Pengaruh Media Tanam Hidroponik terhadap Pertumbuhan Bayam (Amaranthus sp.) dan Selada (Lactuca sativa)

As the human population rises, the demand for high nutritional foods, such as green vegetables, also increases. However, agricultural land, especially in urban areas, is increasingly narrowing. Hydroponics can be one of the solutions to answer this problem. In addition to complete nutrition, hydroponic plants also require appropriate media for root attachments, water absorption, and aeration. However, no studies have compared the growth of hydroponic plants using rockwool and sponge as affordable growing media. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of local rockwool, imported rockwool, and sponge as growing media on the growth of spinach (Amaranthus sp.) and green lettuce (Lactuca sativa) using Deep Flow Technique (DFT). This study used a Completely Randomized Design with three treatment groups, i.e., three different growing media, for spinach and lettuce. At the harvest period, the number of leaves on each plant was counted, the crown fresh-weight was balanced, and the chlorophyll content was determined. Plant height was also measured for spinach. The results showed no significant differences in all observed parameters except for the crown fresh-weight of the lettuce. The crown fresh-weight of the lettuce grown on sponge media was found to be the lowest significantly (81.47 ± 9.50 g) among all treatment groups. Other hydroponic growing media’s influences can be investigated for further research, with additional growth parameters such as crown dry-weight, root fresh- and dry-weight, as well as the determination of plant phytochemical contents. Moreover, the composition of nutrients can also be further examined to reveal the type of growing media and nutritional formulations that are most optimum for hydroponic spinach and lettuce growth.

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PEMANFAATAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR PAITAN (Tithonia diversifolia) PADA BERBAGAI DOSIS DAN RAGAM APLIKASINYA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN KAILAN (Brassica oleracea Var. Acephala)

JURNAL AGROTEKNOLOGI ◽

10.24014/ja.v11i1.7802 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 25

Author(s):

AHMAD TAOFIK ◽

SOFIYA HASANI ◽

AYU CAHYANINGTYAS ◽

BUDY FRASETYA

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Height ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Application Method ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Two Factors

The paitan plant contains allelopathic compounds for other plants so that the utilize of paitan plant as a source of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) has not been widely applied. This research aimed to study the interaction between LOF dosage and appropriate application method of LOF to increase the growth of kailan plants. The research conducted at experimental garden of UIN Bandung from June-August 2016. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with two factors and replicated four times. The first factor was application methods (A), i.e. a1=direct application to the soil, and a2= spraying. The second factor was LOF dosage (T), i.e. t0: 0 ml plant-1, t1: 20 ml plant-1, t2: 40 ml plant-1, t3: 60 ml plant-1, t4: 80 ml plant-1. The growth parameters observed i.e. plant height (14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 Day after Transplanting (DAT)), leaf area 42 DAT, plant dry weight 42 DAT, and plant fresh weight 42 DAT. The data then analyzed with analysis of variance at a significant level of 5%. If the analysis of variance was significant, the Duncan multiple range test was used at α=5%. The research results showed there was no interaction between method of application with a various dosage of paitan LOF to all of the growth parameters. The application paitan LOF showed similar growth in terms of plant height, leaf area, plant dry, and plant fresh weight. The application method of paitan LOF direct to the soil or spraying to leaves can not increase kailan plant growth.

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Pengaruh Berbagai Perlakuan Nutrisi Larutan Hidroponik Pada Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kangkung (Ipomoea aquatica)

BIOSCIENTIAE ◽

10.20527/b.v17i2.3452 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Masriah Masriah

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Solution Concentration ◽

Supply Source ◽

Best Response ◽

Randomized Design ◽

The One

Hydroponic cultivation systems are often applied to overcome the shortage of agricultural land in this case food crops, especially vegetables. Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) is the one of various ways to grow crops hydroponically. Hydroponic systems are carried out without the use of soil media and it can be an alternative solution for the efficient use of land. Uniformity of nutrients and nutrient solution concentration levels required to be adjusted. Nutrient solution as a water supply source and minerals. Nutrition is an important factor for the growth and quality of hydroponic plants should be appropriate in terms of the number of ion composition of nutrients. This study aimed to determined the effect of various treatments of hydroponic nutrient solution on plant growth kale. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. Kale seed sowing in the growing media rockwool and nourished by nutrient A, nutrient B, combination of nutrients A and B (3: 1), or a combination of nutrients A and B (1: 3). Plant growth parameters such as plant height, number of leaves, wet weight, dry weight, and dry weight without root measured. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance ANOVA and DMRT test with α = 95%. The results showed that affect the nutrient solution hydroponic plant growth kale. Kale plants with a combination of nutrient A and nutrient B ratio of 3: 1 (treatment C) give the best response compared with other treatments.

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Crescimento de plântulas de alface (Lactuca sativa L.) em solo oriundo de um povoamento de Luetzelburgia auriculata (Allemão) Ducke

Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável ◽

10.18378/rvads.v11i2.4260 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 33

Author(s):

Érika do Nascimento Fernandes Pinto ◽

Jacob Silva Souto ◽

Francisco de Assis Pereira Leonardo ◽

César Henrique Alves Borges ◽

Roberto Ferreira Barroso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactuca Sativa ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Allelopathic Effect ◽

Lettuce Seeds ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Outdoor Area ◽

Soil Settlement ◽

Lettuce Growth ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Shoot Weight

Esta pesquisa buscou conhecer características alelopáticas e de fertilidade de um solo oriundo de povoamento de Luetzelburgia auriculata (Allemão) Ducke), através da avaliação do crescimento de plantas de alface. Inicialmente, realizou-se a coleta do solo sob o povoamento da L. auriculata (SPL) e de uma área externa a esse povoamento (SAE), na Fazenda Cachoeira de São Porfírio, em Várzea-PB, e encaminhou-se para o Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus de Patos. Em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, aplicaram-se cinco tratamentos com cinco repetições, colocando-se três sementes de alface por vaso contendo os seguintes tratamentos: T1=100%SAE; T2=100%SPL; T3=75%SPL; T4=50%SPL e T5=25%SPL. Aos 63 dias da semeadura, realizou-se a colheita e mensuraram-se as variáveis: comprimento da parte aérea, da raiz, peso da massa fresca da parte aérea, área foliar e número de folhas de cada indivíduo e a análise química dos substratos. Aplicou-se a ANOVA e o teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. O solo do povoamento da L. auriculata (SPL) apresentou uma maior quantidade de nutrientes em relação ao solo da área externa ao povoamento (SAE) e influenciou positivamente no crescimento das plantas de alface. No entanto, em apenas três dos cinco tratamentos aplicados (T1, T2 e T3), a alface se desenvolveu. Em T1, T2 e T3 as variáveis analisadas diferiram estatisticamente em função da origem dos solos utilizados e da proporção do esterco bovino. O solo oriundo do povoamento de L. auriculata não apresentou efeito alelopático sobre os parâmetros de crescimento da alface.Seedling growth lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in soil arising out of a settlement Luetzelburgia auriculata (Allemão) DuckeAbstract: This research aimed to know allelopathic characteristics and fertility of the soil arising out settlement Luetzelburgia auriculata (Allemão) Ducke by assessing the growth of lettuce plants. Initially, there was the collection of the soil under the settlement of L. auriculata (SSL) and an outdoor area to this settlement (AOS), the Cachoeira de São Porfírio Farm, in Várzea-PB, and walked to the Center for Health and Rural Technology at Federal University of Campina Grande, Campus of Patos. In a completely randomized design , applied to five treatments with five repetitions , placing three lettuce seeds per pot with the following treatments: T1=100%AOS; T2=100% SSL; T3=75% SSL, T4=50% SSL and T5=25% SSL. After 63 days of sowing, held the harvest and the variables measured: shoot length, root, fresh weight of shoot weight, leaf area and leaf number of each individual and the analysis chemical substrates. Applied to ANOVA and Tukey's test at 5% probability. The soil settlement of L. auriculata (SSL) showed a greater amount of nutrients from the ground of the area outside the settlement (AOS) and positively influenced the growth of lettuce plants. However, only three of the five treatments applied (T1, T2 and T3), lettuce developed. In T1 , T2 and T3 variables analyzed differed significantly depending on the soil origin used and the proportion of cattle manure. The soil arising from population of L. auriculata showed no allelopathic effect on lettuce growth parameters.

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Growth and Antioxidant Responses in Iron-Biofortified Lentil under Cadmium Stress

Toxics ◽

10.3390/toxics9080182 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 182

Author(s):

Ruchi Bansal ◽

Swati Priya ◽

Harsh Kumar Dikshit ◽

Sherry Rachel Jacob ◽

Mahesh Rao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Parameters ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Cadmium Stress ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Limited Information ◽

Cd Stress ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Cd Uptake ◽

Cd Tolerance ◽

Controlled Conditions

Cadmium (Cd) is a hazardous heavy metal, toxic to our ecosystem even at low concentrations. Cd stress negatively affects plant growth and development by triggering oxidative stress. Limited information is available on the role of iron (Fe) in ameliorating Cd stress tolerance in legumes. This study assessed the effect of Cd stress in two lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) varieties differing in seed Fe concentration (L4717 (Fe-biofortified) and JL3) under controlled conditions. Six biochemical traits, five growth parameters, and Cd uptake were recorded at the seedling stage (21 days after sowing) in the studied genotypes grown under controlled conditions at two levels (100 μM and 200 μM) of cadmium chloride (CdCl2). The studied traits revealed significant genotype, treatment, and genotype × treatment interactions. Cd-induced oxidative damage led to the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde in both genotypes. JL3 accumulated 77.1% more H2O2 and 75% more lipid peroxidation products than L4717 at the high Cd level. Antioxidant enzyme activities increased in response to Cd stress, with significant genotype, treatment, and genotype × treatment interactions (p < 0.01). L4717 had remarkably higher catalase (40.5%), peroxidase (43.9%), superoxide dismutase (31.7%), and glutathione reductase (47.3%) activities than JL3 under high Cd conditions. In addition, L4717 sustained better growth in terms of fresh weight and dry weight than JL3 under stress. JL3 exhibited high Cd uptake (14.87 mg g−1 fresh weight) compared to L4717 (7.32 mg g−1 fresh weight). The study concluded that the Fe-biofortified lentil genotype L4717 exhibited Cd tolerance by inciting an efficient antioxidative response to Cd toxicity. Further studies are required to elucidate the possibility of seed Fe content as a surrogacy trait for Cd tolerance.

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Applications of plant growth promoting bacteria and Trichoderma spp. for controlling Orobanche crenata in faba bean

Bulletin of the National Research Centre ◽

10.1186/s42269-019-0263-y ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mahmoud Ahmed Touny El-Dabaa ◽

Hassan Abd-El-Khair

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Faba Bean ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Research Centre ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Orobanche Crenata ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Shoot Dry Weight

Abstract Background Orobanche crenata is an obligate root parasite belonging to Orbanchaceae. Broomrape causes great damage to the faba bean. Several attempts were applied for controlling parasitic weeds. So, the aim of this work is to study the application of Trichoderma spp. as well as three rhizobacteria species in comparison to herbicidal effect of Glyphosate (Glialka 48% WSC) for controlling broomrape infesting faba bean (Vicia faba). Materials and methods Three pot experiments were carried out in the greenhouse of the National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt during two successive winter seasons. Trichoderma inocula were adjusted to 3.6 × 108 propagules/ml and the bacterium inocula were adjusted at 107–109 colony-forming unit (CFU)/ml. All treatments were applied, before 1 week of sowing, at rate of 50 ml per pot in experiments I and II, while 100 ml per pot in experiment III. Results Trichoderma spp. (T. harzianum, T. viride and T. vierns) as well as three rhizobacteria species (Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumilus) enhanced the growth parameters in faba bean plants, i.e. shoot length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight and leaf number in the first experiment when applied without O. crenata infection. In the second experiment, all bio-control could protect plants against O. crenata infection, where it had better juvenile number reduction, than glyphosate after 2 months of application. Both B. subtilis and B. pumilus had the highest reduction to juvenile fresh weight, while their effect was equal to herbicide for juvenile dry weight, respectively. The bio-control agents had high effects until the 4th month, but it was less than that of the herbicide. In experiment III, the bio-control agents could highly reduce the juvenile parameters after 2 months, as well as juvenile fresh weight and juvenile dry weight after 4 months, than the herbicide, respectively. The bio-control agents were effective until 6 months, but less than the herbicide effect. All bio-control treatments highly increased the plant growth parameters, than the herbicide. Conclusion The application of Trichoderma spp. as well as rhizobacteria species could play an important role in controlling broomrape in faba bean as a natural bioherbicide.

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The Effect of Rhizobium japonicum on the Growth of Soybean Cultivars in Coastal Area

Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science) ◽

10.22146/ipas.36371 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 33

Author(s):

Okti Purwaningsih ◽

C. Tri Kusumastuti ◽

Y. Sulistyo Nugroho ◽

Casper Yoda Morib

Keyword(s):

Coastal Area ◽

Root Nodule ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Rhizobium Japonicum ◽

Soybean Cultivars ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Two Factors ◽

Cultivation Technology ◽

Soybean Plants

The natural resources of the coastal area in Indonesia have the potential to be developed as an agricultural land with the support of both cultivation technology and land processing, which one of them was done by using Rhizobium japonicum bacteria to meet the need of nitrogen in the soybean plants. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of nitrogen fixation in various soybean cultivars planted in the coastal area. The research was conducted in Mancingan, Parangtritis, Kretek, Bantul, DIY. The study was designed in Completely Randomized Design which consisted of two factors and was repeated three times. Factor I was Rhizobium japonicum inoculation (with inoculation and without inoculation); factor II was 10 various cultivars of soybean (Grobogan, Burangrang, Argomulyo, Anjasmara, Dena 1, Gema, Kaba, Wilis, Sinabung, Gepak Kuning). The results showed that the inoculation of Rhizobium japonicum in soybean cultivars in a coastal area could increase the number of root nodule, dry weight of root nodule, dry seed weight per plant, and harvest index. Burangrang cultivar planted in the coastal area was the most responsive to Rhizobium japonicum inoculation among other soybean cultivars tested.

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MEDIA TANAMORGANIK DAN POSISI TANAM BENIH PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT KOPI ROBUSTA (COFFEA CANEPHORA )

GANEC SWARA ◽

10.35327/gara.v14i1.132 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 544

Author(s):

ANAK AGUNG GEDE PUTRA ◽

PANDE GEDE GUNAMANTA ◽

KETUT TURAINI INDRA WINTEN

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Coffea Canephora ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Study Program ◽

Growing Media ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Leaf Compost ◽

Organic Compost

The study aimed to determine the effect of organic planting media and the position of seed planting on the growth of Robusta coffee seedlings. The study is conducted at the Tabanan Agrotechnology Study Program, Tabanan University, which conducted from July 2019 to September 2019. The treatments are arranged in factorial in a randomized block design (RBD). Two treatments examined in this study were the doses of organic matter in the growing media (0g, 150 g, 300 g, 450 g) and seed position (prone position, upside down, tilted position). The results show that the interaction between organic planting media (soil + coffee leaf compost) and seed planting position did not significantly affect all coffee seedlings growth variables. The dose of organic compost in the growing media has a very significant effect on all growth variables except when growing and the percentage of growth. The dosing of 450 g organic matter gave the highest root fresh weight, fresh stem weight and fresh leaf weight (1.00 g, 2.97 g and 8.64 g respectively) and oven dry weight for the three variables (respectively 0.39 g, 0.55 g and 1.36 g). Seed planting position has no significant effect on all observed variables, but there is The tendency of planting position with the prone on average gives better growth compared to other positions.

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ROLE OF 2,4-DIHYDROXY-7-METHOXY-1,4-BENZOXAZIN-3-ONE (DIMBOA) IN THE RESISTANCE OF MAIZE TO WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM, DIABROTICA VIRGIFERA VIRGIFERA (LECONTE) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent1221177-11 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 122 (6) ◽

pp. 1177-1186 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Y.S. Xie ◽

J.T. Arnason ◽

B.J.R. Philogène ◽

J.D.H. Lambert ◽

J. Atkinson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Parameters ◽

Adult Emergence ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽

Head Capsule ◽

Western Corn Rootworm ◽

Corn Rootworm ◽

Diabrotica Virgifera ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Growing Seasons

Abstract2,4-Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA), the major hydroxamic acid present in corn root, was studied for its effects on western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (LeConte). Exogenously applied DIMBOA caused mortality in western corn rootworm larvae feeding on fresh corn roots. The LC50 (lethal concentration for 50% mortality) value (fiducial limits) was 153 ppm (108–209) and the LC90 value was 917 ppm (560–2297). The deleterious effects of DIMBOA on western corn rootworm larvae possibly are due to both feeding deterrence and toxicity. In a replicated pot trial during two growing seasons, two corn lines developed by Agriculture Canada from CIMMYT collections, ITR 3872 with high DIMBOA content in roots, and NTR-2 Ger. 4042 with low DIMBOA content in roots, were evaluated for resistance to western corn rootworm larvae. The results indicated that the high DIMBOA line (but not the low DIMBOA line) stressed western corn rootworm larvae to produce inferior adults based on the measurement of adult emergence number, adult weight, and adult head-capsule width. The effect of western corn rootworm on both corn lines with different DIMBOA levels was measured based on plant growth parameters including plant height, stem thickness, plant fresh weight, root fresh weight, plant dry weight, and root dry weight. ITR 3872 (high DIMBOA) showed significantly less damage than NTR-2 Ger. 4042 (low DIMBOA) in almost all plant parameters measured. The results suggest that DIMBOA may in some instances contribute to the resistance of corn to western corn rootworm larvae.

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A molybdenum - sulfur - cadmium interaction in sheep

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/a96092 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 147 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

G. M. Smith ◽

C. L. White

Keyword(s):

Control Diet ◽

Dietary Treatment ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Cd Accumulation ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Treatment Concentration

We determined the effects of increased dietary concentrations of molybdenum and sulfur on the accumulation and tissue concentrations of cadmium in sheep, and compared them with effects on copper. Forty sheep, each weighing approximately 40 kg, were adjusted for 3 weeks to a basal diet of 80% wheaten chaff and 20% lupin seed containing (per kg dry weight) 0·016 mg Cd, 0·45 mg Mo, 3·4 mg Cu, and 1·9 g S. On Day 0 of treatment, 8 sheep were killed and the tissues analysed for trace minerals to provide a baseline value. The remaining sheep were divided into 4 dietary treatment groups: control (basal diet plus 4 mg Cd/kg), +Mo (control diet plus 15 mg Mo/kg), +S (control diet plus 4 g S/kg), +Mo+S (control diet+15 mg Mo+4 g S/kg). The treatment period lasted 80 days, after which sheep were killed for tissue samples. Sulfur alone reduced the accumulation of Cd in liver, kidney, and muscle by 60% compared with control sheep (P < 0·05). Molybdenum alone reduced Cd accumulation by 40% in liver and muscle (P < 0·05) and 30% in kidney (P = 0·09). When provided together (+Mo+S), the effect was equivalent to feeding with Mo alone, showing that Mo blocked the effect of S. Cadmium concentrations in whole kidneys for the 4 respective treatments were 6·40 ± 0· 7, 2·8 ± 0·3, 4·5 ± 0·8, and 5·0 ± 0·5 mg/kg fresh weight. The pre-treatment concentration was 0·7 ± 0·2 mg/kg. For Cu in blood and tissues, the effects of Mo and S treatment were consistent with the thiomolybdate hypothesis, and were quite different from those seen for Cd. Copper concentrations in whole kidney for the 4 treatments were 4·1 ± 0·1, 3·5 ± 0·2, 4·7 ± 0·3, and 22·4 ± 3·9 mg/kg fresh weight. The pre-treatment concentration was 4·1 ± 0·3 mg/kg. The results show that increased dietary levels of Mo and S reduce the accumulation of Cd in tissues, and the mechanisms of action differ from those involving Cu.

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Effect of Prior Heat Stress on the Early Growth of Carica papaya

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb549149 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 508-512

Author(s):

Gideon Olarewaju OKUNLOLA ◽

Adekunle Ajayi ADELUSI

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Carica Papaya ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Shoot Height ◽

Chlorophylls A And B

The experiment was carried out to determine the effects of heat stress on some growth parameters like shoot height, leaf area, fresh weight, dry weight as well as the accumulation of chlorophylls in Carica papaya. Seedlings of C. papaya were exposed to prior heat stress at 40 °C. A group of plants was placed in a Gallenkamp oven for four hours; another group of plants was placed in the oven for eight hours while the third group of plants was placed in a dark cupboard for the period of eight hours. Sampling was carried out at weekly intervals starting from seven days after treatment. Plants were randomly picked from each of the three treatments. Three replicates were used for each parameter. The results obtained from the study showed that there was an increment in the shoot height, leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight from the beginning to the end of the experimental period. However, the accumulation of chlorophylls did not follow a particular pattern. The analysis of variance carried out on the data obtained showed that heat stress had a significant effect on the petiole length, shoot height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight. Heat stress, however, did not produce a significant effect on the accumulation of chlorophylls a and b and total chlorophyll.

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