scholarly journals Role of preoperative cervical alignment on postoperative dysphagia after occipitocervical fusion

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 350
Author(s):  
Midori Miyagi ◽  
Hiroshi Takahashi ◽  
Hideki Sekiya ◽  
Satoru Ebihara
Keyword(s):  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Postoperative Dysphagia ◽  
Occipitocervical Fusion ◽  
Cervical Alignment ◽  
Pharyngeal Airway ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Functional Oral Intake Scale ◽  
Relationship Of

Background: Dysphagia is one of the most serious complications of occipitocervical fusion (OCF). The previous studies have shown that postoperative cervical alignment, documented with occipito (O)-C2 angles, C2-C6 angles, and pharyngeal inlet angles (PIA), impacted the incidence of postoperative dysphagia in patients undergoing OCF. Here, we investigated the relationship of preoperative versus postoperative cervical alignment on the incidence of postoperative dysphagia after OCF. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data/medical charts for 22 patients following OCF (2006– 2019). The O-C2 angles, C2-C6 angles, PIA, and narrowest pharyngeal airway spaces (nPAS) were assessed using plain lateral radiographs of the cervical spine before and after the surgery. The severity of dysphagia was assessed with the functional oral intake scale (FOIS) levels as documented in medical charts; based on this, patients were classified into the nondysphagia (FOIS: 7) versus dysphagia (FOIS: 1–6) groups. Results: Seven patients (35%) experienced dysphagia after OCF surgery. Preoperative PIA and nPAS were smaller in the dysphagia group. Spearman rank correlation showed a positive correlation between preoperative PIA and FOIS and between preoperative nPAS and FOIS. Conclusion: This study suggests that preoperative cervical alignment may best predict the incidence of postoperative dysphagia after OCF.

scholarly journals Changes in the role of Pacific decadal oscillation on sea ice extent variability across the mid-1990s

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyerim Kim ◽  
Sang-Wook Yeh ◽  
Soon-Il An ◽  
Se-Yong Song
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Pacific Decadal Oscillation ◽  
Far East ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Characteristics of sea ice extent (SIE) have been rapidly changing in the Pacific Arctic sector (PAS) in recent years. The SIE variability in PAS during the late spring and early summer (i.e., April–May–June, AMJ) plays a key role in determining the SIE during the following fall when SIE is at a minimum. We find that the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), which is the most dominant variability of sea surface temperature (SST) on the low-frequency timescales, differently influences the SIE in PAS during AMJ before and after the mid-1990s. While a positive phase of PDO during the previous winter acts to increases SIE during AMJ before the mid-1990s, it acts to decrease SIE during AMJ after the mid-1990s. Further analysis indicates that atmospheric circulation associated with PDO differently influences the variability of SIE in the PAS during AMJ by modulating poleward moisture transport across the Alaska or the Far East Asia peninsula. This results in the change in the relationship of PDO and SIE in the PAS before and after the mid-1990s.

The relationship between Renminbi’s exchange rate and East Asia currencies before and after the “financial crisis”

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyun Xu ◽  
Songyang Wu ◽  
Ye Wu
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Before And After ◽  
East Asia Region ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the “following” behavior of six currencies in East Asia to RMB before and after the “financial crisis”. Design/methodology/approach – Using foreign exchange spot rate data from 2005 to 2013, the authors investigate the dynamic relationship of RMB and six East Asia currencies with method of DCC-GARCH and quantile regression. Findings – The authors get such conclusions: first, most currencies indeed “follow” RMB in whole sample period but the correlation is “time-varying”; second, the degree of co-movement increased as a whole, which reflects that the influence of China in East Asia rose continuously; third, the East Asian currencies behaved differently before the crisis, but reveal some similarities after the crisis, and prefer to “follow” when RMB depreciates and reluctant to follow when RMB appreciates at a comparatively large degree. The authors argue that it may be related to the different macroeconomic environment faced by East Asia region before and after the crisis, the rising economic influence of China and the development of RMB internationalization’s practice. Originality/value – The effort could strength the understanding to the “following” behavior of East Asia currencies to RMB, the authors also point out that RMB has been as regional currency anchor, but the role of anchor is unstable, and is affected by international economic circumstance, China should adapt some methods to strength RMB’s influence to East Asia currency.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress in platelets at an oncopathology

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.G. Gorozhanskaya ◽  
S.P. Sviridova ◽  
V.N. Baykova ◽  
G.N. Zubrikhina ◽  
M.M. Dobrovolskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Surgical Trauma ◽  
Platelet Response ◽  
Coagulation Mechanism ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Patients ◽  
Relationship Of

To determine the biochemical disorders in the blood coagulation mechanism associated with oxidative stress parameters of the antioxidant status were examined in platelets of 57 colorectal cancer patients, (including 21 patients before and after surgery), and 40 healthy individuals. We determined the total content of nitric oxide (NOx), levels of superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD), glutathione and malondialdehyde (MDA). Before treatment, we observed the changes in the antioxidant defense system of platelets, which did not depend on the prevalence of malignancy: elevated levels of SOD by 16% (p<0.05), reduced glutathione and MDA in 5.2 and 1.7 times, respectively. NOx levels did not differ from the norm. Significant shifts were found in the postoperative period: they consisted of the increase in the generation of NOx both on the third, and on the 10-th day after surgery. These changes reflect apparently platelet response to the inflammatory process associated with the surgical trauma and confirm the role of NOx as a mediator of inflammation. The content of SOD after surgery was significantly reduced, but return to a baseline on the 10-th day. Despite the significant increase in the number of platelets, no correlations of the studied parameters and their aggregation ability were found.The findings suggest that metabolic disorders in vascular-platelet hemostasis are associated with oxidative stress, which provides a basis for further study of the relationship of cancer to thrombosis

scholarly journals What Makes an Elite Shooter and Archer? The Critical Role of Interoceptive Attention

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengli Li ◽  
Quanyu Lu ◽  
Qiong Wu ◽  
Xinghua Liu ◽  
Yanhong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Mindfulness Training ◽  
Expert Performance ◽  
National Team ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Expertise Level ◽  
Relationship Of

It is well-acknowledged that attention is important for expert performance in sports. However, the role of interoceptive attention, i.e., the attentional mechanism of awareness and conscious focus of bodily somatic and visceral signals, in self-paced and far-aiming sports remains to be explored. This study aims to investigate the relationship of expertise level and interoceptive attention ability in shooting and archery, and to examine if interoceptive attention can be improved by mindfulness training in elite athletes of shooting and archery. We tested the performance differences of 41 elite athletes from the Chinese national team of shooting and archery and 43 non-elite athletes from a provincial team in breath detection task (BDT) and dot flash detection task (DDT), which were designed to measure interoceptive and exteroceptive attention (i.e., attention toward information input of primary sensory), respectively. Furthermore, we applied mindfulness training to the 41 elite athletes for 5–8 weeks and remeasured their performances of BDT and DDT. Results showed that elite athletes outperformed non-elite athletes in BDT (but not in DDT) both in accuracy (DiffBDT = 11.50%, p = 0.004) and in discrimination sensitivity (d′, DiffBDT = 1.159, p = 0.002). Difference in accuracy and d′ reached significant level only in BDT (accuracy: DiffBDT = −8.50%, p = 0.001; d′: DiffBDT = −0.822, p = 0.003) before and after mindfulness training. These results indicate that elite athletes of shooting and archery (i.e., relative to non-elite athletes) can better perceive the somatic and visceral responses or changes and discriminate these signals from noises. Moreover, interoceptive attention can be improved by mindfulness training. These results have important implications for the selection and training of athletes of shooting and archery.

scholarly journals The role of radiation diagnostic methods in pathological changes of the hip joint before and after endoprosthetics

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 203-205
Author(s):  
Janibekov J. J
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Hip Joint ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Spiral Computed ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of

Endoprosthesis replacement-operational treatment of diseases and damages of hip joint. The problem of prevention of complications and their negative effects is extremely actual  today. However the role of different beam techniques in identification of adverse effects and complications of endoprosthesis replacement of joints is studied insufficiently. Results of clinic and diagnostic and beam researches of 40 patients with pathology of hip joint are analyzed. The used beam methods of research - roentgenography, multispiral computed tomography. At presurgical stage the main objec­tive was detection of pathology of joint, definition of indications and planning of operative measure. Situation and relationship of components of endoprosthesis, condition of bone tissue, and also bone cement round cup and leg of prosthesis were key parameters of radiological assessment of outcomes of endoprosthesis replacement. Complex use of radiological techniques (roentgenography and spiral computed tomography) allows to specify and add semiotics of changes of bone tissue at the level of acetabular hollow and proximal department of femur after endoprosthesis re­placement.

scholarly journals Interpersonal dependence and differential types of reflection in students – boys and girls

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
O. V. Myloslavska
Keyword(s):  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
National University ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time

The article presents results of the study of interpersonal dependence in the context of reflection as a necessary condition for personal autonomy and the mechanism of constructing and organizing a life perspective in adolescence. The psychological content of the phenomenon of interpersonal dependence is revealed, its destructive influence on the personality is emphasized, the positive role of reflection as a factor of actualization of the autonomy of the individual and the neutralization of interpersonal dependence is substantiated. The purpose of the study was to identify the relationship of interpersonal dependence and differential types of reflection in students – boys and girls. The scientific novelty of the research is determined by the fact that in the work for the first time the peculiarities of the functioning of interpersonal dependence and differential types of reflection on the students were determined, differences in the structure of the interrelationship between these phenomena in students – boys and girls were analyzed. The Interpersonal Dependency Inventory by R. M. A. Hirschfeld, Relationship Profile Test by R. F. Bornstein (both – in an adaptation by O. P. Makushina) and Differential Test of Reflexivity by D. A. Leontiev and E. M. Osin were applied to solve empirical problems. The sample consisted of 96 students of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. The first group included of 45 boys, the second – 51 girls. For the mathematical processing of data the Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used. It has been established that in both groups an increase in the propensity to unproductive types of reflection is a potential for the development of manifestations of interpersonal dependence. Both boys and girls, with increased introspection, there is an aggravation of destructive overdependence. It was also found that in young men the increase in such manifestations of interpersonal dependence, such as the need for emotional reliance on others, lack of self-confidence, and dependence in general, occurs along with the actualization of the tendency to introspection, while in girls – with the actualization of the tendency to quasi-reflection, together with than in these subjects, destructive overdependence grows. It should be noted that healthy dependence is involved in relationships with the differential types of reflection only in the group of girls, in which its severity increases with increasing ability to systemic reflection and inhibition of quasi-reflection. Results can be used for gender specification of psychological programs for the prevention and correction of interpersonal dependence in the students age. It is noted that the prospect of further research is to study the psychological characteristics that may act as inhibitors of interpersonal dependence in adolescence.

Introduction

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Economic History ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Mobilization ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The introduction offers a ‘global’ survey of the history of communism not only in the geographical sense but also in the sense of seeking to integrate history from above and history from below, social and cultural with political and economic history. The first half offers a synoptic view of the history of communist revolutions before and after 1945, highlighting the tensions between ‘intentionalist’ interpretations that stress human agency and political will and structuralist interpretations that stress the role of impersonal forces. It traces the way in which the meaning of the Russian Revolution was revised in the 1920s from being a mass revolution involving soviet power and radical equality to one concerned with the state mobilization of the human and material resources of a backward society to bring about economic, social, and military modernization. The second half looks at a number of major issues relating to the political, economic, and social history of communism in power. In respect of politics, these include the role of ideology in politics, the relationship of informal to formal political practices, the relationship of ‘neo-traditional’ to modern political practices, and the problem of bureaucracy. In respect of the economy, they include the relationship of the planned economy to the ‘second economy’, difficulties of economic reform, and the shift towards meeting the needs of the consumer from the 1950s. In respect of social aspects, the essay stresses the importance of non-state-directed social processes in shaping the development of communist societies, the reconstitution of forms of social inequality, ideas of cultural revolution, and policy towards women and national minorities. While not attempting to summarize historiography, the introduction seeks to give readers a sense of issues currently under debate.

scholarly journals PERAN KELOMPOK PETERNAK DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN KEBERDAYAAN PETERNAK SAPI PERAH (KASUS DI KABUPATEN BANDUNG)

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Unang Yunasaf ◽  
Basita Ginting ◽  
Margono Slamet ◽  
Prabowo Tjitropranoto
Keyword(s):  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Dynamic Group ◽  
Cooperative Sample ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
Relationship Of

The objective of the research was to study the role of the group farmers especially in term of dynamic of the group farmers, empowerment of the dairy farmers, and their relationship. The sampling population is milk cooperative at Bandung district and target population are the dairy farmers as the members of the cooperative. Sample of research were collected by multistage sampling technique with the result that 4 cooperative and 120 person of dairy farmers. The relationship of the variables were tested by Spearman’s rank correlation. The results showed that the group of dairy farmers tend by the cooperative as instrument for improving production of milk of dairy farmers but no facility sufficient so the dairy farmers have empowerment. The dynamic group of farmers was low. The empowerment of dairy farmer was low, especially in the role of dairy farmers as manager and individual of autonomy. There was positive significant correlation between the dynamic group of farmers are empowerment of the dairy farmers.

Locating Al in the DABCO catalyst before and after Al extraction

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-267
Author(s):  
Kathleen B. Reuter
Keyword(s):  
Active Site ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Transverse Direction ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Acid Phosphate ◽  
Fracture Surfaces ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Relationship Of

The reaction rate and efficiency of piperazine to 1,4-diazabicyclo-octane (DABCO) depends on the Si/Al ratio of the MFI topology catalysts. The Al was shown to be the active site, however, in the Si/Al range of 30-200 the reaction rate increases as the Si/Al ratio increases. The objective of this work was to determine the location and concentration of Al to explain this inverse relationship of Al content with reaction rate.Two silicalite catalysts in the form of 1/16 inch SiO2/Al2O3 bonded extrudates were examined: catalyst A with a Si/Al of 83; and catalyst B, the acid/phosphate Al extracted form of catalyst A, with a Si/Al of 175. Five extrudates from each catalyst were fractured in the transverse direction and particles were obtained from the fracture surfaces near the center of the extrudate diameter. Particles were also obtained from the outside surfaces of five extrudates.

Child and Adolescent Suicides in Bosnia and Herzegovina Before and After the War (1992–1995)

Crisis ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Almir Fajkic ◽  
Orhan Lepara ◽  
Martin Voracek ◽  
Nestor D. Kapusta ◽  
Thomas Niederkrotenthaler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
Youth Suicide ◽  
Southeastern Europe ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sex And Age Differences

Background: Evidence on youth suicides from Southeastern Europe is scarce. We are not aware of previous reports from Bosnia and Herzegovina, which experienced war from 1992 to 1995. Durkheim’s theory of suicide predicts decreased suicide rates in wartime and increased rates afterward. Aims: To compare child and adolescent suicides in Bosnia and Herzegovina before and after the war. Methods: Data on youth suicide for prewar (1986–90) and postwar (2002–06) periods were analyzed with respect to prevalence, sex and age differences, and suicide methods. Suicide data from 1991 through 2001 were not available. Results: Overall youth suicide rates were one-third lower in the postwar than in the prewar period. This effect was most pronounced for girls, whose postwar suicide rates almost halved, and for 15–19-year-old boys, whose rates decreased by about a one-fourth. Suicides increased among boys aged 14 or younger. Firearm suicides almost doubled proportionally and were the predominant postwar method, while the most common prewar method had been hanging. Conclusions: The findings from this study indicate the need for public education in Bosnia and Herzegovina on the role of firearm accessibility in youth suicide and for instructions on safe storage in households. Moreover, raising societal awareness about suicide risk factors and suicide prevention is needed.

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