Treating maize with amino-acid biostimulators for silage production in the Smolensk region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А. Прудников ◽  
П. Курятов
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Maize Productivity ◽  
Yield Variation ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Well Yield ◽  
Silage Production

Исследования проводились в 20162018 годах в Смоленской области. Рост производства молока в Смоленской области требует увеличения производства кормов. В качестве эффективной культуры для этих целей подходит раннеспелая кукуруза на силос, выращенная по зерновой технологии. При выращивании кукурузы важно обеспечить чистоту посевов, которая достигается применением гербицидов, таких как МайсТер Пауэр или Аденго . Большинство почв Нечерноземья России имеет низкую обеспеченность микроэлементами, которую можно устранить с помощью биостимуляторов отечественного производства. Их можно применять в виде некорневых подкормок один-три раза в течение вегетации, начиная с появления пятого листа кукурузы. Обработка растений кукурузы различными препаратами оказывала неодинаковое влияние на урожайность культуры. Достоверное увеличение урожайности как в благоприятном 2016 году, так и в неблагоприятном 2017 наблюдалось при использовании препаратов Фертигрейн Фолиар и Амино Цинк : 18,4 и 25,2 в 2016 году, 32,5 и 29,9 соответственно в 2017 году. В 2016 году достоверная прибавка наблюдалась также при обработке растений препаратами Биостим Рост и Ультрамаг Бор . Рост урожайности составлял 9,7 и 11,6. Остальные препараты не оказывали влияния на сбор корма. В 2017 году прибавка урожая (18,2) была получена лишь при обработке растений препаратом Биостим Рост . Исследованиями установлено, что применение аминокислотных биостимуляторов Амино Цинк , Биостим Рост , Фертигрейн Фолиар как на гибриде Воронежский 160 СВ, так и на П7054 улучшило структуру урожая, способствовало росту массы початка, увеличилось число зёрен в початке, масса зерна с початка, что положительно сказалось на урожайности гибридов и эффективности их производства. Наибольший эффект обеспечили биостимуляторы Амино Цинк , Фертигрейн Фолиар и Биостим рост , которые увеличили рентабельность возделывания кукурузы на 1237,2. The investigation took place in the Smolensk region in 20162018. Increase in milk yield requires intensification of forage production. Silage from short-season maize (cultivated as for grain production) can be effectively used for this purpose. In this case such herbicides as Maister Power or Adengo are used to control weeds. Most soils of the Non-Chernozem region are poor in microelements demanding use of domestic biostimulators. Topdressing with biostimulators happens once-trice per growing season starting from the fifth-leaf stage. Maize treatment by various preparations led to yield variation. Growth stimulators Fertigreyn Foliar and Amino Zn significantly increased yields both in favorable 2016 and unfavorable 2017: by 18.4 and 25.2 in 2016, 32.5 and 29.9 in 2017, respectively. Biostim Rost and Ultramag Bor significantly improved maize productivity in 2016 as well. Yield increase amounted to 9.7 and 11.6. The rest of preparations showed no significant effect. In 2017 yield increase (18.2) happened only after Biostim Rost application. Amino-acid biostimulators Amino Zn, Biostim Rost and Fertigreyn Foliar improved yield parameters, ear weight, grain number and weight both on hybrid Voronezhskiy 160 SV and P7054. Amino Zn, Biostim Rost

Maize cultivation in the Kaluga region for rolled grain conservation

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Л.В. Кузнецова ◽  
В.Н. Мазуров
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Maize Cultivation ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Kaluga Region ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Silage Production

В Калужской области в условиях инновационного развития животноводческой отрасли отмечено увеличение количества ферм с круглогодовым стойловым содержанием животных, которое требует качественных энергетических кормов собственного производства. В этом направлении актуально использование кукурузного корма в виде не только силоса, но и зерна. В результате многолетнего изучения в Калужском НИИСХ более 70 сортов и гибридов кукурузы зарубежной и отечественной селекции установлено, что в условиях области возможно выращивание кукурузы на силос, зерностержневую массу и зерно. Урожайность зелёной массы изучаемых гибридов составляла от 30 до 75 т/га, зерна — от 4 до 11 т/га. Произведён расчёт типовой научно обоснованной технологической карты возделывания кукурузы на зерно с последующим химическим консервированием плющеного зерна, показана экономическая эффективность технологии на примере Калужской области. Расчёты выполнены на основе использующихся в регионе технологий возделывания этой культуры и приготовления консервированного плющеного зерна в полимерном рукаве. При определении себестоимости продукции произведён расчёт потребности в денежных средствах по статьям затрат на выращивание кукурузы и приготовление её с помощью химического консервирования плющеного зерна. На основе полученных результатов установлено, что на производство 700 т плющеной консервированной кукурузы, при урожайности культуры 7 т/га, потребуется 5782,2 тыс. руб. (в ценах 2018 года). Для оценки вариабельности технологии с точки зрения рисков получения меньшей или большей урожайности нормативы затрат рассчитаны на 1 га и 1 т продукции при урожайности кукурузы на зерно 5, 7, 9 т/га. Полученные данные позволяют утверждать, что с ростом урожайности кукурузы от 5 до 9 т/га себестоимость 1 т продукции снижается с 11 405 до 6513 руб. (в ценах 2018 года). The number of farms keeping livestock indoors all year round grew in the Kaluga region. Therefore, local forage production of high quality and nutrition became an important issue. Maize grain is a promising feed along with corn silage. Kaluga Agricultural Research Institute tested over 70 foreign and domestic maize varieties and hybrids for several years proving crop applicability for silage production, cob mass and grain. Hybrids produced 30‒75 t ha-1 of green mass and 4‒11 t ha-1 of grain. A flow chart for maize rolled grain conservation was developed; economic efficiency of the technology was proved. Calculations were performed according to regional technology of maize cultivation and rolled grain conservation in plastic bag. Prime costs for rolled grain conservation were evaluated. Production and conservation of 700 t of maize rolled grain requires 5782.2 rubles (2018) when crop yielding 7 t ha-1. To consider the risk of yield variation costs for 1 ha and 1 t of grain were calculated under grain productivity of 5, 7, 9 t ha-1. Yield increase from 5 to 9 t ha-1 reduces prime costs for 1 t of grain mass from 11 405 to 6513 rubles (2018).

An assessment of the factors controlling the productivity of maize in England

1951 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Bunting ◽  
G. E. Blackman
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Other Hand

Between 1942 and 1950, some thirty field experiments have been carried out in the southern half of England to assess the potential value, either for grain or forage production, of seventeen openpollinated flint or dent maizes together with twentynine single or double hybrids of American or Canadian origin.Early-maturing flint varieties will consistently ripen grain, but before mechanical threshing or storage, the cobs require drying. Sibthorp, a mass selection made from an unknown German variety, is the earliest and most productive flint maize so far tested, and in the experiments has yielded as much as 39 cwt. of grain per acre with an average of 24 cwt. The earliest American hybrids, i.e. those with a U.S.A. rating of 80 days from sowing to maturity, give very high yields of grain in favourable seasons. Within the group Wisconsin 240–275, a yield level equal to or exceeding 50 cwt./acre has on occasion been recorded. On the other hand, in the most unfavourable years, such hybrids just failed to produce ripe cobs.Attempts to maintain sixty-five parent inlines of the earliest hybrids have largely failed. However, many of the parent single crosses have matured, and the production on a field scale of the double-cross seed of both Wisconsin 240 and 255 has been carried out.Spacing experiments indicate that for optimum grain production a density of 6 plants/sq.yd. is required for both flint varieties and the earliest hybrids. A spatial arrangement of individual plants is to be preferred to that of groups or hills.American hybrids, in the class of ‘90 days’ to maturity, will in all but the most unfavourable seasons reach the ‘early-dent’ stage of the grain before the incidence of autumn frosts. Yields of dry matter of plants harvested in this phase have ranged from 30 to 85 cwt. of dry matter per acre. In these trials, the plant density was standardized at 4 plants/sq.yd. and higher densities may be demanded for optimal yields.The ratio of the ‘ear’ (that is, the cob, immature grain and enclosing leaf sheaths) to the total shoot weight at harvest varies greatly with the variety or hybrid. With White Horsetooth, the usual variety grown for fodder in England, no cobs are formed before the plants are killed by frost, while with the early hybrids, the ear may be half the weight of the whole shoot.The earliest variety Sibthorp from an early May sowing takes approximately 70–80 days to reach full anthesis, while ‘80-day’ American hybrids are a week later. From sowing to full maturity the period in England is from 140 to 160 days, thus compared to conditions in Minnesota the period is nearly twice as long. Because of the much slower rate of development and because of the humidity of English autumns, it is concluded that until the date of maturity can be advanced some 14 days, grain production on a field scale is not yet feasible. On the other hand, many of the American hybrids are well fitted to the production of silage. The greatest drawback to the introduction of such hybrids is the liability of the seed and seedlings to be attacked by rooks.

Forage and grain yield of grazed or defoliated spring and winter cereals in a winter-dominant, low-rainfall environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison. J. Frischke ◽  
James R. Hunt ◽  
Dannielle K. McMillan ◽  
Claire J. Browne
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality

In the Mallee region of north-western Victoria, Australia, there is very little grazing of crops that are intended for grain production. The success of dual-purpose crops in other regions in south-eastern Australia with higher and more evenly distributed rainfall has driven interest in assessing the performance of dual-purpose cereals in the region. Five experiments were established in five consecutive years (2009–13) in the southern Mallee to measure the forage production and grain yield and quality response in wheat and barley to grazing by sheep or mechanical defoliation. The first three experiments focused on spring cultivars sown from late April to June, and the last two on winter cultivars planted from late February to early March. Cereal crops provided early and nutritious feed for livestock, with earlier sowing increasing the amount of dry matter available for winter grazing, and barley consistently produced more dry matter at the time of grazing or defoliation than wheat. However, the grain-production response of cereals to grazing or defoliation was variable and unpredictable. Effects on yield varied from –0.7 to +0.6 t/ha, with most site × year × cultivar combinations neutral (23) or negative (14), and few positive (2). Changes in grain protein were generally consistent with yield dilution effects. Defoliation increased the percentage of screenings (grains passing a 2-mm sieve) in three of five experiments. Given the risk of reduced grain yield and quality found in this study, and the importance of grain income in determining farm profitability in the region, it is unlikely that dual-purpose use of current cereal cultivars will become widespread under existing grazing management guidelines for dual-purpose crops (i.e. that cereal crops can be safely grazed once anchored, until Zadoks growth stage Z30, without grain yield penalty). It was demonstrated that early-sown winter wheat cultivars could produce more dry matter for grazing (0.4–0.5 t/ha) than later sown spring wheat and barley cultivars popular in the region (0.03–0.21 t/ha), and development of regionally adapted winter cultivars may facilitate adoption of dual-purpose cereals on mixed farms.

The effectiveness of “Biotrof 2+” bio-preservative in Northwest Russia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Д.А. Ахматчин ◽  
С.Н. Биконя ◽  
В.В. Солдатова ◽  
Г.Ю. Лаптев
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Animal Farming ◽  
Indirect Impact ◽  
Protein Feeding ◽  
Silage Production ◽  
Livestock Productivity ◽  
Made In

История сельского хозяйства включает в себя многолетний опыт применения биологических консервантов для силосования. Однако, учитывая различную эффективность препаратов, предлагаемых на рынке, а также инфляцию научного слова в угоду маркетинговым стратегиям, сложно найти действительно качественный и эффективный консервант. Кормовой потенциал, который заключается в питательности силоса и его гигиеническом статусе во многом определяет эффективность животноводческих хозяйств. Поэтому важно учитывать как можно больше факторов в цепочке производства кормов, влияющих на продуктивность и здоровье животных, особенно тех факторов, которые поддаются корректировке. Различную эффективность микробиологических препаратов можно отнести к подобным детерминантам. В статье дана оценка консервирующим способностям препаратов, которая выражена в степени подкисления и сохранении кормовой ценности. Полученные данные дают возможность установить опосредованную роль биологических консервантов в молочной продуктивности коров. Эксперименты проводили в 2019 году на базе СПК «Кобраловский» Ленинградской области. В траншеи закладывался силос из многолетних трав (смесь злаковых и бобовых культур). Во время закладки провяленная зелёная масса тщательно трамбовалась, после завершения трамбовки закрывалась плёнкой. Препараты вносились, исходя из рекомендаций производителей консервантов, с помощью насосно-дозирующего комплекса уборочного комбайна. Консерванты были представлены в сухой и жидкой форме. Через 30–35 дней, после окончания ферментации силоса, отбирали образцы готового корма для оценки биохимических показателей (питательности, содержания органических кислот). Готовый корм, заготовленный с биоконсервантом «Биотроф 2+», содержал сырого протеина на 24,3% больше, чем корм, заготовленный с английским препаратом, и на 31,6% больше по сравнению с препаратом шведского производства. Наблюдалось увеличение среднесуточного удоя молока 4% жирности у коров, которым скармливали силос, заготовленный с закваской «Биотроф 2+», на 5,1% в сравнении с группой коров, которым скармливали силос, заготовленный с английской закваской, и на 8,4% — с шведским консервантом. Bio-preservatives are widely used in agriculture for silage production. A large variety of preparations makes it difficult to select an effective preservative of high quality. Silage nutritional value and quality directly affect animal farming. Therefore, the more factors of forage production are considered the higher livestock productivity and health level. This article reports on preservative efficacy determined by acid composition and nutritional value. The obtained data demonstrated an indirect impact of bio-preservatives on milk productivity. The investigation took place at the SPK “Kobralovskiy” in the Leningrad region in 2019. Silage was composed of gramineous and legumes. Wilted green mass was thoroughly rammed and covered subsequently. Preparations were applied by a dosing complex of a harvesting machine according to manufacturer instructions. Liquid and dried preparations were used. Silage samples were tested 30–35 days post fermentation. Silage prepared by “Biotrof 2+” exceeded two foreign preservatives by 24.3 and 31.6% in crude protein. Feeding cows with “Biotrof 2+” silage increased the average daily yield of 4% milk by 5.1 and 8.4% compared to the preservatives made in England and Sweden, respectively.

scholarly journals Patterns of tillering and grain production of winter wheat at a wide range of plant densities.

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Darwinkel
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Densities

The effect of plant density on the growth and productivity of the various ear-bearing stems of winter wheat was studied in detail to obtain information on the pattern of grain production of crops grown under field conditions. Strong compensation effects were measured: a 160-fold increase in plant density (5-800 plants/m2) finally resulted in a 3-fold increase in grain yield (282 to 850 g DM/m2). Max. grain yield was achieved at 100 plants/m2, which corresponded to 430 ears/m2 and to about 19 000 grains/m2. At higher plant densities more ears and more grains were produced, but grain yield remained constant. Tillering/plant was largely favoured by low plant densities because these allowed tiller formation to continue for a longer period and a greater proportion of tillers produced ears. However, at higher plant densities more tillers/unit area were formed and, despite a higher mortality, more ears were produced. The productivity of individual ears, from main stems as well as from tillers, decreased with increasing plant density and with later emergence of shoots. In the range from 5 to 800 plants/m2 grain yield/ear decreased from 2.40 to 1.14 g DM. At 800 plants/m2 nearly all ears originated from main stems, but with decreasing plant density tillers contributed increasingly to the number of ears. At 5 plants/m2, there were 23 ears/plant and grain yield/ear ranged from 4.20 (main stem) to 1.86 g DM (late-formed stems). Grain number/ear was reduced at higher densities and on younger stems, because there were fewer fertile spikelets and fewer grains in these spikelets. At the low density of 5 plants/m2, plants developed solitarily and grain yield/ear was determined by the number of grains/ear as well as by grain wt. Above 400 ears/m2, in this experiment reached at 100 plants/m2 and more, grain yield/ear depended solely on grain number, because the wt. of grains of the various stems were similar. The harvest index showed a max. of about 44% at a moderate plant density; at this density nearly max. grain yield was achieved. At low plant densities the harvest index decreased from 45% in main stems to about 36% in late-formed stems. However, no differences in harvest index existed between the various ear-bearing stems if the number of ears exceeded 400/m2. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Potential of Lablab purpureus accessions for crop-livestock production in the West African savanna

2006 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. U. EWANSIHA ◽  
U. F. CHIEZEY ◽  
S. A. TARAWALI ◽  
E. N. O. IWUAFOR
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Moist Savanna ◽  
Savanna Zone

The introduction and use of herbaceous legumes may contribute to agricultural intensification, especially in the context of sustainable crop and livestock production systems. In the context of evaluating different legume species for these systems in moist savanna zone of West Africa, the present study involved the evaluation of 46 accessions of Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet between 2000 and 2002 at Samaru, Zaria in the northern Guinea savanna of Nigeria to identify accessions with the potential to contribute to grain or forage production and those with the potential for multiple use. Grain yields (0·6–2·4 t/ha) with a mean seed crude protein and phosphorus content of 25·3 and 0·46 g/kg, respectively, were obtained. Dry matter yields (leaf: 0·3–3·1, stem: 0·2–4·6, root: 0·03–0·3 t/ha) were produced between 40 and 140 days after planting. Within this same period up to 1152 kg shoot crude protein/ha, equivalent to 184 kg N/ha, were recorded for accessions. Ten accessions that may contribute to grain production, eight accessions that may contribute to forage production and six accessions with drought tolerance were identified. Some white-seeded accessions (Grif 1246, ILRI 4612 and PI 183451) with good grain and forage yield and high-protein content have the potential to provide more and higher quality food for people and feed for livestock. The observed potential to contribute to grain production for protein-rich food, feed for livestock and green manure for soil N improvement suggests lablab may be an acceptable legume option for use in cereal-legume-livestock systems in the moist savanna zone of West Africa.

Forage production for dairy farming in terms of the Research Station “Poyma”

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
А.А. Анисимов ◽  
П.И. Комахин ◽  
В.Н. Золотарев
Keyword(s):  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Animal Product ◽  
Advanced Experience ◽  
Stable Production ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Silage Production

Важнейшей проблемой продовольственной безопасности страны является уровень обеспеченности населения молочными продуктами. В связи с этим большое значение имеет опыт работы передовых хозяйств такого профиля в определённых почвенно-климатических и природно-экологических условиях. ФГБУ «Опытная станция «Пойма» является одним из наиболее эффективных хозяйств в Московской области по производству молока. Общая площадь сельскохозяйственных угодий составляет 6135 га, из них 2000 га пашни. В структуре посевных площадей 95% и более занимают кормовые культуры, в том числе 12–14% — однолетние травы, 68–70% — многолетние травы и природные кормовые угодья, 15–16% — кукуруза на силос. Основное производство кормов сосредоточено на высокоплодородных пойменных землях, на долю которых приходится 84% кормовых угодий. В статье изложены результаты системного применения достижений науки и передового опыта по стабильному производству высококачественных объёмистых кормов. Проведён анализ состояния кормопроизводства и животноводства хозяйства с 1982 по 2020 год, освещены научные подходы к увеличению производства кормов и животноводческой продукции. Системное освоение передовых научных разработок по созданию высокопродуктивных кормовых посевов и стабильному производству высококачественных объёмистых кормов, их рациональному хранению и использованию, техническая модернизация позволили увеличить среднегодовой надой на корову с 4079 до 9708 кг, или более чем в 2,3 раза, при одновременном снижении расхода кормов на 1 кг молока с 1,37 до 0,90 корм. ед. при повышении рентабельности с 16 до 28%. Food safety of the country is highly affected by the availability of milk products. Therefore, the experience of leading farms is of great importance under certain environmental conditions. The Research Station “Poyma” is one of the leading milk producers in the Moscow region. Its fields occupy around 6135 ha. The proportion of forage crops amounts to 95% including 12–14% of annual grasses, 68–70% of perennial grasses and natural forage lands as well as 15–16% of maize for silage production. 84% of the total cultivation area are high-fertile floodlands. This article focuses on the application of the latest scientific findings and advanced experience for stable production of high-quality bulk fodder. The efficiency of forage production and Animal Husbandry was analyzed in the period from 1982 to 2020. The methods and practices were reviewed to optimize forage and animal product resources. Average annual milk yield was improved from 4079 to 9708 kg per cow, or by more than 2.3 times due to the introduction of the latest findings into the production process including the cultivation of high-productive forage crops, stabilization of bulk fodder supplies, feed effective storage and use. Forage consumption dropped from 1.37 to 0.90 feed units for the production of 1 kg of milk, payback increased from 16 to 28%.

scholarly journals Unleashing floret fertility in wheat through the mutation of a homeobox gene

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (11) ◽  
pp. 5182-5187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun Sakuma ◽  
Guy Golan ◽  
Zifeng Guo ◽  
Taiichi Ogawa ◽  
Akemi Tagiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Duplication ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Leucine Zipper ◽  
Homeobox Gene ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Evolutionary Novelty ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Wheat Evolution ◽  
Number Increase

Floret fertility is a key determinant of the number of grains per inflorescence in cereals. During the evolution of wheat (Triticum sp.), floret fertility has increased, such that current bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars set three to five grains per spikelet. However, little is known regarding the genetic basis of floret fertility. The locus Grain Number Increase 1 (GNI1) is shown here to be an important contributor to floret fertility. GNI1 evolved in the Triticeae through gene duplication. The gene, which encodes a homeodomain leucine zipper class I (HD-Zip I) transcription factor, was expressed most abundantly in the most apical floret primordia and in parts of the rachilla, suggesting that it acts to inhibit rachilla growth and development. The level of GNI1 expression has decreased over the course of wheat evolution under domestication, leading to the production of spikes bearing more fertile florets and setting more grains per spikelet. Genetic analysis has revealed that the reduced-function allele GNI-A1 contributes to the increased number of fertile florets per spikelet. The RNAi-based knockdown of GNI1 led to an increase in the number of both fertile florets and grains in hexaploid wheat. Mutants carrying an impaired GNI-A1 allele out-yielded WT allele carriers under field conditions. The data show that gene duplication generated evolutionary novelty affecting floret fertility while mutations favoring increased grain production have been under selection during wheat evolution under domestication.

Studies of grain production in Sorghum bicolor (L. Moench). IV.* Some effects of increasing and decreasing photosynthesis at different stages of the plant's development on the storage capacity of the inflorescence

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
KS Fischer ◽  
GL Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Plant Competition ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Sorghum plants (cv. RS610) grown in field stands at two population densities were manipulated to increase the supply of assimilates (by removing neighbouring plants) at one of three developmental stages—10-15 days after floral initiation, 1 week prior to three-quarters anthesis, and 1 week after three-quarters anthesis. Post-initiation exposure increased the number of grains per inflorescence 1.8-fold and 3.5-fold in medium and high density populations respectively, but had relatively less effect on grain size. Higher grain number resulted largely from more grains per secondary branch in the lower part of the inflorescence. Neither of the post-heading exposure treatments influenced grain number, but the higher supply of assimilates resulted in larger grains at both densities. Differences at one density only between yield characteristics of plants exposed at the two times provide evidence of inter-plant competition for assimilates to the extent that the potential size of the grain may be affected. Shading (10% light transmission) of plants grown in a glasshouse, whether for 1 week at anthesis or during grain filling, reduced grain yield at maturity by the same amount as the immediate reduction at the end of the shading period. The experiment was unable to demonstrate changes in the potential size of grains resulting from the loss of assimilates at anthesis. There was substantial compensation for the loss by translocation from other plant parts. *Part III, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 26: 11 (1975).

Lablab bean (Lablab purpureus) for grain and forage production in the Ord irrigation area

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (121) ◽  
pp. 162 ◽  
Author(s):  
IM Wood
Keyword(s):  
Sowing Date ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Forage Yields

Grain and forage production of six accessions (Rongai, Highworth, T58/ 13, CPI 3 1 1 13, CPI 41 222 and CPI 60 216) of lablab bean (Lablab purpureus) were measured over two seasons in the Ord Irrigation Area. All accessions were quantitative short day plants, flowering during the early dry season (May-July). Forage yields at flowering were generally unaffected by sowing date for sowings made between December and February, but declined with later sowings. There were marked differences between accessions in the forage yield at flowering, and the peak yield of 8.6 t/ha was obtained with a December sowing of accessions T58/ 13; this comprised 3.6 t/ha of leaf containing 3.7% nitrogen and 5.0 t/ha of stem containing 1.1 % nitrogen. The uptake of nitrogen by the tops between sowing and flowering ranged up to 1.8 kg/ha.d (1 94 kg N in 108 days) indicating the potential value of lablab as a green manure crop. Grain yields ranged from 0.27 to 3.05 t/ha over all sowing dates and accessions with the peak yield being obtained in a February sowing of cv. Highworth. All accessions became smaller and bushier as sowing was delayed. This facilitated harvesting for grain. Cutting and removal of foliage at the onset of flowering led to rapid regrowth and renewed flowering, and gave grain yields up to 90% of those obtained from undefoliated treatments. The cultivar Highworth was best for grain production and for dual purpose forage and grain production.

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