Linkages of Organ/Tissue Donation and Transplantation with “Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs”- Indian Stories

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reeta Dar
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Need Satisfaction ◽  
Role Reversal ◽  
Tissue Donation ◽  
Hierarchy Of Needs ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Organ Failures

This paper draws a parallel of Maslow hierarchy of needs with organ donation and transplantation and illustrates how these needs i.e., physiological, security, love and belongingness, self-esteem and self-actualization are inter-dependent, interlinked and entrenched in both living as well as deceased organ donation and transplantation. The paper illustrates the nuances of inter-linkages of need satisfaction of people and professionals in organ donation and transplantation. With some case studies, it draws attention to the plight of impoverished people and insecure women who are exploited or intimidated into donating organs for meeting their physiological and security needs in class stratified and gender insensitive social milieu respectively. It however, reveres the acts of donation of organs by relatives of deceased donors who allow donation of organs from Brain Stem Dead donors in India and illustrates how security needs of these families are met through the most powerful and altruistic act of organ donation that gives life to a number of people fighting end stage organ failures. The paper traces new expectations of love and belongingness in the form of organ donation and discusses role reversal of females even on Rakshabandan, a Hindu festival that celebrates love and affection between a sister and a brother. The sisters risk their lives and gift their organs to give a fresh lease of life to their brothers. Drawing attention to the forth level of needs, the paper discusses the plight of some vulnerable people who end up donating organs for gratification of their self-esteem needs in contrast to transplantation community who seek gratification of the same need through transplantation and influencing law making process in context of both living and deceased donation. It admires the gratification of self-actualization needs of a number of people who pledge to donate tissues, organs as well as the bodies after death/Brain Stem Death. India being a progressive country in organ donation and transplantation, this paper reveals how some professionals having satisfied all other basic needs, spend their own money and work tirelessly for pushing ahead the National Organ and Tissue Transplant Organization (NOTTO) under the aegis of National Organ Transplant Programme(NOTP ) in the country.

scholarly journals IBSEN’S LITTLE EYOLF: THE GREAT EFFORTS OF A HANDICAP CHILD IN ACHIEVING HIS SELF – ACTUALIZATION NEEDS

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Imam - Basuki
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Handicapped Child ◽  
The Self ◽  
Inductive Method ◽  
Henrik Ibsen ◽  
Hierarchy Of Needs ◽  
Final Scene ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Basic Need

Abstract                                                                                   This article discusses about  Little Eyolf , a drama written by Henrik Ibsen , telling about a handicapped child, named Eyolf, who is hard enough to find his self-actualization because his parents and neighborhoods give him poor affection. To study this phenomenon, the inductive method is applied to analyze  the self-actualization. The study focuses on Eyolf’s self actualization and aims to fid out how Eyolf gets his self actualization in his life. By the unsupportive environment, Eyolf escapes from reality and lives in his world of fantasy to fulfill his own need. The spirit of Eyolf to find his own redemption is closely related to the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Therefore, in this study is applied qualitative research. Eyolf’s dying spirit of self-actualization ends with tragedy. However, in this final scene,  his parents regrets not giving Eyolf the needs for physiological, safety, self esteem, belongingness and love during his childhood. The result of the research proves that to achieve his self-actualization or the basic need of his life, Eyolf needs very much his parents’s care and affection but it is never happened during his childhood time.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Keywords: self-actualization, hierarchy of needs, physiological need, safety need, self esteem need, belongingness and love need

Use of Coping Mechanisms in Organ Donation and Transplantation with Distinctive Orientation to Brain Stem Death

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reeta Dar
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Organ Donor ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Poor People ◽  
The Government

This paper talks about psychodynamic theory of psychology wherein individuals adopt various defense mechanisms in order to cope with unpleasant thoughts, emotions or behaviors while dealing with multifaceted processes of organ donation and transplantation. Organ donation from brain stem dead donors and transplantation involves certain psychological defense mechanisms like sublimation, introjections, projection, intellectualization, and denial that are explained through a few case studies of organ donor families, non-donor families, recipients of organs, families of recipients, organ transplant coordinators and doctors. The author discusses how individuals behave in different ways in order to deal with the unpleasant thoughts, emotions or behaviors that are intertwined with intricate debates, dilemmas and convolutions of organ donation and transplantation especially from brain stem dead donors. The organs donated by brain stem dead donors are used for transplantation into people struggling for life with end stage organ failures. The paper represents the narratives of individuals through diagrams that explain the nature of defense mechanisms adopted by people and professionals in organ donation and transplantation. Through these case studies the author wants the authorities to focus on issues that could resolve some problems that are encountered in day to day activities by professionals especially organ transplant coordinators in India. There are a number of areas wherein government needs to put efforts like making easy permissions from police, preventing double permission from police as is required in Medico Legal Cases if the accident has happened in one place and the organ retrieval at the other. There is a dire need to start extensive awareness programmes in all related ministries. The government needs to be sensitive to the plight of poor people who wait for long hours to get back the body once they decide to donate organs in Govt. hospitals. They deserve some care in government hospitals during waiting period. Some budgetary provisions needs to be made for the same. One of the very important things is to introduce a topic on defense mechanisms in organ transplant coordinators course to make them understand the coping mechanisms better. Such efforts will help them in understanding each other better and help them to become effective team members.

scholarly journals Hazel’s Struggle to Get Her Self-Actualization in John Green’s The Fault in Our Stars

ATAVISME ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-268
Author(s):  
Putri Chumairoh
Keyword(s):  
Stage Iv ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Hierarchy Of Needs ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Human Need ◽  
Stage Iv Cancer

This research aims to analyze John Green’s novel The Fault in Our Stars which focuses on analyzing Hazel Grace’s character and her struggle to face a stage IV cancer thyroid. The aims of this research are to describe the characteristics of Hazel Grace in The Fault in Our Stars novel and to reveal Hazel’s struggle to fulfill her needs based on Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of need theory. The character and characterization approaches are applied as the foundation of this research. Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of human need theory is applied as well. This theory is classified into five stages of needs which consist of physiological, safety and security, love and belongingness, self-esteem and self-actualization needs. The writer analyzed the data collected by categorizing them into five points which are included in hierarchy of needs. As a conclusion, Hazel able to fulfill her needs with her struggle as well as her self-actualization.

A Pilot Study for the Analysis of Dream Reports Using Maslow's Need Categories: An Extension to the Emotional Selection Hypothesis

2010 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 659-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Coutts
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Need Satisfaction ◽  
Hierarchy Of Needs ◽  
Selection Hypothesis ◽  
Maslow's Hierarchy Of Needs ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Interjudge Reliability ◽  
Human Need ◽  
Maslow’S Hierarchy Of Needs

The emotional selection hypothesis describes a cyclical process that uses dreams to modify and test select mental schemas. An extension is proposed that further characterizes these schemas as facilitators of human need satisfaction. A pilot study was conducted in which this hypothesis was tested by assigning 100 dream reports (10 randomly selected from 10 dream logs at an online web site) to one or more categories within Maslow's hierarchy of needs. A “match” was declared when at least two of three judges agreed both for category and for whether the identified need was satisfied or thwarted in the dream narrative. The interjudge reliability of the judged needs was good (92% of the reports contained at least one match). The number of needs judged as thwarted did not differ significantly from the number judged as satisfied (48 vs 52%, respectively). The six “higher” needs (belongingness, esteem, cognitive, aesthetic, self-actualization, and transcendence) were scored significantly more frequently (81%) than were the two lowest or “basic” needs (physiological and safety, 19%). Basic needs were also more likely to be judged as thwarted, while higher needs were more likely to be judged as satisfied. These findings are discussed in the context of Maslow's hierarchy of needs as a framework for investigating theories of dream function, including the emotional selection hypothesis and other contemporary dream theories.

scholarly journals AKTUALISASI-DIRI (SELF-ACTUALIZATION); SEBUAH MANIFESTASI PUNCAK POTENSI INDIVIDU BERKEPRIBADIAN SEHAT (Sebuah Konsep Teori Dinamika-Holistik Abraham Maslow)

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-220
Author(s):  
Mohamat Hadori
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Healthy Person ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Hierarchy Of Needs ◽  
Abraham Maslow ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
Self Actualization

Self - actualization is the highest level in Holistic Dynamics theory to be achieved of an individual has already gets some basic requirements below. Maslow subsequently extended the idea to include his observations of humans' innate curiosity. His theories parallel many other theories of human developmental psychology, some of which focus on describing the stages of growth in humans. Maslow used the terms hierarchy of needs; physiological needs, safety needs, love and belonging needs, self - esteem needs ,self - actualization . Maslow also mentioned that a healthy person is a person able to actualize themselves well and draw , they can also pay attention to the needs of higher ie fulfill the potential they have and to know and understand the world around them.

scholarly journals Scope and reason of travel in accordance with Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Ram Shrivastava ◽  
Manish Nagaich
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Hierarchy Of Needs ◽  
Maslow's Hierarchy Of Needs ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Maslow’S Hierarchy Of Needs

This paper examines the need and necessity of travel of people to satisfy all the levels of need which are bracketed in various five levels of hierarchy of needs namely physiological needs, safety and security needs, love and belonging need, self-esteem needs and the need of self-actualization of Maslow's.

HIERARCHY OF NEEDS ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN CHARACTER OF A NOVEL ENTITLED FLAWED BY CECELIA AHERN

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-154
Author(s):  
Fiana Isnaeni Maheda Ronie ◽  
Devi Hellystia
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Needs Analysis ◽  
Hierarchy Of Needs ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Undergraduate Thesis

This undergraduate thesis is entitled Hierarchy of Needs Analysis of The Main Character of A Novel Entitled Flawed By Cecelia Ahern. This study is intended to find out what are the hierarchy of needs that have been fulfilled by the main character and how the main character fulfilled the hierarchy of needs. The data were taken from the novel Flawed written by Cecelia Ahern. The researcher used qualitative and descriptive method in analyzing the hierarchy of needs. In this research, the researcher found 10 data of physiological needs, 34 data of physiological needs, 52 data of love and belonging needs, 44 data of self esteem, and 24 data of self actualization. Based on Maslow’s theory, there are five level of hierarchy of needs that the main character can satisfied.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Attitude of Bangladeshi Physicians towards Organ Donation and Transplantation

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Mostarshid Billah ◽  
Hafiza Farzana ◽  
Abdul Latif ◽  
Palash Mitra ◽  
Tufayel Ahmed Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Tissue Donation ◽  
Kidney Donation ◽  
Living Kidney Donation ◽  
Post Graduate ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

Background: Organ transplantation saves thousands of lives worldwide. There is discrepancy between organ demand and supply which demands cadaveric donation. Knowledge and attitudes of physicians towards organ donation and transplantation can increase the rate of organ and tissue donation by motivating general population.Methodology: This cross-sectional survey was done on 150 Bangladeshi physicians including specialist and post-graduate students on four teaching hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh over a period of six months. After taking informed consent, the participants were given a self-administered questionnaire which includes socio-demographic data, knowledge and attitude about organ donation and transplantation.Results: Male and female were almost equal (Total 102, Male 54, female 48) with mean age was 34.6±5.0 years and 54.9% were specialists and 45.1% were post graduate students. More than 32% respondents were from Medicine, followed by Nephrology (26.5%), Critical Care Medicine (CCM) (25.5%) and Urology (15.6%). Fifty-six (54.9%) physicians agreed with organ donation after death. The most important reason of agreement was to help others (78.4%) and disagreement was religious fear (54.3%). More than 40% respondents agreed and 59.8% completely disagreed with living kidney donation. The most common reason for agreement of living kidney donation was to donate to help family member (82.93%) and disagreement was probable damage to donors (52.46%). More than three-fourth (76.4%) respondents had knowledge about theoretical basis of transplantation, 50% know about cost and 43% about organ transplant Act, Bangladesh. Significant positive correlation was found between physicians’ attitudes towards organ and tissue donation after death and knowledge about theoretical basis of transplantation (p =0.02, r= 0.43) and cost of transplantation in Bangladesh (p= 0.02, r= 0.22) but no statistically significant correlation with knowledge about organ transplant Act, Bangladesh (p value= 0. 19, r= 0.13) whereas significant positive correlation between physicians knowledge about transplant Act (p= 0.008, r= 0.28), cost (p = 0.04, r= 0.23) and theoretical basis of transplantation (p= 0.04, r= 0.20) was found in living kidney donation.Conclusion: Physicians had a good attitude towards organ donation and transplantation although less than half of them had knowledge of transplantation rules and financial issues; therefore, additional awareness and education of physicians is needed in all areas of the organ transplant process in Bangladesh to make organ donation and transplantation successful.Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2016; 4 (1): 23-27

scholarly journals Love and Belonging Needs in John Green’s The Fault in Our Stars

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Alvin Dwi Permana ◽  
Mamik Tri Wedawati ◽  
Muhammad Dhika Arif Rizqan
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hierarchy Of Needs ◽  
Self Actualization

The anxiety of being treated differently unlike others is one of the myriad uncomfortable feelings which may be understood by cancer sufferer. The present study aimed to expose the needs of two cancer sufferers who loved each other. They are the main characters of the Fault in Our Stars namely Hazel and Augustus. Therefore, the researchers addressed two questions:  How are the love and belonging needs of Hazel and Augustus portrayed in John Green's The Fault in Our Stars? And what are the impacts of fulfilling love and belonging needs toward Hazel and Augustus as it is portrayed in John Green’s novel The Fault in Our Stars? This study applied a qualitative approach namely content analysis. The data were analyzed and interpreted by using the hierarchy of needs which focused on love and belonging needs. The result exposed that Hazel and Augustus yearn for fulfilling their love and belonging needs instead of the other needs such as physiology, safety, self-esteem, and self-actualization. It affected significantly to their life which changed them to be more optimistic.

Family perspectives on organ and tissue donation for transplantation: A principlist analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1041-1050
Author(s):  
Marcelo José dos Santos ◽  
Lydia Feito
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Organ Procurement ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Tissue Donation ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Donation Process ◽  
The Family ◽  
Organ Procurement Organizations ◽  
Family Interview

Background: The family interview context is permeated by numerous ethical issues which may generate conflicts and impact on organ donation process. Objective: This study aims to analyze the family interview process with a focus on principlist bioethics. Method: This exploratory, descriptive study uses a qualitative approach. The speeches were collected using the following prompt: “Talk about the family interview for the donation of organs and tissues for transplantation, from the preparation for the interview to the decision of the family to donate or not.” For the treatment of qualitative data, we chose the method of content analysis and categorical thematic analysis. Participants: The study involved 18 nurses who worked in three municipal organ procurement organizations in São Paulo, Brazil, and who conducted family interviews for organ donation. Ethical considerations: The data were collected after approval of the study by the Research Ethics Committee of the School of Nursing of the University of São Paulo. Results: The results were classified into four categories and three subcategories. The categories are the principles adopted by principlist bioethics. Discussion: The principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice permeate the family interview and reveal their importance in the organs and tissues donation process for transplantation. Conclusion: The analysis of family interviews for the donation of organs and tissues for transplantation with a focus on principlist bioethics indicates that the process involves many ethical considerations. The elucidation of these aspects contributes to the discussion, training, and improvement of professionals, whether nurses or not, who work in organ procurement organizations and can improve the curriculum of existing training programs for transplant coordinators who pursue ethics in donation and transplantation as their foundation.

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