O ENSINO RELIGIOSO EM QUESTÃO: OLHARES E PERSPECTIVAS "Religious Education in question: looks and prospects"

O Ensino Religioso tem sido alvo de análises de vários estudiosos de diferentes estados brasileiros em perspectiva local. De um modo geral, apontam-se os entraves deste componente curricular, a partir de pesquisas de campo nas quais é enfatizada a relevância da diversidade religiosa no seio da sala de aula e destacadas a problemática do proselitismo presente no discurso dos professores responsáveis por ministrar os seus conteúdos. Na presente abordagem, são apresentados os diversos agentes da sociedade que têm influenciado no tipo de Ensino Religioso existente no Brasil, suas mudanças de perspectiva e o lugar social ocupado por cada um deles. Para tanto, o conceito de autonomia relativa de Pierre Bourdieu tem aqui um significado especial, já que permite que se reflita sobre como o Ensino Religioso é construído em um campo de tensões marcado por debates que vão desde a defesa do ensino catequético à total exclusão na grade curricular da educação básica.Palavras-chave: Ensino Religioso. Autonomia Relativa. Pluralidade. AbstractReligious Education has been the target of several analysis of different scholars in diferent Brazilian States in local perspective. Generally speaking, the center of this component through curricular barriers from field research in which emphasized the importance of religious diversity within the classroom and highlighted the problem of proselytism in the speech of teachers responsible for giving their content. In this text we try to appoint the various actors of society that have influenced the type of religious teaching in Brazil, its changes of perspective and the social place occupied by each of them. On this attempt the concept of relative autonomy of Pierre Bourdieu has a special significance, since it allows us to reflect on how the religious teaching is built on a field of tensions marked by discussions ranging from the defense of catechetical teaching to total exclusion on curriculum of basic education.Keywords: Religious Education. Relative Autonomy. Plurality.

Download Full-text

O Ensino Religioso no Município de Cariacica - ES: O Processo de Construção das Diretrizes Curriculares e o Desafio de sua Implementação em Âmbito Escolar

REFLEXUS - Revista Semestral de Teologia e Ciências das Religiões ◽

10.20890/reflexus.v7i10.200 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

pp. 37

Author(s):

Eliane M. L. M. de Freitas

Keyword(s):

Continuing Education ◽

Religious Education ◽

Professional Ethics ◽

Religious Diversity ◽

The Political ◽

Curriculum Guidelines ◽

Religious Teaching ◽

Professional Profile

Resumo: Este artigo procura elucidar o processo de construção das Diretrizes Curriculares do Ensino Religioso do município de Cariacica – ES e como se tem dado o processo de implementação das mesmas em âmbito escolar. Objetiva esclarecer sobre o perfil do professor, que deve primar pelas diferentes percepções e compreensão do fenômeno religioso assim como a sua identidade epistemológica; o perfil profissional e formação continuada, no sentido de promover o Ensino Religioso não proselitista como prescreve a legislação em vigor. Destaca-se dessa forma o exercício da ética profissional e do respeito à diversidade cultural e religiosa a fim de pensar os possíveis caminhos que compõe a docência. Tem-se como intenção pensar os desafios que se interpõem no desenvolvimento da disciplina tais como: atrelar o Ensino Religioso ao projeto político pedagógico da escola, discutir sobre a falta de recursos didáticos nesta área. Palavras-chave: Ensino Religioso. Diretrizes Curriculares. Formação. Abstract: This paper aims to elucidate the process of building the Curriculum Guidelines of Religious Teaching in Cariacica – ES and how the process of its implementation was made. It tries to clarify the profile of the teacher who should excel by different perceptions and understanding of the religious phenomenon as well as its epistemological identity. Professional profile and continuing education must promote religious education not in a proselytizing way, as it is prescribed in the legislation. The paper highlights the exercise of professional ethics and respect for cultural and religious diversity in order to think possible paths involved in Religious Teaching. It intends to face the challenges involved in this Subject such as to link Religious Teaching to the political and pedagogical project of the school and to discuss the lack resources in this area.Keywords: Teaching Religious. Curriculum Guidelines. Continuing Education.

Download Full-text

Keragaman Sebagai Basis Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen

10.31219/osf.io/4x2dz ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yance Zadrak Rumahuru

Keyword(s):

Religious Education ◽

Conceptual Understanding ◽

Paradigm Shift ◽

Religious Pluralism ◽

Peace Education ◽

Religious Diversity ◽

Learning Context ◽

Religious Teaching ◽

The Church

The aims of this article is to provide a perspective on teaching Christian Religious Education (CRE/PAK) in the context of multi-religious society. The question for this paper is what made religious pluralism, diversity or learning context PAK. It is expected that the PAK learning in school and the Church does not ignore diversity, especially religious diversity in this paper referred to as a learning base PAK. Associated with it, it is necessary that the same conceptual understanding of pluralism and religious pluralism that can be used correctly to interpret the PAK learning in the community. This time there has been a paradigm shift from a religious teaching religious education to religious education and peace education, an education that is more contextual paradigm in Indonesian society and multireligious society in general.

Download Full-text

Peranan Majelis Taklim dalam Pembinaan Keberagamaan bagi Ibu Rumah Tangga

Jurnal Kawakib ◽

10.24036/kwkib.v2i1.15 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Oksy Almaidah ◽

Novia Nengsih

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Research ◽

Religious Diversity ◽

Field Research ◽

Research Data ◽

Research Field ◽

Social Aspect ◽

Religious Development ◽

Inhibiting Factors ◽

The Social

This study aims to determine and describe how the role of the taklim assembly in fostering religiosity in the aspect of worship for housewives; the role of the taklim assembly in fostering the religious reading of the Qur'an; the role of the taklim assembly in fostering religious diversity in the social aspect; and what are the supporting and inhibiting factors in religious development for housewives. The type of research used is qualitative research (field research), qualitative research methods are descriptive methods in the form of writing or words from people and observed behavior. Sources of data obtained from the congregation taklim assembly. To strengthen the research data obtained, the authors also took data through observation and documentation. All interview data were analyzed by collecting, reducing, presenting and ending with conclusion. The results of the study indicate that the role of the taklim assembly in religious development for housewives in various aspects, namely aspects of worship, the Koran, and social plays a very important role in broadcasting and developing Islam in society, especially for housewives

Download Full-text

ENSINO RELIGIOSO LAICO: UM OLHAR COMPLEXO E TRANSDISCIPLINAR

Revista Caminhos - Revista de Ciências da Religião ◽

10.18224/cam.v17i1.6945 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 296

Author(s):

Cícero Lopes Silva ◽

Gilbraz De Souza Aragão ◽

Luiz Alencar Libório

Keyword(s):

Religious Education ◽

Religious Affiliation ◽

Religious Diversity ◽

Transdisciplinary Approach ◽

Theoretical Contribution ◽

The Public ◽

The Status ◽

Religious Teaching ◽

Teaching About Religion ◽

Education In Brazil

O presente ensaio aborda questões epistemológicas do Ensino Religioso no Brasil tendo como aporte teórico o paradigma da complexidade de Edgar Morin e a abordagem transdisciplinar. Até o presente o Ensino Religioso público é tratado de modo ambíguo pelos sistemas de ensino do país, atuando tanto para a formação geral do cidadão quanto para a filiação religiosa de Igrejas. Tal situação torna a disciplina frágil e vulnerável à crítica por parte daqueles que defendem o estatuto do Estado laico e o ensino positivista. Entretanto, parece-nos que não se trata de excluir o ensino sobre a religião de dentro da escola, mas de contornar os seus limites através de novos paradigmas. Desta forma, acreditamos que a emergência do paradigma de complexidade e a abordagem transdisciplinar na educação podem ajudar o Ensino Religioso a redimensionar os seus limites e a sua prática em vista do ensino laico e o respeito à diversidade cultural religiosa do Brasil. LAY RELIGIOUS TEACHING: A COMPLEX AND TRANSDISCIPLINARY LOOK This essay addresses epistemological issues of religious education in Brazil with theoretical contribution of the paradigm of complexity of Edgar Morin and the transdisciplinary approach. Til up to date the public religious education is treated so ambiguous by the education systems of the country, acting both for general formation of citizens as to the religious affiliation of churches. Such a situation makes the discipline fragile and vulnerable to criticism from those who argue for the status of the secular State and the positivist school. However, it seems to us that this is not to exclude the teaching about religion in school, but to go round its limits through new paradigms. In this way, we believe that the emergence of the paradigm of complexity and the transdisciplinary approach in education can help the Religious Teaching to give another dimension to its limits and practice in order of lay Teaching and respect to the cultural and religious diversity in Brazil.

Download Full-text

Facing the New Situation of Religious Education in Iceland

Religions ◽

10.3390/rel11100537 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 537

Author(s):

Gunnar J. Gunnarsson

Keyword(s):

Social Studies ◽

Religious Education ◽

Religious Diversity ◽

National Curriculum ◽

Curriculum Guide ◽

The Social ◽

Societal Changes ◽

Compulsory Schools ◽

New Situation ◽

Shed Light

Over the last two decades, Iceland has faced rapid societal changes in many ways, and cultural and religious diversity has grown faster than ever before. This has influenced the curricula of religious education. In 2011/2013, drastic changes were made to the National Curriculum Guide, and the curricula of individual subjects were merged into larger entities. Religious education thus became a part of the social studies curriculum, together with history, geography, sociology, life skills, ethics and philosophy. The aim of this article is to explore and discuss the influences of the societal changes in Iceland on religious education in compulsory schools. As little research exists on the consequences of the changes made to the curriculum for the practice of religious education, the focus will also be on some of the research that can shed light on the changing conditions of religious education in Iceland, such as Icelanders’ attitudes towards religion, and parents’ attitudes towards religious education in compulsory school. Particular attention will be paid to research into young people’s views towards the growing cultural and religious diversity in Iceland. The aim is to understand better the new situation of religious education in Iceland and the changes that have been made to the National Curriculum Guide.

Download Full-text

Laicidade da educação em questão: encontros de ensino religioso nas cidades de Ouro Preto e Mariana

Horizontes ◽

10.24933/horizontes.v34i1.341 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 69

Author(s):

Gláucio Antônio Santos ◽

Marco Antônio Torres ◽

Marcus Vinícius Fonseca

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Analysis ◽

Religious Education ◽

Graduate Program ◽

Participant Observation ◽

Religious Diversity ◽

Research Participant ◽

Ministry Of Education ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Public And Private ◽

Religious Teaching

ResumoBaseado em recorte de pesquisa desenvolvida no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação apresentado à Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, o estudo investigou como a laicidade do Estado brasileiro e a diversidade religiosa foram abordadas nos Encontros de Metodologia e Filosofia de Ensino Religioso nas tricentenárias cidades de Ouro Preto e Mariana (MG). A formação era oferecida aos professores de ensino religioso das redes pública e privada pela Secretaria de Estado da Educação/SRE Ouro Preto e Arquidiocese de Mariana. Adotou-se análise qualitativa, pesquisa documental, observação-participante, entrevista semiestruturada e questionários para identificar a proposta pedagógica das reuniões e compreender e analisar como a diversidade religiosa e o conceito de Estado laico eram abordados. Os resultados mostraram que a diversidade religiosa não foi respeitada, o Estado não regulou tais práticas pedagógicas e que as formações podem ser consideradas inadequadas para formação de professores, considerando os princípios da escola pública e laica.Palavras-chave: Ensino Religioso; Laicidade; Diversidade Religiosa.Secularity of Education in question: religious education meetings in Ouro Preto and Mariana citiesAbstractBased on part of a research carried cut in the Graduate Program in Education presented to the Federal University of Ouro Preto, the study investigated how the secular nature of the Brazilian State and religious diversity were addressed in the Methodology Meetings and Religious Teaching of Philosophy in the three hundred years cities of Ouro Preto and Mariana (MG). The training was offered to religious education teachers in public and private schools by the Ministry of Education/SRE Ouro Preto and Mariana Archdiocese. It was adopted a qualitative analysis, documentary research, participant observation, semi-structured interviews and questionnaires to identify the pedagogical proposal of the meetings and understand and analyze how religious diversity and the concept of secular state were addressed. The results showed that religious diversity is not respected, the state did not regulate such teaching practices and that training may be considered inadequate teacher training, considering the principles of public and secular school.Keywords: Religious Education; Secularity; Religious Diversity.

Download Full-text

Persepsi Dosen Pendidikan Agama Islam Terhadap Rendahnya Sikap Toleransi di Kota Banda Aceh

DAYAH Journal of Islamic Education ◽

10.22373/jie.v4i2.5120 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 192

Author(s):

Heru Syahputra ◽

Anton Widyanto ◽

Sri Suyanta

Keyword(s):

Religious Education ◽

Role Model ◽

Field Research ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Social Tolerance ◽

The People ◽

The Social ◽

Mutual Tolerance ◽

The City ◽

Banda Aceh

Tolerance is the key to living comfortably, peacefully and happily. In the life of the people and the nation, tolerance has become the benchmark in realizing the advance of a country, as reflected in the Charter of Medina that the Prophet Muhammad p.b.u.h formed a state on the basis of Islamic values, one of which was tolerance. A state or community will embrace safety and peace once its people live in mutual tolerance. In this study, there were three questions needed to be addressed: (1) What is the concept of tolerance in Islam?, (2) What is the attitude of tolerance between religious believers and social tolerance according to Islamic religious education lecturers at UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh? and (3) How is the response of the Islamic religious education lecturers of UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh towards the study which concluded that the city of Banda Aceh was of low tolerance? This study used the qualitative approach with field research methods, employing primary and secondary data. The results of the study revealed that the main criterion in defining religious tolerance was found in the Qur’an Surah al-Kafirun verse 6, while that in defining the social tolerance was in Surah an-Nisaa verse 86. The attitude of tolerance that the Prophet p.b.u.h had shown on various occasions was very comprehensive regardless of place and person, in any capacity. Therefore, the attitude of tolerance of the Prophet p.b.u.h had become a reference for every community to this day and he was also dubbed as the role model (Uswatun Hasanah). Responding to the finding of low tolerance in the city of Banda Aceh from a study, most respondents, however, believed otherwise. They agreed that Banda Aceh has already been a very tolerant city in terms of religious and social aspects in Indonesia. Thus, such low tolerance could not be generalized to all aspects and concluded that the city of Banda Aceh was an intolerant city or had a low tolerance level.

Download Full-text

LINGKUNGAN PENDIDIKAN DALAM AL-QUR’AN DAN HADIS

Tarbawi Jurnal Keilmuan Manajemen Pendidikan ◽

10.32678/tarbawi.v4i01.833 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (01) ◽

pp. 13

Author(s):

Hasbullah Hasbullah

Keyword(s):

Religious Education ◽

School Environment ◽

Teaching And Learning ◽

Educational Environment ◽

Environment Education ◽

Artificial Environment ◽

The Social ◽

The Family ◽

Biological Environment ◽

Education Process

Abstract. Educational environment is needed in the education process, because the educational environment serves to support the process of teaching and learning, a comfortable environment and support for the implementation of an education is needed. The environment is distinguished into the biological environment, the non-living natural environment, the artificial environment and the social environment. Education is one of the first obligations for parents. In Islam, the person most responsible for the education of the child is the parent. The family is the "smallest people" who have leaders and members, has a division of work and work, and the rights and obligations of each member. The best exemplary education for children is if both parents are able to connect their child with the example of Rasûlullâh SAW, as uswah of all mankind. A positive school environment is a school environment that provides facilities and motivation for religious education. Keywords. Environment, Education Abstrak. Lingkungan pendidikan sangat dibutuhkan dalam proses pendidikan, sebab lingkungan pendidikan berfungsi menunjang terjadinya proses belajar mengajar, lingkungan yang nyaman dan mendukung bagi terselenggaranya suatu pendidikan sangat dibutuhkan. Lingkungan dibedakan menjadi lingkungan alam hayati, lingkungan alam non-hayati, lingkungan buatan dan lingkungan sosial. Pendidikan merupakan salah satu kewajiban pertama bagi orang tua. Dalam Islam, orang yang paling bertanggung jawab dalam pendidikan anak adalah orang tua. Keluarga adalah “umat terkecil” yang memiliki pimpinan dan anggota, mempunyai pembagian tugas dan kerja, serta hak dan kewajiban bagi masing-masing anggotanya. Pendidikan keteladanan terbaik bagi anak, ialah jika kedua orang tua mampu menghubungkan anaknya dengan keteladanan Rasûlullâh SAW, sebagai uswah seluruh umat manusia. Lingkungan sekolah yang positif yaitu lingkungan sekolah yang memberikan fasilitas dan motivasi untuk berlangsungnya pendidikan agama. Kata Kunci. Lingkungan, Pendidikan Daftar Pustaka Ahmadi, Abu dan Nur Uhbiyati. 2001. Ilmu Pendidikan. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta. Badudu, Js. 1996. Kamus Umum Bahas Indonesia. Jakarta: Pustaka Sinar Harapan. Juhji. 2015. “Telaah Komparasi Konsep Pembelajaran Menurut Imam Al-Zarnuji dan Imam Al-Ghozali”. Tarbawi. 1(02): 17-26 Juli - Desember 2015. Terdapat dalam http://jurnal.uinbanten.ac.id/index.php/tarbawi/article/view/257/254 Nata, Abudin. 2010. Sejarah Pendidikan Islam. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada. Nizar, Samsul dan Zainal Efendi Hasibuan. 2011. Hadist Tarbawi. Jakarta: Kalam Mulia. Purwanto, Ngalim. 1996. Psikologi Pendidikan. Bandung: Remaja Rosda Karya. Ramayulis. 2008. Ilmu Pendidikan Islam. Jakarta: Kalam Mulia. Soejono, Ag. tt. Pendahuluan Pendidikan Umum. Bandung: CV. Ilmu. Suwarno. 1982. Pengantar Umum Pendidikan. Jakarta: Aksara Baru. Tafsir, Ahmad. 2000. Ilmu Pendidikan dalam Perspektif Islam. Bandung: Remaja Rosda Karya. Tafsir, Ahmad. 2003. Metodologi Pengajaran Agama Islam. Bandung: Rosdakarya. Uhbiyati, Nur. 1997. Ilmu Pendidikan Islam. Bandung: Pustaka Setia.

Download Full-text

BIMBINGAN PRAKTIK SALAT UNTUK SISWA BERKEBUTUHAN KHUSUS DI SMP

Jurnal Penelitian Agama ◽

10.24090/jpa.v19i1.2018.pp33-59 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 33-59

Author(s):

Sulfiyah Sulfiyah

Keyword(s):

Special Needs ◽

Religious Education ◽

Junior High ◽

Field Research ◽

Boarding School ◽

Students With Special Needs ◽

Important Thing ◽

National Education ◽

National Education System ◽

Qualitative Descriptive

Abstract: One of national education aim is to developing student’s potentials in order to become a faithful man. It is based on Republic of Indonesia’s Law Number 20 of 2003 on National Education System, Chapter II Article 3. Islamic Religious Education is one of education that done to create a faithful man. Prayer is one of Islamic Religious Education’s matter should be learned by all Moslem’s students, include students with special needs. Research of prayer practice guidance is an important thing to be done. The important thing should be researched is about prayer practice that taught in the inclusion school. Inclusion school have regular (common) students and special needs students. How the teacher can teach prayer practice for students with special needs in the inclusion school. Once of inclusion school is Junior High Boarding School Putra Harapan. The goal of this research is to explore and to describe about how teacher guides prayer practice for students with special needs in Junior High Boarding School Putra Harapan Purwokerto Banyumas. This research belongs to field research on qualitative descriptive form. The methods of collecting data used by the author are interview, observation and documentation. Meanwhile to analyze of data, it’s done by collecting data, reducing, presenting and verifying data to be valid and reliable report. The findings of this research show that guidance of prayer practice for students with special needs in Junior High Boarding School Putra Harapan done through some ways namely dividing students into two class that regular and inclusion class, establishing guidance of prayer practice program, using musyafahah and demonstration methods. Key words: guidance, prayer practice, students with special needs.

Download Full-text

ANALISIS UNSUR EKSTRINSIK NOVEL SANG PEMIMPI KARYA ANDREA HIRATA

Jurnal KATA ◽

10.22216/jk.v1i2.2301 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 137

Author(s):

Erlina Erlina

Keyword(s):

Cultural Values ◽

Religious Education ◽

Speech Acts ◽

Social Values ◽

The Novel ◽

Political Values ◽

Educational Value ◽

Cultural Rights ◽

The Social ◽

Data Source

This research is motivated by the analysis extrinsic elements novel Sang Pemimpi. This study aimed to describe the social values, cultural values, moral values, and religious values in the novel Sang Pemimpi. The research is a qualitative study using descriptive methods. The data in this study is a form of social values, cultural values, religius values and moral on Sang Pemimpi novel by Andrea Hirata. Data source is Sang Pemimpi novel by Andrea Hirata. Data collection techniques in this study are: (1) to read and understand the Novel Sang Pemimpi by Andrea Hirata, and (2) give coding by underlining sentences containing social values, cultural values and political values in the note of the novel Sang Pemimpi by Andrea Hirata all data regarding speech acts in a novel study. While the steps in analyzing data are: (1) read data that has been recorded, (2) classify or record data for the purpose for researchers based on the novel Sang Pemimpi by Andrea Hirata, (3) interpreting or interpretation of data for the purpose of research is to analyze the novel Sang Pemimpi by Andrea Hirata, and (4) make the conclusion of the study. The results of this study stated that extrinsic elements contained in Sang Pemimpi novel by Andrea Hirata is the value of cultural education, where cultural rights set forth in the novel The Dreamer ie when they are a teenager then it started to work for money. Social educational value, namely the attitude of helping each other like Arai and Mak Cik, and as pastor and Jimbron. the value of religious education that is visible on the pastor and Jimbron, although Jimbron raised by a pastor, but the pastor did not impose his religion on Jimbron. moral and political education value seen in a leader who has no morals and honesty. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh analisis unsur ekstrinsik novel Sang Pemimpi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan nilai sosial, nilai budaya, nilai politik, nilai moral, dan nilai religius dalam novel Sang Pemimpi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif. Data dalampenelitian iniadalah bentuk nilai sosial, nilai budaya, nilai realigi dan moral dalam novel Sang Pemimpi karya Andrea Hirata. Sumber datanya adalah novelSang Pemimpi karya Andrea Hirata.Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah: (1) membaca dan memahami Novel Sang Pemimpi karya Andrea Hirata, dan (2) memberi pengkodean dengan menggarisbawahi kalimat-kalimat yang mengandung nilai sosial, nilai budaya, dan nilai politik dalam Mencatat Novel Sang Pemimpi karya Andrea Hirata semua data mengenai tindak tutur dalam novel yang diteliti. Sedangkan langkah-langkah dalam menganalisis datanya adalah: (1) membaca data yang sudah dicatat, (2) mengklasifikasikan atau mencatat data sesuai tujuan peneliti berdasarkan novel Sang Pemimpi karya Andrea Hirata, (3) menginterprestasikan atau penafsiran data dengan tujuan penelitian yaitu menganalisis novel Sang Pemimpi karya Andrea Hirata, dan (4) membuat simpulan penelitian.Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa unsur ekstrinsik yang dapat dalam novel Sang Pemimpi karya Andrea Hirata adalah nilai pendidikan budaya, di mana budaya yang tercantum dalam novel Sang Pemimpi yaitu apabila sudah beranjak remaja maka sudah mulai bekerja untuk mencari uang. nilai pendidikan sosial, yaitu adanya sikap saling tolong menolong seperti Arai dan Mak Cik, dan seperti pendeta dan Jimbron. nilai pendidikan religius yaitu terlihat pada pendeta dan Jimbron, walaupun Jimbron diasuh oleh seorang Pendeta, tetapi pendeta tersebut tidak memaksakan agamanya pada Jimbron. nilai pendidikan moral dan politik terlihat pada seorang pemimpin yang tidak mempunyai moral dan kejujuran.

Download Full-text