including orchids. Dendrobium lasianthera and Geodorum densiflorum are orchids having secondary metabolites that are thought to have antioxidant activity. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extracts of these two types of orchids using the DPPH method (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine). The results showed that the IC50 of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of D. lasianthera was 288.24 ppm and the stem was 26.27 ppm. The IC50 of the ethanol extract of leaves of G. densiflorum was 277.65 ppm and of the tubers was 197.48 ppm. Finally, the leaves have negligible antioxidant activity, but the stems and tubers had activity ranging from weak to very strong.

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UJI IMUNOSTIMULATOR DARI KOMBINASI EKSTRAK ETANOL HERBA BINARA (ARTEMISIA VULGARIS LINN) DAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN PUCUK MERAH (SYZYGIUM OLEANA) DENGAN METODE HIPERSENSITIVITAS TIPE LAMBAT PADA TIKUS JANTAN

Jurnal Penelitian Farmasi & Herbal ◽

10.36656/jpfh.v1i2.105 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 22-26

Author(s):

Romauli Anna Teresia Marbun ◽

Aminah Syarifuddin ◽

Montysory Silalahi ◽

Radika Bella Fista Ginting

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Immune System ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Positive Control ◽

Artemisia Vulgaris ◽

Chemical Screening ◽

Chemical Content ◽

High Antioxidant Activity ◽

New Treatments

Diseases mediated by the immune system are difficult problems to treat such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other lethal viruses. Infections that occur in normal people are generally brief and rarely leave permanent damage. Treatment of this disease requires an aggressive and innovative approach to the development of new treatments so that it requires the role of immunomodulators to improve the immune system. A substance that acts as an enhancer or immune enhancer can be obtained by using herbs that are efficacious as immunostimulants. One of the herbs used is herbal binara (Artemisia vulgaris L) which has been studied as a potential immunomodulator with high antioxidant activity. Previous research also stated that red shoots (Syzygium oleana) were studied as potential immunomodulators with high antioxidant activity. Several other species such as Syzygium samarangense have 16 flavonoida compounds which show pharmacological immunological activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the content of secondary metabolites of ethanol extract of herbal binara (Artemisia vulgaris L.) with red shoots (Syzygium oleana) and to determine the best dose of extract from the ethanol extract of herbal binara (Artemisia vulgaris L.) with red shoots (Syzygium oleana) can reduce the volume of swelling of mouse feet. Examination of the chemical content of secondary metabolites from the ethanol extract of herbal binara (Artemisia vulgaris L.) with red shoots (Syzygium oleana) is carried out by chemical screening and characterization of simplicia and extract. The method used is the slow type hypersensitivity method. In this test the independent variable is the secondary metabolite of ethanol extract of herb binara (Artemisia vulgaris L.) with red shoots (Syzygium oleana) with four concentrations (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg / kgBB). The positive control used by Stimuno dose is 32.5 mg / kgBB

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NEW FLAVONOIDS FROM THE AERIAL PARTS OF POLYGONUM EQUISETIFORME SM (POLYGONACEAE)

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i2.15593 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 166 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sayed A. El-toumy ◽

Joslin Y. Salib ◽

Nabila H. Shafik ◽

Asmaa S. Abd Elkarim ◽

Gihan A. Mick

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Methyl Ester ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Gallic Acid ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Dpph Method ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

Objective: The current study was to deal the isolation and identification of secondary metabolites from Polygonum equisetiforme and evaluation of antioxidant activity of its extract.Methods: The methanol-water extract (7:3) of the air-dried aerial parts of Polygonum equisetiforme was fractionated and separated to obtain the isolated compounds by different chromatographic techniques. Structures of these compounds were elucidated by UV and 1D⁄2D H⁄ C NMR spectroscopy and compared with the literature data. The crude extract was evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activity using the 2,2 diphenyl dipicryl hydrazine (DPPH) method.Results: Ten secondary metabolites were isolated from Polygonum equisetiforme in this study. Of which three new flavonoids named as 3,5,7,2’,5’ pentahydroxyflavone 3-O-b-D-glucopyranoside (1), 3,5,7,2’,5’ pentahydroxyflavone 3-O-b-D-glucopyranoside 8 C-sulphated (2) and quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucucorinde 6''-methyl ester 8-sulphated (3) as well as quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucucorinde methyl ester (4), quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), quercetin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), quercetin(7), myricetin (8), P-methoxy gallic acid methyl ester (9) and gallic acid (10). The antioxidant potential of P. equisetiforme extract was evaluated by investigating it's total phenolic and flavonoid content and DPPH radical scavenging activity whereby the extract showed significant antioxidant activity (IC50 = 37.45 μg/ml). The total phenolic and flavonoid content was found to be 130.79±5.502 and 45.8±1.63 μg/ml, respectively.Conclusion: Polygonum equisetiforme is a promising medicinal plant, and our study tends to support the therapeutic value of this plant as an antioxidant drug.

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Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Muntingia calabura dengan Variasi Laju Pengadukan Menggunakan Macerator-Magnetic Stirrer (M-MS)

Jurnal Pharmascience ◽

10.20527/jps.v7i2.9037 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 27

Author(s):

Muhammad Zaini ◽

Hajrah Hidriya ◽

Japeri Japeri

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Natural Compounds ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Magnetic Stirrer ◽

Stirring Rate ◽

Yield Value ◽

Dpph Method ◽

Chemical Content ◽

Muntingia Calabura

Maserasi merupakan salah satu metode ekstraksi yang digunakan untuk menarik kandungan kimia dari bahan alam. Macerator Magnetic Stirrer (M-MS) merupakan alat yang dikembangkan untuk memaksimalkan proses maserasi melalui pengadukan secara berkesinambungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan M-MS dalam proses ekstraksi senyawa bahan alam. Parameter yang digunakan yaitu persentase zat terekstraksi (% rendemen) dan aktivitas antioksidan (IC50) ekstrak etanol Muntingia calabura (EEMC) menggunakan metode DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazil). Pengujian dilakukan terhadap simplisia daun Muntingia calabura yang dimaserasi selama 24 jam menggunakan etanol 95% dengan maserator konvensional, M-MS dengan laju pengadukan 200 rpm dan 300 rpm. Pengadukan dengan maserator konvensional dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali setiap 8 jam, sedangkan dengan M-MS dilakukan secara kontinyu selama 24 jam. Nilai % rendemen EEMC dari maserator konevnsional, M-MS 200 rpm dan 300 rpm secara berturut-turut adalah 7,6 %, 8,4 % dan 10,2 %. Hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan menghasilkan nilai IC50 EEMC dengan maserator konvensional sebesar 18,19 ppm, M-MS 200 rpm adalah 14,35 ppm dan 300 rpm adalah 7,85 ppm. Nilai IC50 untuk masing-masing uji menunjukan < 50 ppm yang termasuk dalam kategori sangat kuat. Ekstraksi EEMC paling efektif adalah menggunakan M-MS dengan laju pengadukan 300 rpm. The maceration is one of the extraction methods used to extract chemical content from natural compounds. Macerator Magnetic Stirrer (M-MS) is a tool developed to maximize the maceration process through continuous stirring. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of using M-MS in the process of extracting natural compounds. The parameters used were the percentage of extracted substance (% yield) and antioxidant activity (IC50) of ethanol extract of Muntingia calabura (EEMC) using the DPPH method (2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazil). Tests were carried out on the simplicia of Muntingia calabura leaves which were macerated for 24 hours using 95% ethanol with a conventional macerator, M-MS with a stirring rate of 200 rpm and 300 rpm. Stirring with a conventional macerator was carried out 3 times every 8 hours, while with M-MS it was done continuously for 24 hours. EEMC yield value respectively of conventional macerator, M-MS at 200 rpm and 300 rpm showed 7.6 %, 8.4% and 10.2 %. The results of the antioxidant activity test resulted in the IC50 EEMC value with a conventional macerator is 18.19 ppm, M-MS 200 rpm is 14.35 ppm and 300 rpm is 7.85 ppm. The IC50 value for each test shows <50 ppm which is included in the very strong category. The most effective EEMC extraction is using M-MS with a stirring rate of 300 rpm.Keywords: maceration, M-MS, EEMC, antioxidant

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UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN SPONS Stylissa sp. DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil)

PHARMACON ◽

10.35799/pha.9.2020.30027 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 419

Author(s):

Samuel I.M. Sibarani ◽

Adithya Yudistira ◽

Deby A. Mpila

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Cell Wall ◽

Free Radicals ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Dna Bases ◽

Oxidation Reactions ◽

Terrestrial Plants ◽

Dpph Method ◽

High Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ethanol Extracts

ABSTRACTHabitat of sponge Stylissa sp., were under the sea and these sponges contain active compounds, which are more active than the compounds produced by terrestrial plants. Antioxidants are inhibitors of oxidation reactions due to the free radicals, which can cause weak damage to unsaturated cells, cell wall membranes, blood vessels, DNA bases, and lipid tissue, that causing disease. The study was conducted to determine the antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts of sponge Stylissa sp., which is located on the Bangka Island, Likupang District, North Minahasa Regency. Sponge Stylissa sp., was extracted by maceration with using ethanol. Testing of antioxidant activity was carried out by the DPPH method measured by a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results of the study showed that ethanol extracts of sponge Stylissa sp., has antioxidant activity in each concentration and the highest at a concentration of 100 mg / L. The conclusion is a ethanol extract of sponge Stylissa sp. have high antioxidant activity with a concentration of 25 mg/L (77,40%), concentration of 50 mg/L (85,63%), concentration of 75 mg/L (88,66%), and concentration 100 mg/L (88,96%). Key words: Stylissa sp. Sponge, Antioxidant, DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) ABSTRAKHabitat dari spons Stylissa sp. terdapat di bawah laut dan spons ini mengandung senyawa aktif yang persentase keaktifannya lebih besar dibandingkan dengan senyawa-senyawa yang dihasilkan oleh tumbuhan darat. Antioksidan adalah zat penghambat reaksi oksidasi akibat radikal bebas yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan lemah tak jenuh, membran dinding sel, pembuluh darah, basa DNA, dan jaringan lipid sehingga menimbulkan penyakit. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol biota laut spons Stylissa sp. yang terdapat di pulau Bangka, Kecamatan Likupang, Kabupaten Minahasa Utara. Spons Stylissa sp. ini diekstrak dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan ini dilakukan dengan metode DPPH yang diukur dengan alat spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa ekstrak etanol spons Stylissa sp. memiliki aktivitas antioksidan disetiap konsentrasi dan yang tertinggi pada konsentrasi 100 mg/L. Kesimpulan yang didapat bahwa ekstrak etanol spons Stylissa sp. memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi dengan konsentrasi 25 mg/L (77,40%), konsentrasi 50 mg/L (85,63%), konsentrasi 75 mg/L (88,66%), dan konsentrasi 100 mg/L (88,96%). Kata Kunci : Spons Stylissa sp., Antioksidan, DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil)

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UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL BULBUS BAWANG DAYAK (Eleutherine americana Merr) DENGAN METODE DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl)

PHARMACON ◽

10.35799/pha.9.2020.30031 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 451

Author(s):

Rizkah V. Mokoginta ◽

Herny E. I. Simbala ◽

Karlah L.R Mansauda

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Onion Plant ◽

Dpph Method ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Experimental Laboratory ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

Eleutherine Americana

ABSTRACTDayak onion plant (Eleutherine americana Merr.) or commonly called forest onion is a typical plant of Central Kalimantan that has been used by local peoples for cure a various types of diseases. This study aims to determine the activity of antioxidant compounds from Dayak bulb ethanol extracts from Kotamobagu City. This research method is an experimental laboratory. Initially the Dayak bulb sample was extracted maceration with 96% ethanol solvent then evaporated until a thick extract was obtained. As a parameter, the DPPH method (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) was used to test the antioxidant activity of the samples at concentrations of 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 mg / L and as a comparison standard used Vitamin C with concentrations of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mg / L. The results obtained showed antioxidant activity in Dayak bulb ethanol extracts with IC50 values of 41.46 mg / L and on vitamin C IC50 values of 1.04 mg / L. Based on these results it can be concluded that the onion bulb ethanol extract has very strong antioxidant activity. Keywords: Dayak Onion bulbs, Activity, Antioxidant, DPPH ABSTRAK Tanaman bawang Dayak (Eleutherine americana Merr.) atau biasa disebut bawang hutan merupakan tanaman khas Kalimantan Tengah yang sudah dipergunakan masyarakat lokal sebagai obat berbagai jenis penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas senyawa antioksidan dari ekstrak etanol bulbus bawang Dayak yang berasal dari Kota Kotamobagu. Metode penelitian ini adalah eksperimental laboratorium. Awalnya sampel bulbus bawang Dayak diekstraksi maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96% kemudian dievaporasi hingga didapatkan ekstrak kental. Sebagai parameter, digunakan metode DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) untuk pengujian aktivitas antioksidan sampel pada konsentrasi 50, 60, 70, 80 dan 90 mg/L dan sebagai standar pembanding digunakan Vitamin C dengan konsentrasi 2, 4, 6, 8 dan 10 mg/L. Hasil penelitian yang didapat menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan pada ekstrak etanol bulbus bawang Dayak dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 41,46 mg/L dan pada vitamin C nilai IC50 sebesar 1,04 mg/L. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol bulbus bawang Dayak memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat kuat. Kata kunci: Bulbus Bawang Dayak, Aktivitas, Antioksidan, DPPH

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