scholarly journals «ТРИ ОНТОЛОГІЧНІ ВИМІРИ ТІЛА» Ж.-П. САРТРА В КОНТЕКСТІ СОМАТИЧНОЇ ПРОБЛЕМАТИКИ СУЧАСНОГО ГУМАНІТАРНОГО ДИСКУРСУ

2019 ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
Maryna Volodymyrivna Olkhovyk
Keyword(s):  
Information Society ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Target Setting ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
The World

The urgency of the research resulted from the need for a comprehensive analysis of all dimensions of personal somatic existence, its structural changes and variability, possible transformations and functioning within the information society, and, consequently, determining the role of body in the latest social tendencies. Target setting. The paper reveals the main aspects of somatic issues and the "theory of the body for the Other" suggested by J. P. Sartre in one of his main works "Being and Nothingness". To achieve this goal the theoretical and methodological foundations of somatic issues in the scientific discourse of the 20th - early 21st centuries have been studied. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. E. Husserl, J. Lacan, M. Merleau-Ponty, J. P. Sartre, Z. Freud, representatives of surrealism (J. Bataille, A. Arto), French poststructuralism (R. Barth, J. Deleuze, F. Guattari, J. Baudrillard, M. Foucault) and studies by M. Bakhtin, Y. Lotman, A. Losev had a significant influence on the understanding of the body as a cultural universal. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. Examining the originality of Sartre's ideas about the body and "body-for-the-Other", the peculiarities of the existential understanding of a man, especially his body characteristics, have been determined. The analysis of the work "Being and Nothingness" makes it possible to study the theory of "body-for-the-Other," its components, to clarify three ontological dimensions of the body and the relations with others as basic in Sartre's philosophy. The research objective. To reveal the main aspects of the somatic problems of J.P. Sartre's “theory of the body for the Other”, suggested by him in one of the major works “Being and Nothingness” and explore the further transformation of the concept of the Other in its bodily aspects in the context of the problem of identity. The statement of basic materials. The category of the Other is peculiar because with its help Sartre explains the existence of a man. The existence of the Other must be recognized as an inviolable fact. And this is what allows a person to discover their own existence. As a result, a person finds themselves not as a subject who knows, but as a certain state (shame, pride, fear, nausea), as actual existence. And it is impossible to find this existence in oneself only by means of the Other. By alienating a person's abilities and capabilities, the other makes self-reflection possible - the person (I) finds these states and tries to objectify them again. Objectification, the appropriation of a person's own capabilities and abilities is empirically carried out by the relation of bodies. The body of the other, allowing the man to open his body, organizes the world in a certain order. Therefore, Sartre's body, both mine and the body of the other, is the value of meaning. Conclusions. These studies laid the foundation for the tradition of analyzing the phenomenon of the Other, which has become central to the postmodern tradition. The paper reveals the features of the influence of the above ideas on the socio-cultural space, in particular on the example of the problem of identity and the theory of the Other.

scholarly journals Descriptions of the cult of the Aztec god Tezcatlipoca in sources of Spanish origin

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
Oleksii Otkydach
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
The World ◽  
Problematic Issue ◽  
History Of ◽  
Autochthonous Population ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Different Sources

The author of the article aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of sources of Spanish origin, since they constitute the most significant category of documents used by Amerindologists. At the same time, it draws attention to the historiography of the topic. Conditionally, it is divided into two groups: works that highlight the general features of the entire pantheon of Aztecs and those that analyze the cult of Tezcatlipoca itself and its characteristics. The use of the linguistic method in connection with the names of Tezcatlipoca allows us to understand the functions that the Aztecs bestowed on this god and more accurately interpret the mentioned deity. Particular attention is paid to the translation of Nahuatl names and the explanations given by the authors of the sources. Comparing the names of the god and the descriptions of his cult, created after the conquest, allows us to trace how the Europeans could at their own discretion treat Tezcatlipoca as an individual representative of the pantheon and how the autochthonous population of central Mexico saw it. In addition to the analysis of names, the paper reviews the main holidays in honor of Tezcatlipoca, compares the testimony of different sources on this occasion. In this context, the prayers and typical sacrifices of the worship of this god are analyzed. This allows to expand the range of ideas about the essence and functions of Tezcatlipoca, as well as to trace the various local variants of his cult within central Mexico The article also explores the legends that cite sources of Spanish descent about Tezcatlipoca. Because of this, two different traditions of mythological tradition about the mentioned god were distinguished. One is likely to relay events in the history of Tollan in the form of a legend, while the other reflects representations of the creating of the world and the role of Tezcatlipoca in this. Moreover, the first variant of the myth of the mentioned god has differences in different sources of Spanish origin, which allows for a more thorough analysis of these testimonies. Further development of the problematic issue is to attract sources of pre-colonial age, which will help to create a more thorough understanding of this cult.

scholarly journals Multiple bodies in the spirituality of the gay porn star McCree: reflections on corporeality and subjectivity

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 333-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Nynäs
Keyword(s):  
Personal Narrative ◽  
Body Modification ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Public Image ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Body Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
Empirical Perspective

Body modification practices have lately gained growing visibility in contemporary Western cultures. It is more like a trend or fashion ranging from, on the on hand, decorative tattoos and piercing, to branding, implants and surgery on the other. In most forms body modification occurs without any obvious religious, spiritual or ideological marks attached, but some forms involve discourses that explicitly address such aspirations. However, despite the fluidity and diversity of practices, it can be claimed that body modification represents specific or distinct ways of working with the body that differ from other forms of contemporary Western body cultures. Further, it needs be considered as part of the broader body culture. Hence it draws our attention to the role of corporeality in contemporary Western culture. Body modification could be regarded as a reaction to the nature of contemporary society, a way of compensating the lack of corporeal engagement in the world. Its former association with different subcultures might underpin this oppositional position. On the other hand, some scholars regard body-modification as nothing but part of the contemporary free floating carnival of signs, as mere mainstream supermarket signifiers, emptied of meaning and deprived of any external references. In this article emphasis is put on forms of body modification that more explicitly connote religion. One example of body modification is explored from an empirical perspective: the story about the spirituality of the gay porn star Logan McCree. This is a personal narrative about spirituality in which tattooing plays a central role. Still, despite being personal it is also part of McCree’s public image. With the help of both literature and the examples on body modification the place of corporeality in the story of McCree is explored. The aim is to shed some light on corporeality and in particular in relation to subjectivity. 

Covid-19 – rumours and facts in media

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 171-174
Author(s):  
Tarare Toshida ◽  
Chaple Jagruti
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The People ◽  
The World

The covid-19 resulted in broad range of spread throughout the world in which India has also became a prey of it and in this situation the means of media is extensively inϑluencing the mentality of the people. Media always played a role of loop between society and sources of information. In this epidemic also media is playing a vital role in shaping the reaction in ϑirst place for both good and ill by providing important facts regarding symptoms of Corona virus, preventive measures against the virus and also how to deal with any suspect of disease to overcome covid-19. On the other hand, there are endless people who spread endless rumours overs social media and are adversely affecting life of people but we always count on media because they provide us with valuable answers to our questions, facts and everything in need. Media always remains on top of the line when it comes to stop the out spread of rumours which are surely dangerous kind of information for society. So on our side we should react fairly and maturely to handle the situation to keep it in the favour of humanity and help government not only to ϑight this pandemic but also the info emic.

scholarly journals Human as a phenomenon of unity of corporeal and spiritual in various-system languages (based on the material of euphemisms in the English and Buryat languages)

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Oyuna Tsydendambaeva ◽  
Olga Dorzheeva
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
The Body ◽  
Linguistic Expression ◽  
The West ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common

This article is dedicated to the examination of euphemisms in the various-system languages – English and Buryat that contain view of the world by a human, and the ways of their conceptualization. Euphemisms remain insufficiently studied. Whereupon, examination of linguistic expression of the key concepts of culture is among the paramount programs of modern linguistics, need for the linguoculturological approach towards analysis of euphemisms in the languages, viewing it in light of the current sociocultural transformations, which are refer to euphemisms and values reflected by them. The subject of this research is the euphemisms in the English and Buryat languages, representing the semiosphere “corporeal and spiritual”. The scientific novelty consists in introduction of the previously unexamined euphemism in Buryat language that comprise semiosphere “corporeal and spiritual” into the scientific discourse. The analysis of language material testifies to the fact that in various cultures the topic of intimacy and sex is euphemized differently. The lexis indicating the intimate parts of the body is vividly presented in the West, while in Buryat language – rather reserved. The author also determines the common, universal, and nationally marked components elucidating the linguistic worldview of different ethnoses and cultures.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Dramatic Text and Performance with the Centrality of the Body with a Look at Anne Bogart’s Rendition of The Persians

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Samin Gheitasy ◽  
Leila Montazeri ◽  
Simin Dolatkhah
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Physical Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
Dramatic Text ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Anne Bogart ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sociological View

The dramatic text defines, to some extent, the structure of the work but the type of performance and the physical approach to the text can represent different meanings. The body of the actor, as a means of conveying concepts from the text to the audience, can be effective in creating different interpretations and meanings of the text. Since eons ago, directors have used the body of the actor with different approaches, and the application of body on the stage has always been underdoing changes. Anne Bogart is one of the few directors who is less known in the Iranian theater despite possessing the most updated and well-known methods of practice and performance in the world. Using her viewpoint method, she brings live and dynamic bodies to the stage; bodies that are able to convey the hidden meanings of the text to the audience in the most suitable way. The overall purpose of this research is to find the relationship between the dramatic text and the performance with the centrality of the body with a sociological view toward the body. To this end, by presenting Foucault's theories, the researchers defines the role of the body in the society and its extent of effectivity and impressibility. Finally, this study explores the implications of this role in each element of Aeschylus’s The Persians, and it shall show how Bogart beautifully represents them using the bodies of her actors during performance.

scholarly journals “It is not a miracle, but grief...”: representations of Sergey Kozlov's on soteriological mission of the woman (based on the novella “Mother-Masha”)

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Alena Petrovna Kashkareva
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Female Images ◽  
Textual Space ◽  
The World ◽  
National Salvation

This article analyzes the views of the contemporary Ugric writer Sergey Kozlov pertaining to mission of the women in 1990s – 2000s, which was the turning period for the country. The novella “Mother-Masha” demonstrates that it textual space, namely the woman becomes the symbol of justice of the Christian fabric of life, and is reflected in the sincere desire of the protagonist to establish good and justice in the world. The author contemplates on S. Kozlov's ideological and artistic views upon the role of the woman at the time of major transformations in the Russian history. Reference to the writer’s fictional prose, diaries, and interviews allows revealing the peculiarities of his axiological position in the context of the Russian philosophy of femininity. The scientific novelty of this research is substantiated by the need for articulation of the problem related to the study of specificity of female images in the creative heritage of Siberian writer Sergey Kozlov. Comprehensive analysis of the writer's novella “Mother-Masha” included into the book “Duty Angel” (2011) is carried out. The article introduces the sources, such as diary notes and interview materials, which have not been previously used in studying the works of S. Kozlov. The conclusion is made that soteriological mission was imposed on Mother Masha – the woman who proliferated the Divine Commandments to the world and is associated with the symbol of national salvation.

scholarly journals Body Meets Space. Space Becomes Dress.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Lipsit
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Experience ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
The World ◽  
Soft Architecture

Forming. Shifting. Shaping. The envelope of one’s physiological body extends outwards in multiple shells, layer by layer. The versions of this envelope exist in the interstitial moment between clothing and architecture; ever forming and being formed, they shift and shape the circulation and happenings of the body on one side and the world on the other. The study of garments lends architecture recognition of various visible and invisible forces that create space and envelope. When space becomes dress, body specificity and movement is emphasized, and the geometries of the physiological body and what it means to experience space as an individual becomes primary, achieving a qualitative, sensory experience extending from the powers of kinaesthetic sense. Oscillating between scales and acts of making, model experimentation invents new ways to conceive and create architecture — a soft architecture finds itself operating here: on the liminal edge of body, envelope, and space

scholarly journals The Possible Role of Bifidobacterium longum BB536 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 on Locomotor Activity and Oxidative Stress in a Rotenone-Induced Zebrafish Model of Parkinson’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ovidiu-Dumitru Ilie ◽  
Emanuela Paduraru ◽  
Madalina-Andreea Robea ◽  
Ioana-Miruna Balmus ◽  
Roxana Jijie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group

Background. As every organ within the body, the brain is also extremely susceptible to a plethora of noxious agents that change its chemistry. One component frequently found in current products against harmful species to crops is rotenone whose effect under prolonged exposure has been demonstrated to cause neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease. The latest reports have indeed revealed that rotenone promotes Parkinson’s in humans, but studies aiming to show congruent effects in zebrafish (Danio rerio) are lacking. Material and Methods. In this context, the aim of the present study was to demonstrate how chronic administration of rotenone for 3 weeks impairs the locomotor activity and sociability and induces oxidative stress in zebrafish. Results. There were no statistically significant differences following the analysis of their social interaction and locomotor tests ( p > 0.05 ). However, several exceptions have been noted in the control, rotenone, and probiotics groups when we compared their locomotor activity during the pretreatment and treatment interval ( p < 0.05 ). We further assessed the role of rotenone in disturbing the detoxifying system as represented by three enzymes known as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Despite the fact that there were no statistically significant changes within SOD and GPx levels between the control group and rotenone, probiotics, and rotenone + probiotics ( p > 0.05 ), relevant changes have been observed between the analyzed groups ( p < 0.05 and p < 0.005 , respectively). On the other hand, significant differences ( p < 0.05 ) have been observed for MDA when we analyzed the data between the control group and the other three groups. Conclusions. Our results suggest that rotenone can be successfully used to trigger Parkinson’s disease-related symptomatology in zebrafish.

Bodily Chiasms

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 63-83
Author(s):  
Hugo Letiche
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Woman ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nursing Research ◽  
Research Paradigm ◽  
Relational Understanding ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Rich Description ◽  
The World ◽  
Radical Interaction

The theory of the body I want to explore here, assumes that researcher and researched are part of the same flesh of the world and can be understood in radical conjunction and not in duality. An interview is examined, first from the lifeworld (nursing) research paradigm and thereafter on the hand of Merleau-Ponty's concept of the reversibility of touching and being touched, wherein ‘subject’ (who touches) and ‘object’ (who is touched) are radically interrelated and coconstituted. Merleau-Ponty develops his reflections on this radical interaction as the ‘chiasm’. Although investigating the ‘chiasm’ can be seen as lifeworld research, the more common lifeworld approach only leads to rich description, which lacks the radical relational understanding of Merleau-Ponty's insights. I believe that acknowledgement of the chiasms of interrelationship reveals complex processes of enfoldment taking place between researcher and researched, writer and reader. All of them are enclosed in what Merleau-Ponty called the enfoldments or flesh of the world; which makes it very difficult to determine who touches whom and who is touched by whom. Research, when it tries to see, interpret and study the other, focuses on the visible of touching and being touched; but these inherently carry with them the invisible of the same actions. The consequences of these relationships for my study of a specific elderly woman are explored here.

Evolution of water balance in the genusDrosophila

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (13) ◽  
pp. 2331-2338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen G. Gibbs ◽  
Luciano M. Matzkin
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Dehydration Tolerance ◽  
Cactophilic Drosophila ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
The World

SUMMARYFruit flies of the genus Drosophila have independently invaded deserts around the world on numerous occasions. To understand the physiological mechanisms allowing these small organisms to survive and thrive in arid environments, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of water balance in Drosophila species from different habitats. Desert (cactophilic) species were more resistant to desiccation than mesic ones. This resistance could be accomplished in three ways: by increasing the amount of water in the body, by reducing rates of water loss or by tolerating the loss of a greater percentage of body water (dehydration tolerance). Cactophilic Drosophila lost water less rapidly and appeared to be more tolerant of low water content, although males actually contained less water than their mesic congeners. However, when the phylogenetic relationships between the species were taken into account, greater dehydration tolerance was not correlated with increased desiccation resistance. Therefore, only one of the three expected adaptive mechanisms, lower rates of water loss, has actually evolved in desert Drosophila, and the other apparently adaptive difference between arid and mesic species (increased dehydration tolerance) instead reflects phylogenetic history.

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