DEMOGRAPHIC DETERMINANTS OF SOCIAL RISKS AND FEATURES OF THEIR MANIFESTATION IN THE LABOR MARKET DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radmila Pidlypna ◽  
◽  
Valeriia Smochko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Money Transfers ◽  
The Impact

Current article considers theoretical approaches to the consistency of the term "social risk", outlines their classification features. The impact on the labor market of quarantine restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic was investigated, the sequence of manifestation of social risks associated with a decrease in the level of economic activity was determined. Ukraine has been in conditions of economic and political instability since 2014, which was the result not only of a “hybrid war” from Russia (the main trading partner at that time), but also of chronic inefficiency of state and corporate governance. The 2020 pandemic only intensified the stagnation of the economy, with an annual GDP contraction of 4%. The labor market has undergone negative changes, basic social indicators have get worse − employment of the population and the level of unemployment; the number of labor migrants abroad has decreased and, accordingly, money transfers from abroad have reduced too; incomes of the population decreased due to a reduce of salary, partial or full loss of job,suspension ortermination of activities of individual entrepreneurs and selfemployed persons. The difference between the number of the active and inactive population is growing, which increases the social pressure on the employed population. Of the 15915.3 thousand employed persons, the number of insured persons was only 12823.5 thousand, while the number of retirees was 11131.0 thousand, that is, the coefficient of demographic dependence of the pension system in Ukraine is 0.87 (the number of retirees per one worker). Disbursement on social payment, excluding pensions, in Ukraine are 8-20 times less than in the closest European neighbors; despite the fact that the number of citizens living below the poverty line is 2-5 times higher than the indicators of neighboring countries. The consequence of the COVID-19 crisis was not only a drop in GDP, but also an increase in the state budget deficit to 5.3% of GDP in 2020 and to 5.5% of GDP in 2021. There is a growing risk that repeated waves of COVID-19 and unacceptably slow roll-out of vaccination will undermine optimistic forecasts for the domestic economy for the next decade.

scholarly journals Economic and social indicators of solidarity pension insurance in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Olha BEZPALENKO
Keyword(s):  
Pension Fund ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
State Budget ◽  
State Pension ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Economic And Social Indicators

Problems of pension provision, in particular, solidarity pension insurance, are under constant concern of scientists, the majority of the working population, pensioners, government officials and other stakeholders. The main issues of discussion are: social justice and insecurity, material security, financial imbalance and insolvency of the pension budget and others. The solution of these issues and the adoption of the appropriate decisions for further reform of the pension system should be based on a detailed assessment of various socio-economic factors. The aim of this work is to substantiate the problem of financial balance of the Pension Fund budget, generalize the impact of economic and social indicators on the level of solidarity pensions in Ukraine, and identify key aspects for solving urgent issues of reforming the national pension system. Ukrainian scientists have studied the following: the analysis of revenues and expenditures of the Pension Fund budget, the impact of certain factors on the development of pension insurance, foreign experience of pension provision and the possibility of its application in the pension system of Ukraine. The system of state pension insurance needs a deeper assessment, outlining the main directions of its further development and solving urgent issues in this area. The paper uses a systematic method to determine the role and place of pensions in social protection of the population; methods of synthesis, analysis, comparison to consider the demographic situation of the population, the number of retirees, the size of pensions, individual indicators of income; factor analysis in order to determine the influence of factors on the development of the solidarity pension system; graphical method for displaying the structure of budget revenues of the Pension Fund of Ukraine and its dynamics; hypothetical-deductive method for formulating conclusions and further prospects for the development of the national pension system. There were proposed the following main directions for solving the problems of solidarity pension insurance: joining the accumulative component to the existing solidarity pension system and their full functioning; reducing budget deficit of the Pension Fund due to the transfer of non-insurance functions of the solidarity system to the State budget; revision of the formula for calculating pensions and establishing closer relationship between insurance contributions and insurance payments; improving employment policy and investment policy in the pension assets management.

scholarly journals State Administration of Retirement Age in the terms of Budget Crisis

Upravlenie ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Соловьев ◽  
A. Solovev
Keyword(s):  
Pension System ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Pension Policy ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
State Pension ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the study is to analyze the effect of age on the appointment of the state pension fiscal system in our country. The problem of rising of the retirement age in Russia is given a value that is far away from the traditional context of direct influence of demographic processes on the level of pensions, on the one hand, and adaptation of the pension system to changing demographic factors, on the other. In the article the pension system for the first time is considered as a multifactorial model that corrects the degree of dependence on the mutually complex of macroeconomic and demographic factors in the different historical periods. This requires a fundamental change in the methodological approaches to the problem of rising the retirement age by using actuarial methods of forecasting. Actuarial analysis of the problem of retirement age in the work shows that the perception of the linear dependence of the age of the destination state of the demographic parameters cannot be considered as a tool for regulating the efficiency of the pension system. The results of the study are the specific parameters of actuarial assessments of the impact of demographic and macroeconomic conditions to increase the retirement age in Russia, conducted using data from the state statistics, formulated practical proposals to mitigate negative economic consequences. Conclusion: Rising the retirement age should be aimed at economic stimulation of formation of the pension rights of the insured in the long term, rather than the economy of the state budget. Methodological approaches, grounded in the work, and quantitative results of the actuarial calculations will be used in the formation of public pension policy in the preparation of the regulations to rise the retirement age, the pension formula of calculating the pension rights of insured persons, the mechanism of pension indexation.

scholarly journals The development of the Welfare State in Portugal: trends in social expenditure between 1938 and 2003

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Fernando Carolo ◽  
José António Pereirinha
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Social Expenditure ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Risk Protection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Welfare State

AbstractThis paper presents a data series on social expenditure in Portugal for the period 1938-2003. The series was built with the aim of identifying and characterizing the most significant phases in the process leading up to the current welfare state system in this country. The establishment of a social insurance (Previdência) in 1935 was one of the founding pillars of the Estado Novo (New State). Reforms to Social Welfare (Previdência Social) in 1962, while in the full throes of the New State, policy measures taken after the revolution of 1974 and a new orientation for social policy following the accession of Portugal to the European Economic Community (EEC) in the mid-1980s brought about significant transformations in the institutional organizational structure that provided welfare and conferred social rights in Portugal. To understand this process, knowledge is needed of the transformations to the institutional structures governing the organizations that provided welfare, welfare coverage in terms of the type of benefit and the population entitled to social risk protection, the magnitude of spending on benefits associated with these risks, as well as how benefits were allocated between the institutions. We built a data series for the period 1938-1980, which can then be matched to data already published in the OECD Social Expenditure Database from 1980 onwards. As a result, a consistent series for social expenditure from 1938 to 2003 was obtained. The methodology used to create the series enabled us to measure the impact of the variation in population coverage for social risks and the average generosity of benefits on the relative share of social expenditure in GDP. We present an interpretive reading for the full period, covering the New State and the Democracy from 1974, of the process of building the welfare state in Portugal.

Mūzikas terapija sociālo prasmju veicināšanai pusaudžiem no sociālo risku ģimenēm

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-109
Author(s):  
Dana Atslēga ◽  
Līga Enģele ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
The Social ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Therapy Studies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Therapy Sessions

A lack of social skills makes it very difficult for people to function and stay social, this is particularly the case with teenagers, where social networking is an important function for self-development and building up ones’ personality, as well as building a social group in order to fell affiliation. The study summarized various studies and their results on social skills and social networking as well as the impact of social risk families on the social networking process of teenagers. Also, a collection of different music therapy studies and sources for promoting social skills for teenagers from social risk families is evaluated. The selection consisted of the teens living in the crisis center from social risk families, who have received the referral of the social service of Rīga municipality or Jūrmala municipality. The amount of the selection that participated in 12 musical therapy sessions consisted of 59 teens aged 11 to 15 years. The results show that the musical therapy promotes social skills for teens from families of social risks.

scholarly journals Global Trends in the Labor Market and Balance of Losses and Benefits from Labor Migration

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 05012
Author(s):  
Emília Krajňáková ◽  
Sergej Vojtovič
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Migration Flows

The study deals with the analysis of global labor market trends in the European Union countries under the influence of free movement and labor migration within the European Union. Named analyzes include defining trends in the emigration and immigration flows of the workforce among the countries of the European Union that apply the policy of migration and countries that are the source of labor emigration. On this basis, labor migration losses and benefits are assessed and their impact on GDP creation on the labor market, the state budget and other economic and social indicators for countries with a migration policy and for countries with a strong majority of labor migration flows abroad are examined. On this basis, the processes of creating imbalances in the European labor market, which are affected by the absence of balance sheets in the benefits and losses of labor migration for individual countries, are examined. The analyzes and investigations carried out have resulted in the definition and justification of the shift in the balance of losses and benefits of labor migration towards a predominance of benefits for countries with a migration policy and a prevalence of losses for countries with a strong dominance of labor migration flows abroad.

scholarly journals PENSION DEFICIT IN BRAZILIAN SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM: LEGAL REMARKS AND STRATEGIES TOWARDS FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-329
Author(s):  
Cristiane Miziara Mussi ◽  
Marcos Roberto Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Security System ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Brazilian Government ◽  
The Impact

The present article consists in the brief analysis of the evolution of the Brazilian General Regime Social Security, depicting its frailty against subsequent legal reforms through which it has passed in recent years. It also deals with the impact of socioeconomic changes on the current and future financial sustainability of the Brazilian pension system. In fact, the evolution of the statistics concerning such social indicators can be quite decisive for the future sustainability of the Brazilian social security system. For this, we used the phenomenological method - hermeneutics, by privileging theoretical studies and analysis of documents and texts. Such research is very important in order to provide a glimpse of the general social security regimen in Brazil and its future prospects. The main results show that there is a budgetary concern due to the growth in life expectancy and declining birth rate. Even with the absence of the current financial deficit proclaimed by the media and the federal government, there will be the need for reform to fit the budget of Brazil’s future Social Security System. According to our analysis, the improvement of Brazilian Social Security requires legal autonomy of the Social Security Revenue (thus preventing the withdrawal of it funds to defray social security benefits belonging to another public sectors), the increase of minimum wage in the country, and public policies to stimulate the entry of informal workers in the General Social Security Regimen. Furthermore, this article suggests that, as a matter of immediate public policy, the Brazilian government should focus more energetically in improvement of educational systems, which presents itself as a strong indicator for the improvement of social welfare budget. 

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTATION OF GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS OF SOCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Radmila Pidlypna
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
The Social

Introduction. Accelerated pace of development of society contributes to the accelerated generation of social risks, modern society is characterized by constant technological, natural, economic, environmental, socio-cultural changes. Therefore, minimizing social risks and leveling their consequences is of paramount importance. Methods. Diagnosis of the state of the social risk management system combined the principles of systemic, structural-functional and targeted analysis, which provided a comprehensive assessment of the whole and individual components. Results. The analysis of expenditures on the social sphere showed their stable absolute growth despite the dynamic reduction of their share in the budget. Social risks are largely due to the non-transparency of the mechanism for regulating the supply and demand of labor in the domestic labor market. A significant share of macroeconomic social risks is related to the problems of social infrastructure, which is financed from the budget. Problems with access to health care, the opacity of the pharmaceutical market, the degradation of the health care network, chronic underfunding, and the lack of health insurance also generate social risks. The task of state policy should be to prevent and prevent social risks, identify social conflicts that lead to destructive consequences. Systematization of social risks allows to methodologically substantiate the mechanisms of social risk management, to modernize the models of social protection of the population, to develop effective tools for ensuring public management of social risks. Discussion. The impossibility of reducing funding for social needs without deteriorating the quality of life and social protection of the population requires further search for alternative sources of funding for socio-cultural expenditures, rationalization in the budget structure to effectively combat the development of social risks. Keywords: social policy, social risks, social transfers, household expenditures, labor market, health care.

scholarly journals The Role of Human Resources, Respectively Employment in the Sustainability of the Pension System in Kosovo

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Nexhmedin Shaqiri
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
The Impact

The study will focus on the evaluation of social indicators (indicators of population, unemployment rate, employment rate, etc.) and economic development in view of the socio-economic stability of Kosovo. The impact of the financial resources of pension funds in the quality of payment of pension annuities will be presented as key factors in the socio-economic stability of Kosovo. The research question is "How does the human potential, respectively employment or economic development in pension funds, impact on the sustainability of Kosovo's pension system". The theoretical basis of this study will focus on the study of human resources, employment theories and theories of economic development. Methods that help the study of this problem include the extraction of indicators to provide information which serves to measure the factors that indicate the point of crossing the threshold of socio-economic stability. The key finding of the analysis is the impact of human resource potential in the economic development of Kosovo and its impact on the sustainability of the pension system in Kosovo. From the results obtained conclusions will be drawn on the assessment of current economic development, the proper use of human resources, the assets of pension funds and employment requirements. From a critical evaluation connected to this theme, the findings will serve to make the necessary suggestions for changes and improvement of the problem.

scholarly journals PENSION DEFICIT IN BRAZILIAN SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM: LEGAL REMARKS AND STRATEGIES TOWARDS FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-329
Author(s):  
Cristiane Miziara Mussi ◽  
Marcos Roberto Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Security System ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Brazilian Government ◽  
The Impact

The present article consists in the brief analysis of the evolution of the Brazilian General Regime Social Security, depicting its frailty against subsequent legal reforms through which it has passed in recent years. It also deals with the impact of socioeconomic changes on the current and future financial sustainability of the Brazilian pension system. In fact, the evolution of the statistics concerning such social indicators can be quite decisive for the future sustainability of the Brazilian social security system. For this, we used the phenomenological method - hermeneutics, by privileging theoretical studies and analysis of documents and texts. Such research is very important in order to provide a glimpse of the general social security regimen in Brazil and its future prospects. The main results show that there is a budgetary concern due to the growth in life expectancy and declining birth rate. Even with the absence of the current financial deficit proclaimed by the media and the federal government, there will be the need for reform to fit the budget of Brazil’s future Social Security System. According to our analysis, the improvement of Brazilian Social Security requires legal autonomy of the Social Security Revenue (thus preventing the withdrawal of it funds to defray social security benefits belonging to another public sectors), the increase of minimum wage in the country, and public policies to stimulate the entry of informal workers in the General Social Security Regimen. Furthermore, this article suggests that, as a matter of immediate public policy, the Brazilian government should focus more energetically in improvement of educational systems, which presents itself as a strong indicator for the improvement of social welfare budget. 

scholarly journals YOUTH ADAPTATION TO THE LABOR MARKET CHALLENGES

2020 ◽  
Vol 288 (6) ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
O. CHUB ◽  
◽  
A. ILYENKO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Young People ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Youth Employment ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Individual Counseling ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Youth Counseling ◽  
The Impact

The relevance of the research topic is determined by the need to consider the issue of Ukrainian youth adaptation to the challenges on the labor market, which is under the influence of various crisis phenomena. They are related to the influence of both global and special internal factors. The aim of the study is to identify the impact of crisis phenomena on the youth adaptation to the labor market challenges. The object of research is the processes and factors influencing youth employment. The study of theoretical approaches to understanding the essence of the concepts such as “crisis” and “adaptation” revealed a direct connection between these phenomena, where the second imitates the first and affects the development of personality and the formation of new skills for transition. The analysis of the age population structure is carried out, which shows a low indicator in the category ”youth”. The dynamics of the level of youth employment in the periods of crisis fluctuations from 2007 to 2019 is demonstrated and negative trends are revealed. It is determined that due to the impact of crises, the labor market structure has suffered significant losses due to the decrease of the country population, aging of the nation, increased labor migration especially among young people, which leads to loss of labor country potential . Economic issues are the most acute for our state, and young people usually do not have enough experience and money savings to survive the period of trouble. Unemployed youth is a category with a high risk of social degradation, which is threatened by the development of marginal qualities, distortion of consciousness and civic views. Measures aimed at financial support for young people should be a priority, which should be targeted and provide additional employment guarantees. The fastest way is to develop and implement measures that will help young people adapt to the challenges of the organizational labor market. In this aspect, it is important to motivate and coordinate the cooperation of all social partners, which include employers, employment services, schools, higher education institutions and their career centers, NGOs, district education departments, and the authorities. An example is the Community of Employment Centers of leading Ukrainian universities from Kyiv, Kharkiv, Lviv, and Odessa, which was established in 2018 to share experiences of best and effective practices for promoting youth employment within our country. This collaboration has led to large-scale career activities for young people in all these cities, and during the pandemic, quickly find new options for cooperation with business, youth counseling and new career activities online. In order to mitigate the long-term effects of the coronary crisis on the youth labor market, a special program to support youth employment during the crisis should be considered. An example of such a comprehensive program, which can be taken as a model, is the EU program, which was established in 2013 and is aimed at young people aged 15 to 29. The terms of this program provide an opportunity to register young people who have completed the period of formal training and have not been employed for 4 months – for them the program offers employment opportunities, continuing education, internships, individual counseling and mentoring.

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