scholarly journals Influence of washing on the adhesion between 3D-printed TPU and woven fabrics

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Jannik Störmer ◽  
Daniel Görmer ◽  
Andrea Ehrmann
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Textile Fabrics ◽  
Fabric Structure ◽  
High Adhesion ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Textile Fabric

3D printing on textile fabrics can be used to create composites with position-dependent mechanical, water-resistant, magnetic or other properties. An important prerequisite to use such composites technologically or for design purposes is a sufficient adhesion between both materials. While previous studies revealed that soft, elastic printing polymers were advantageous to prepare connections with a high adhesion, not much research has been performed yet on the dependence of the adhesion on textile fabric structure, heat post-treatment, and the influence of washing, which is necessary for most applications of such composites. Here we investigate composites from thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) 3D-printed on two different woven cotton fabrics. Besides the expected strong correlation of the adhesion with the distance between nozzle and printing bed, we find a higher adhesion on the thinner fabric and an increase in the adhesion after one washing cycle.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF 3D PRINTING ON A TEXTILE FABRIC

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 729
Author(s):  
Silvija Mežinska ◽  
Ilmārs Kangro ◽  
Edgars Zaicevs ◽  
Gunta Salmane
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Textile Fabrics ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Textile Fabric ◽  
Individual Design ◽  
Printing Parameters ◽  
Different Thickness

3D printing capabilities are also used in the fashion and textile industries. 3D printed textiles are a new opportunity to create an individual design. Traditional textile structures can be interpreted using 3D printing technologies and materials. One of the most important factors associated with the use of 3D printing technology is to reduce the impact of processing on the physical properties of textile fabrics. Availability of 3D printers at Rezekne Academy of Technologies (RTA) provides experimental work with fabrics of different thickness and fibres as well as different filaments. This study is based on the analysis of synthetic fibre cloth processing and the effect of 3D printing parameters on textile materials. By applying successive layers of materials, the interaction between 3D printing and textiles is studied. In terms of adhesion and stability, the best adhesion parameters for a particular type of fabric are determined by analysing the type of the fabric. The variance analysis method is used to process the research results. 

scholarly journals Influence of elastic 3D printed polymers on the mechanical properties and tribology of textile fabrics

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
Andrea Ehrmann ◽  
Pia Steinmetz
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Surface Resistance ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Textile Fabrics ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printed Patterns

Combining textile fabrics with 3D printing has been investigated intensively during the last years. Mostly, research concentrated on the adhesion between both partners of the composite or on the new freedom of design, enabled by combining these techniques. Here, we present examinations of the influence of elastic 3D printed patterns on the elongation and wearing out of elastic textile fabrics as well as on the tribological properties of the textile surface, comparing pure and imprinted textile fabrics. Therefore, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) was 3D printed in different patterns on diverse textile fabrics. Our study shows that for a sufficient adhesion, reached by small enough nozzle-fabric distance, elastic 3D printed patterns can indeed improve the surface resistance against wear.

scholarly journals DESIGN OF A 3D-PRINTED THREE-CLAW ROBOTIC GRIPPER END-EFFECTOR

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 70-79
Author(s):  
Dino Dominic Forte Ligutan ◽  
Argel Alejandro Bandala ◽  
Jason Limon Española ◽  
Richard Josiah Calayag Tan Ai ◽  
Ryan Rhay Ponce Vicerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Grip Force ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Robotic Arm ◽  
End Effector ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Metal Work

The development of a novel 3D-printed three-claw robotic gripper shall be described in this paper with the goal of incorporating various design considerations. Such considerations include the grip reliability and stability, grip force maximization, wide object grasping capability. Modularization of its components is another consideration that allows its parts to be easily machined and reusable. The design was realized by 3D printing using a combination of tough polylactic acid (PLA) material and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) material. In practice, additional tolerances were also considered for 3D printing of materials to compensate for possible expansion or shrinkage of the materials used to achieve the required functionality. The aim of the study is to explore the design and eventually deploy the three-claw robotic gripper to an actual robotic arm once its metal work fabrication is finished.

scholarly journals Electrospinning on 3D Printed Polymers for Mechanically Stabilized Filter Composites

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Kozior ◽  
Al Mamun ◽  
Marah Trabelsi ◽  
Martin Wortmann ◽  
Sabantina Lilia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Electrospun Nanofiber ◽  
Polymer Nanofiber ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Nanofiber Mats

Electrospinning is a frequently used method to prepare air and water filters. Electrospun nanofiber mats can have very small pores, allowing for filtering of even the smallest particles or molecules. In addition, their high surface-to-volume ratio allows for the integration of materials which may additionally treat the filtered material through photo-degradation, possess antimicrobial properties, etc., thus enhancing their applicability. However, the fine nanofiber mats are prone to mechanical damage. Possible solutions include reinforcement by embedding them in composites or gluing them onto layers that are more mechanically stable. In a previous study, we showed that it is generally possible to stabilize electrospun nanofiber mats by 3D printing rigid polymer layers onto them. Since this procedure is not technically easy and needs some experience to avoid delamination as well as damaging the nanofiber mat by the hot nozzle, here we report on the reversed technique (i.e., first 3D printing a rigid scaffold and subsequently electrospinning the nanofiber mat on top of it). We show that, although the adhesion between both materials is insufficient in the case of a common rigid printing polymer, nanofiber mats show strong adhesion to 3D printed scaffolds from thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). This paves the way to a second approach of combining 3D printing and electrospinning in order to prepare mechanically stable filters with a nanofibrous surface.

scholarly journals Investigating the Potential of Commercial-Grade Carbon Black-Filled TPU for the 3D Printing of Compressive Sensors

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Manganiello ◽  
David Naso ◽  
Francesco Cupertino ◽  
Orazio Fiume ◽  
Gianluca Percoco
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Hollow Structure ◽  
Soft Or ◽  
Commercial Grade ◽  
Displacement Sensors ◽  
Commercial Carbon ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Mechanical Devices

The present research aims to exploit commercially available materials and machines to fabricate multilayer, topologically designed transducers, which can be embedded into mechanical devices, such as soft or rigid grippers. Preliminary tests on the possibility of fabricating 3D-printed transducers using a commercial conductive elastomeric filament, carbon black-filled thermoplastic polyurethane, are presented. The commercial carbon-filled thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), analyzed in the present paper, has proven to be a candidate material for the production of 3D printed displacement sensors. Some limitations in fabricating the transducers from a 2.85 mm filament were found, and comparisons with 1.75 mm filaments should be conducted. Moreover, further research on the low repeatability at low displacements and the higher performance of the hollow structure, in terms of repeatability, must be carried out. To propose an approach that can very easily be reproduced, only commercial filaments are used.

scholarly journals Unmasking the Mask: Investigating the Role of Physical Properties in the Efficacy of Fabric Masks to Prevent the Spread of the COVID-19 Virus

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 7756
Author(s):  
Adine Gericke ◽  
Mohanapriya Venkataraman ◽  
Jiri Militky ◽  
Hester Steyn ◽  
Jana Vermaas
Keyword(s):  
Structural Properties ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Performance Properties ◽  
Nonwoven Fabrics ◽  
Textile Fabrics ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Textile Fabric

To function as source control, a fabric mask must be able to filter micro-droplets (≥5 µm) in expiratory secretions and still allow the wearer to breathe normally. This study investigated the effects of fabric structural properties on the filtration efficiency (FE) and air permeability (AP) of a range of textile fabrics, using a new method to measure the filtration of particles in the described conditions. The FE improved significantly when the number of layers increased. The FE of the woven fabrics was generally higher, but double-layer weft knitted fabrics, especially when combined with a third (filter) layer, provided a comparable FE without compromising on breathability. This also confirmed the potential of nonwoven fabrics as filter layers in masks. None of the physical fabric properties studied affected FE significantly more than the others. The variance in results achieved within the sample groups show that the overall performance properties of each textile fabric are a product of its combined physical or structural properties, and assumptions that fabrics which appear to be similar will exhibit the same performance properties cannot be made. The combination of layers of fabric in the design of a mask further contributes to the product performance.

Simulation and Validation of Fully 3D Printed Soft Actuators

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffi Torres ◽  
Julio San Martin ◽  
Brittany Newell ◽  
Jose Garcia
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Strain Behavior ◽  
Fea Model ◽  
First Case ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Soft Actuators ◽  
Robotic Applications

Abstract Flexible actuators are a growing class of devices implemented in soft robotic applications, medical devices and processes involving food and pharmaceutical products. Such actuators have traditionally been manufactured using casting processes or other conventional methods requiring more than one fabrication step. The arrival of flexible 3D printing materials and 3D printing techniques has facilitated the creation of these flexible actuators via additive manufacturing. The work presented in this article displays the analytical characterization and experimental validation of two materials and two actuator designs. The first case presents a finite element analysis (FEA) simulated model of a bellows actuator using a photocurable flexible resin (TangoPlus FLX930) and studies the effect of printing orientation on the simulation. The simulation used a 5 parameter Mooney-Rivlin model to predict the strain behavior of the actuator under hydrostatic pressure. A second case is presented where a Thermoplastic Polyurethane actuator was 3D printed and simulated using the same FEA model and a second calibration of the Mooney-Rivlin 5 parameter model. In both cases experimental data was used to calibrate and validate the simulation. The resulting simulated strain was consistent when the printing orientation of actuators was parallel (0 degrees) to the strain direction of the actuators. Results were less consistent when a print orientation of 45 degrees was applied.

scholarly journals 3D Printing of a Self-Healing Thermoplastic Polyurethane through FDM: From Polymer Slab to Mechanical Assessment

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Linda Ritzen ◽  
Vincenzo Montano ◽  
Santiago J. Garcia
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
The Self ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed

The use of self-healing (SH) polymers to make 3D-printed polymeric parts offers the potential to increase the quality of 3D-printed parts and to increase their durability and damage tolerance due to their (on-demand) dynamic nature. Nevertheless, 3D-printing of such dynamic polymers is not a straightforward process due to their polymer architecture and rheological complexity and the limited quantities produced at lab-scale. This limits the exploration of the full potential of self-healing polymers. In this paper, we present the complete process for fused deposition modelling of a room temperature self-healing polyurethane. Starting from the synthesis and polymer slab manufacturing, we processed the polymer into a continuous filament and 3D printed parts. For the characterization of the 3D printed parts, we used a compression cut test, which proved useful when limited amount of material is available. The test was able to quasi-quantitatively assess both bulk and 3D printed samples and their self-healing behavior. The mechanical and healing behavior of the 3D printed self-healing polyurethane was highly similar to that of the bulk SH polymer. This indicates that the self-healing property of the polymer was retained even after multiple processing steps and printing. Compared to a commercial 3D-printing thermoplastic polyurethane, the self-healing polymer displayed a smaller mechanical dependency on the printing conditions with the added value of healing cuts at room temperature.

Characterization of PLA/TPU composite filaments manufactured for 3D printing with FDM

2021 ◽  
pp. 089270572110625
Author(s):  
Ajay Jayswal ◽  
Sabit Adanur
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed

Polylactic acid (PLA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) were mixed in different proportions and extruded through twin-screw and single-screw extruders to obtain composite filaments to be used for 3D printing with fused deposition modeling (FDM) method. The properties of the filaments were characterized using uniaxial tensile tests, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), rheology, polarized optical microscope (POM), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). 3D printed samples from composite filaments were tested using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). It was found that the tensile strength and modulus of the filaments decrease while elongation at break increases with the increasing TPU content in the composite. The analysis also showed a partial miscibility of the polymer constituents in the solution of composite filaments. Finally, a flexible structure, plain weave fabric, was designed and 3D printed using the composite filaments developed which proved that the filaments are well suited for 3D printing.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of Porous Thermoplastic Polyurethane Obtained by 3D Printing for Protective Gear

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyojeong Lee ◽  
Ran-i Eom ◽  
Yejin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Shock Absorption ◽  
Protective Gear ◽  
Compression Properties ◽  
Impact Deformation ◽  
3D Printed

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an efficient and sustainable technology useful in various manufacturing fields. The aim of this study was to investigate the applicability of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as a 3D printing material and the conditions related to the use of TPU as personal protective equipment. The tensile strength, shock absorption, and compressibility were evaluated for different infill and thickness conditions. An increase in the infill rate led to an increase in the tensile strength, regardless of the sample thickness. Similarly, the compression energy increased as the infill increased. Both the shock absorption and compression properties increased as the thickness decreased under identical infill conditions. The actual shock absorption test data were compared to the results of structural analyses, which confirmed the potential for predicting impact deformation through the analysis of the tensile characteristics and the basic properties of a 3D printed material.

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