The Lactic Acid and Volatile Fatty Acid Content and In Vitro Organic Matter Digestibility of Silages Made from Potato Processing Residues and Barley Straw

AbstractSustainable aquafeed production requires fishmeal replacement, leading to an increasing use of plant-derived ingredients. As a consequence, higher levels of antinutritional substances, such as non-starch polysaccharides and phytate, are present in aquafeeds, with negative effects on fish performance, nutrient digestibility and overall gut health. To alleviate these negative effects, providing exogenous digestive enzymes and/or probiotics can be an effective solution. In this study, we tested the effect of dietary supplementation of enzymes (phytase and xylanase) and probiotics (three strains of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) on nutrient digestion kinetics and volatile fatty acid content along the gut, and the distal gut microbiome diversity in Nile tilapia. Chyme volatile fatty content was increased with probiotic supplementation in the proximal gut, while lactate content, measured for the first time in vivo in fish, decreased with enzymes along the gut. Enzyme supplementation enhanced crude protein, Ca and P digestibility in proximal and middle gut. Enzymes and probiotics supplementation enhanced microbial interactions as shown by network analysis, while increased the abundance of lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus species. Such results suggest that supplementation with exogenous enzymes and probiotics increases nutrient availability, while at the same time benefits gut health and contributes to a more stable microbiome environment.

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Sludge char-to-fuel approaches based on the hydrothermal fueling IV: fermentation

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2021.281 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jinyi Qin ◽

Rui Zhang ◽

Ruiwen Yang ◽

Jiao Fang ◽

Yu Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Sewage Sludge ◽

Acid Content ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Heating Value ◽

Cyclic Amino Acids

Abstract Sewage sludge was subjected to hydrothermal fueling (HTF) (330 °C for 40 min), obtaining hydrochar at 13.5 MJ kg−1. The higher heating value (HHV) of the raw sludge was related to its fatty acid content. The results showed that although the higher heating value (HHV) of the raw sludge was related to its fatty acid content, with the intensification of HTF, the increase in aliphatic/cyclic amino acids determined the production of HHV in the hydrochar. In order to increase the content of fatty acids and amino acids, the sludge was fermented. However, the Bacteroidetes consumed the organic matter too early, which was detrimental to the production of HHV. Therefore, appropriate sludge fermentation is recommended to restrict excessive Bacteroidetes proliferation, decompose lipids to saturated fatty acids, and convert proteins to aliphatic/cyclic amino acids to increase the efficiency of converting sludge to fuel.

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The Effect of Multistage Ammoniation on Fiber Fraction and Digestibility of Maize Stover in vitro

Jurnal Peternakan Sriwijaya ◽

10.33230/jps.5.1.2016.3918 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

K. Dakaew ◽

A. Abrar ◽

A. Cherdthong

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Volatile Fatty Acid ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Total Volatile ◽

Maize Stover ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Fiber Fraction ◽

Total Volatile Fatty Acid

The main objective of this experiment was to assess the effect of multistage ammoniation on fiber fraction and digestibility of maize stover in vitro. Maize stover was treated by a multistage technique of different urea connect ration (8%, 4%, and 2%) and incubation for 14 days at room temperature.Digestibility of NDF, ADF, ADL, hemicellulose, and cellulose, in vitro dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), NH3-N, total volatile fatty acid (VFA) and pH concentration were observed. However treatment maize stover and multistage ammoniation maize stover were composed by using T-test student as the statistic. There were not significantly different on fiber fraction and digestibility of maize stover. However, multistage ammoniation decreased ADF fraction by 56.67% to45.39%. The DM digestibility of multistage ammoniation on fiber fraction and digestibility of maize stover also increased by 35.18 to 45.91. The total VFA and N-ammonia of multistage ammoniation on fiber fraction and digestibility of maize stover also higher than control.Keywords: Ammoniation, Digestibility, in vitro, Maize stover

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Effect of treatment with sodium hydroxide on the feeding value of oat and rape straw for sheep

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9850623 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 623 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

JB Coombe ◽

JG Mulholland ◽

RI Forrester

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Volatile Fatty Acid ◽

Rape Straw ◽

Rumen Ph ◽

Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration ◽

N Utilization ◽

Feeding Value ◽

Naoh Treatment

Oat and rape straws were treated with NaOH (70 and 40 g kg-1, respectively) by spraying with NaOH solutions (20 or 12.5% w/w), consolidating the sprayed straw into stacks, and storing under plastic. After storage for up to 60 weeks, in vitro digestibilities had been approximately doubled, although it appeared that the reaction was complete by 4 weeks. Potential digestibility of straw organic matter estimated by a polyester bag technique, was increased by c. 0.1 by NaOH treatment but the rate of digestion in the rumen was not changed. Following storage, treated and untreated straws were dried, ground, mixed with supplements and pelleted for feeding to sheep. Mixtures of treated or untreated oat straw, minerals, c. 3% urea and 0, 14, 28 or 42% starch were fed to mature wethers. The main effects of NaOH treatment of straw were to increase water intake, digestibilities of organic matter and cellulose, and rumen volatile fatty acid levels, and decrease rumen ammonia levels. Low intakes of NaOH-straw with no added starch were associated with high rumen pH (> 7.5 , probably due to unreacted alkali (equivalent to 23 g NaOH kg-1). Inclusion of starch, but not NaOH-straw treatment, improved dietary N utilization, although mean N balances were negative (- 5.5 to - 0.1 g day-1) on all diets. Feeding treated straw increased the amounts of Na eaten, and of Na and P apparently absorbed; the extra absorption was accounted for by increased urinary excretion so that retention was not increased. When diets of rape straw supplemented with urea and minerals were fed to 2-year-old wethers, NaOH treatment of straw increased intakes of food and water, organic matter digestibility, rumen volatile fatty acid concentration and N balance.

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Fatty Acid Content of Seed at Different Development Stages in Canola on Different Soil Types with Low Organic Matter

Plant Production Science ◽

10.1626/pps.17.253 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 253-259 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Fadul Onemli

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Content ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Soil Types ◽

Development Stages

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Pengaruh Imbangan Jerami Padi, Dedak Padi dan Onggok Terfermentasi terhadap Kecernaan dan Produk Fermentasi Rumen Secara In Vitro

Jurnal Agripet ◽

10.17969/agripet.v10i2.646 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 59-63

Author(s):

S.N.O. Suwandyastuti ◽

Efka Aris Rimbawanto ◽

Ning Iriyanti

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Rice Straw ◽

Rice Bran ◽

Volatile Fatty Acid ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Industrial Wastes ◽

Optimal Ratio ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility

The influence of the ratio of fermented rice straw, rice bran and cassava solid waste upon the In vitro digestibility and rumen fermentation productABSTRACT. Chemical and physical treatments have been attempted to improve the utilization of agro industrial wastes, but the result is not efficient and caused pollution. Besides, biological treatments using the microbes have been used to improve the nutritive value and utilization of agro industrial wastes. The current experiment was conducted to find out the optimal ratio of fermented rice straw, fermented rice bran and fermented tapioca waste. There were five kinds of ratio of fermented rice straw, fermented rice bran and fermented tapioca waste, namely: K1 (70% fermented rice straw + 15% fermented rice bran + fermented tapioca waste), K2 (60% fermented rice straw + 20% fermented rice bran + 20% fermented tapioca waste), K3 (50% fermented rice straw + 25% fermented rice bran + 25% fermented tapioca waste), K4 (40% fermented rice straw + 30% fermented rice bran + 30% fermented tapioca waste) and K5 (30% fermented rice straw + 35% fermented rice bran + 35% fermented tapioca waste) An in vitro technique, using completely Randomize Block Design was applied and each treatment was repeated four times. Variables measured were Dry matter and Organic matter digestibility and rumen fermentation products (volatile fatty acid and N-NH3 concentration). The dry matter digestibility of K1, K2, K3, k4 and K5 was 29.39, 31.27, 32.33, 33.71 and 34.82%, respectively. The organic matter digestibility of K1, K2, K3, K4 and 5 was 30.82, 31.27, 32.73, 34.94, and 34.92, respectively. Volatile fatty acid concentrations of K1, K2, K3, K4 and K5 were 95.19, 91.77, 87.21, 104.31, 106.59 mM/l, respectively. N-NH3 concentrations of K1, K2, K3, K4 and K5 were 0.97, 0.93, 0.93, 1.00, 1.04 mM/l, respectively. Significant difference (P0.01) was only found in dry matter digestibility among treatments, while others variables were not significantly different among treatments. It was indicated that the optimal ratio was K4.

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KAJIAN IN VITRO SUBTITUSI KONSENTRAT DENGAN PENGGUNAAN LIMBAH PERKEBUNAN SINGKONG YANG DISUPLEMENTASI KOBALT (Co) DAN SENG (Zn) DALAM RANSUM DOMBA

Buletin Peternakan ◽

10.21059/buletinpeternak.v39i2.6710 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

Iman Hernaman ◽

Atun Budiman ◽

Siti Nurachman ◽

Kundrat Hidrajat

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Volatile Fatty Acid ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Normal Range ◽

Native Grass ◽

Concentrate Supplementation ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

This research was aimed to investigate the effect of concentrate substitution with cassava plantation waste supplemented with cobalt and zinc in sheep ration. In vitro study was used in this experiment. Collected data were analyzed by Duncan’s test from Completely Randomized Design with four treatments and four replications. The experiment rations were R1 = 50% native grass + 50% concentrate, R2 = 50% native grass + 50% concentrate + 5 ppm cobalt + 30 ppm zinc, R3 = 50% native grass + 50% cassava plantation waste, R4 = 50% native grass + 50% cassava plantation waste + 5 ppm cobalt + 30 ppm zinc. The results showed that utilization of concentrate increased volatile fatty acid and N-NH3 concentration, and digestibility of dry and organic matter compared with cassava plantation waste. Volatile fatty acid and N-NH3 in sheep ration containing cassava plantation waste were still in normal range with dry and organic matter digestibility were up to 50%, but supplementation of cobalt and zinc had the same effect (P>0.05). It is concluded that cassava plantation waste can be used as sheep feed, but did not substitute concentrate. Supplementation of cobalt and zinc was not effective to improve fermentability and digestibility of cassava plantation waste. (Key words: Cassava plantation waste, Digestibility, In vitro, N-NH3, Sheep, Volatile fatty acid)

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Effects of Biogas Slurry on Fruit Economic Traits and Soil Nutrients of Camellia oleifera Abel

10.1101/472316 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Lu You ◽

Shuqin Yu ◽

Huiyun Liu ◽

Chutian Wang ◽

Zengliang Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Soil Nutrients ◽

Acid Content ◽

Rhizosphere Soil ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Application Rate ◽

Camellia Oleifera ◽

Biogas Slurry ◽

Economic Traits

AbstractSoil nutrients play a principal role in Camellia oleifera Abel (oil-seed camellia) production. Camellia oleifera absorbs nutrients from surrounding soils and its production is highly influenced by nutrients or fertilization. In this study, we investigated the effects of biogas slurry applications on soil nutrients and economic traits of C. oleifera fruits. Five different amounts of fertilizing biogas slurry (0, 10, 20, 30, or 40 kg/plant/year from three applications per year) were applied to C. oleifera plants in 2015 and 2016. Rhizosphere soil nutrients and C. oleifera fruit economic traits (yield, seed rate, and oil yield)were measured. Fertilization with biogas slurryincreasedsoil organic matter, available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in both 2015 and 2016. Increases in soil available N, P, and Kwere largest at the highest slurry application rate and second largest at the second highest application rate. Fruit economic traits were maximized at the two highest application rates. Oil yield was correlated withsoil available P in 2015 and 2016, and soil organic matter in 2015. Fertilization with biogas slurry decreased saturated fatty acid content in fruit but had no effect on unsaturated fatty acid content. In conclusion, fertilization with biogas slurry increases rhizosphere soil nutrients and fruit economic traits of C. oleifera with the rates of at least 30 kg/plant/year having the most positive effects.

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