scholarly journals Features of diagnostics of the development of preschool children

2021 ◽  
pp. 259-264
Author(s):  
Наталья Николаевна Шельшакова
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
Level Of Thinking ◽  
The Individual

Если посмотреть с точки зрения вариативности, пластичности индивидуальных изменений под воздействием различных факторов и определить данное состояние как процесс жизнедеятельности, а не регресса или акселерации, то целью психолого-педагогической диагностики может быть выявление индивидуальных особенностях ребенка и ресурсов развития (вне зависимости от поставленных диагнозов). Так как поставив целью - уточнение диагноза или определение типа нарушения, основной акцент в диагностике делается на определении отрицательных особенностей развития, который «будто» характерны» при поставленном диагнозе ПМПК (например, низкий уровень развития мышления или памяти при ЗПР). При этом не учитывается следующие показатели: общефизиологическое состояние ребенка на момент обследования (наличие медицинской реабилитации), влияние разноплановых факторов развития, отсутствие точных показателей «нормы развития», сложность доказательства валидности и надежности тестовых процедур. Именно это приводит как к сложностям организации диагностики развития детей дошкольного возраста, так и к проблемам интерпретации результатов данной диагностики. В данной статье проведен сравнительный анализ подходов к диагностике развития у детей дошкольного возраста. Цель статьи состоит в анализе основных показателей диагностики развития у детей дошкольного возраста. If we look from the point of view of variability, plasticity of individual changes under the influence of various factors and define this condition as a process of vital activity, and not regression or acceleration, then the purpose of psychological and pedagogical diagnostics can be to identify the individual characteristics of the child and development resources (regardless of the diagnoses). Since the goal is to clarify the diagnosis or determine the type of violation, the main emphasis in the diagnosis is on determining the negative features of development that are" as if "characteristic" of the diagnosis of PMPK (for example, a low level of thinking or memory development in ZPR). The following indicators are not taken into account: the general physiological state of the child at the time of the examination (the presence of medical rehabilitation), the influence of diverse factors of development, the lack of accurate indicators of the "norm of development", the complexity of proving the validity and reliability of test procedures. This leads both to the difficulties of organizing diagnostics of the development of preschool children, and to the problems of interpreting the results of this diagnosis. This article presents a comparative analysis of approaches to the diagnosis of development in preschool children. The purpose of the article is to analyze the main indicators of the diagnosis of development in preschool children.

scholarly journals Speech recognition algorithm for natural language management systems under variety of accents

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 10015
Author(s):  
Irina Gurtueva ◽  
Olga Nagoeva ◽  
Inna Pshenokova
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Recognition Algorithm ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Language Management ◽  
Universal System ◽  
Sound Image ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
The Individual

This paper proposes a concept of a new approach to the development of speech recognition systems using multi-agent neurocognitive modeling. The fundamental foundations of these developments are based on the theory of cognitive psychology and neuroscience, and advances in computer science. The purpose of this work is the development of general theoretical principles of sound image recognition by an intelligent robot and, as the sequence, the development of a universal system of automatic speech recognition, resistant to speech variability, not only with respect to the individual characteristics of the speaker, but also with respect to the diversity of accents. Based on the analysis of experimental data obtained from behavioral studies, as well as theoretical model ideas about the mechanisms of speech recognition from the point of view of psycholinguistic knowledge, an algorithm resistant to variety of accents for machine learning with imitation of the formation of a person’s phonemic hearing has been developed.

scholarly journals Modern approaches to educating the creative personality of the new generation of specialists

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (I) ◽  
pp. 4-15
Author(s):  
Надія ГОЛІВЕР
Keyword(s):  
Personal Development ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
World Picture ◽  
The World ◽  
Creative Abilities ◽  
The Individual

The article is devoted to the problem of formation of creative abilities and cognitive interests of students. The main directions of development of the creative person according to the social needs of the present are considered. It is noted that creative activity becomes a form of knowledge of the material-objective world; identifies personality possibilities, new ways of one’s personal development. Therefore, the problem of developing the creative abilities of students in the course of educational and cognitive activity is of an exceptional relevance. The author believes that influencing the organization of creative activity is possible only under certain conditions, in particular: to conduct classes in an atmosphere of mutual understanding and co-creation, perceiving each student as a person; to give preference to the dialogical form of conducting classes, when students have an opportunity: to think independently, to make suggestions, to defend their own point of view, presenting their own arguments; it is advisable to create situations of choice at classes and to enable students to carry it out. The author notes that the observance of certain organizational and methodological conditions can significantly contribute to the development of creative potential of students, namely: the creative vision of the world through the systematic organization of work with students; development of creative values through the proper level of teacher's teaching skills; deepening the perception of the world picture through the integration of various types of students’ creativity, works of art and their figurative reproduction in their own creative activity; individual peculiarities of perception and emotional attitude through the use of the educational potential of the family, organization of creative activity. When performing creative tasks the individual characteristics of students to select the material of the appropriate level of complexity must be taken into account. The article examines the examples of students' creativity during the European Cultures Festival, debates and clubs on the basis of the Kryvyi Rih National University.

scholarly journals Pedagogical conditions of artistic and creative synesthesia of junior students at integrated music lessons

2017 ◽  
pp. 150-153
Author(s):  
O. K. Rakhmanova
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Musical Composition ◽  
Creative Potential ◽  
Artistic Activity ◽  
Music Lessons ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Differentiation ◽  
Junior Students

The methodological concept of “pedagogical conditions” is analysed and its essence is disclosed. Special attention is given to the modern interpretation of this concept and its meaning in modern science is examined in details. The article is dedicated to the revealing the pedagogical conditions that influence the process of development of junior students’ artistic and creative synesthesia. Careful attention is paid to the author’s point of view on the definition of the concept of “pedagogical conditions” as well as to the additions which should be included to the definition taking into account the modern tendency to technology and science development. These pedagogical conditions disclose specifics of the artistic and creative synesthesia and creative potential of junior pupils at the integrated music lessons, which contributes to their deliberate orientation in the system of art values. The author defines a complex of the pedagogical conditions that symbolically can be divided into three groups: 1) creating emotionally-creative environment that stimulates development of junior students’ artistic and creative synesthesia during the process of listening to musical composition; 2) dialogical interaction between the teacher and student in the process of junior students’ artistic activity; 3) implementation of the individual differentiation in the development of junior students’ artistic and creative synesthesia at the integrated music lessons, which considers individual characteristics of creative potential and creative abilities of junior students and setting the differentiated creative tasks in this way.

Statistical analysis of the dependence of the development level of patriotic feelings of adolescents on the structural components

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
Tatiana E. Manger ◽  
Yulia V. Vasilieva
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Patriotic Education ◽  
Moral Qualities ◽  
The Individual

We analyze the dependence of the development level of patriotic feelings in adolescents on the components that characterize the cognitive abilities, values and motivation, skills of adolescents. On the basis of the correlation-regression analysis, a high closeness of connections between the resulting feature (level of patriotism) and factors-components is revealed. The study presents methods that allow a comprehensive assessment from a quantitative and qualitative point of view, each component, to determine the individual characteristics and inclinations of an individual, its potential in the process of education and upbringing, social adaptation. In addition, it is substantiated that with an increase in the level of patriotism, the score of the components rises. The upbringing of patriotic feelings in adolescents is a complex process based on a holistic approach to the upbringing of a personality, its development, which includes the development of the highest moral qualities. Patriotic education at various stages of the development of society is conditioned by social and economic, political events that took place in a particular country. The basis in patriotic education is a person who has the appropriate knowledge, has the highest moral and spiritual and moral qualities. Thanks to the developed program of patriotic education “I am a patriot” in the institution of additional education, adolescents have significantly increased the level of patriotism.

scholarly journals A field analysis on the emergence of migrant entrepreneurs in Japan and their integration into the Japanese society

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2SI) ◽  
pp. 537-555
Author(s):  
Kaan Karayılmaz
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Change ◽  
Japanese Society ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Ethnic Populations ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ethnic Businesses

Demographic change implies more than the aging of the Japanese population and causes socioeconomic and spatial structural transformation processes. Against the backdrop of demographic change, the issue of integrating migrants into Japanese society is gaining in importance and is increasingly drawing attention to economic policy decisions. The growth of new ethnic populations in Japan since 2000 has made ethnic businesses a matter of importance. The self-employed migrants in Japan includes very heterogeneous social situations. There are among those both low earners in precarious sectors as well as good earners in knowledge-intensive businesses. The different nationality of the interviewees in the analysis is justified by the fact that the process of self-employment is explained not only by the individual characteristics of entrepreneurs, but also by the social structures and cultural background of Japanese society and thus the independence from today's point of view. The public opinion on the migrants or migration to Japan and the opinion of migrants about Japanese society is the subject of the study, which explores migrant, Japanese and immigrant perspectives on migration, integration and self-employment.

scholarly journals Lifestyle choices of Brazilian college students

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9830
Author(s):  
Bianca G. Martins ◽  
João Marôco ◽  
Mauro V.G. Barros ◽  
Juliana A.D.B. Campos
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Lifestyle Choices ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Background Lifestyle choices reflect the beliefs that individuals attribute to aspects of life. This construct can be assessed with the Individual Lifestyle Profile (PEVI) questionnaire, which measures elements of Nutrition, Physical Activity, Preventive Behaviors, Social Relationships and Stress Management. Objective The objective of this study was to estimate the psychometric properties of the PEVI applied to a sample of Brazilian university students, identifying the prevalence of each lifestyle component according to participants’ age, sex, weight status, course area/field and economic stratum and to estimate the contribution of these characteristics on physical and psychological lifestyle. Methods The PEVI data was analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis, using the indexes chi-square per degrees of freedom ratio (χ2/df), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA). First-order and second-order models (physical and psychological lifestyle) were tested. Prevalences of lifestyle components were calculated and compared by participants’ age, sex, weight status, course area/field and economic stratum. A hypothetical causal structural model was elaborated to investigate the impact of sample characteristics on physical and psychological lifestyles. This model was evaluated considering the global fit to the data (χ2/df, CFI, TLI and RMSEA) and the hypothetical causal trajectories (β) (α = 5%). Results A sample of 1,303 students was used. The mean age was 20.9 (standard deviation = 2.8) years, 66.8% of participants were females, 63.4% had weights in the normal range and 73.7% were students of the social and exact sciences. The PEVI data showed an adequate fit for both the first- (χ2/df = 2.03, CFI = 0.98; TLI = 0.97; RMSEA = 0.04) and second-order (χ2/df = 2.25; CFI = 0.97; TLI = 0.97; RMSEA = 0.04) models. There was a higher prevalence of unfavorable physical and psychological lifestyle choices among females, among underweight and obese individuals, in older students and in those with lower economic strata. Moreover, negative behaviors in physical lifestyle were more prevalent in students from human/social/exact sciences and worse psychological lifestyle was observed among health sciences students. These results were confirmed by a structural model. Conclusion The PEVI data presented validity and reliability. Negative lifestyle choices had high prevalence among students. Moreover, individual characteristics had different impact on physical and psychological lifestyle choices.

Taking into Account the Individual Characteristics of Those Entering Primary School

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
Valentina S. Gappoeva ◽  
Zinaida G. Khabaeva ◽  
Tatiana A. Bekoeva
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Readiness ◽  
Psychosocial Development ◽  
Cognitive Learning ◽  
Conditional Reflex ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Learning Performance ◽  
The North ◽  
The Individual

School readiness is one of the key components that ensure the success of education. The factors determining a child’s readiness for school include parameters reflecting indicators of physical, psychosocial and psychophysiological development. Morpho-functional immaturity of brain systems that provide the possibility of mental and motor activity, perception and processing of information causes various difficulties in learning. There are various methodological approaches that determine the level of readiness of children for systematic schooling. In the work, Kern-Irasek tests for visual activity (drawing on a given topic), logical and categorical thinking were used to assess readiness for school, an analysis of general awareness and the degree of psychosocial maturity was carried out. The work was carried out on students of the 1st grade of a small rural school and a kindergarten preparatory group. Among the 1st grade students at the end of the 2nd quarter, only girls were prepared for school according to all the analyzed indicators. There were no “immature” children among them, whereas for boys the figure was more than 60%. Overall, the number of “immature children” in the whole class was 33.3%. It is significant that the children belonging to the “immature” group were, as a rule, from large families, where they were not given due attention. Among the children of the kindergarten preparatory group, a larger percentage of those belonging to the category of “mature” and “middle-aged” (90%) were identified. At the same time, the test results again revealed the best results among girls. The data obtained should be considered as evidence of earlier psychofunctional development of girls in relation to boys, which is manifested in their more conscious attitude to learning, better abilities to implement conditional reflex activity, cognitive learning, performance indicators in the first years of training. The high percentage of “immature” children among 1st grade students emphasizes the need for mandatory testing of preschool children and the creation of optimal conditions for their physiological and psychosocial development. Keywords: school maturity, preschool children, psychophysiological factors, school readiness. For citation: Gappoeva V.S., Habaeva Z.G. Taking into Account the Individual Characteristics of Those Entering Primary School // Bulletin of the North Ossetian State University named after K.L. Khetagurov. 2021; 4. DOI: 10.29025/1994-7720-2021-4-103-111 (In Russ.).

scholarly journals Evaluation of Omani Families’ Attention to their Children to Face the Globalization According to Islamic Values from the Point of View of Parents

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 355
Author(s):  
Sulaiman S. Al-Ghattami ◽  
Raya S. Al-Mandhari
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Religious Aspects ◽  
Islamic Values

The present study aimed to evaluate the level ofOmanifamilies’ attention to the preparation of their children to face globalization according toIslamic values. To achieve theobjective of the study,a questionnaire was preparedfor theparents toevaluatethe level offollow upand supervision of their childrenin many areas.Then,the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were ascertained and then the questionnaire was distributedto200 ofparents.After analyzing the data, the findings showed that the attention to religious aspects came at the first level, and the concernfor enhancing social relationships with children was the last level. Additionally, the attention ofmothersin this regard was muchmore thanfathers. Based on theresults of the study, a number ofrecommendations were proposed. These included the need to analyze textbooks in the Sultanate to identify and highlight these values. Additionally, the study recommended that these values be stressed and utilized in order to guidethe mass mediafor serving the individual and the society. 

scholarly journals The Use of Symbolic Means for Solving Cognitive Tasks in Older Preschoolers

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
E.A. Tsybulskaya
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
The Past ◽  
Preschool Age Children ◽  
The Individual

We present the results of a replication of the study carried out under the supervision of O.M. Dyachenko in 1995-1997, aimed at studying the individual characteristics of the cognitive development of preschool children. The aim of the presented study was to determine the characteristics of modern symbolic means for solving cognitive tasks use in preschool children. The relevance of replication is due to the importance of the study of the formation and development of various forms of mediation in the preschool age in general and the specific symbolic means in particular, as symbolic means being paired with meanings, are of particular importance in the regulation of human behavior. The study involved 40 students of the Moscow kindergarten at the age of 5 to 6 years. It was shown that the senior preschool age children successfully use symbolic means when performing productive tasks and the performance in cognitive tasks solving using symbolic means in older preschoolers has not changed over the past 20 years.

scholarly journals Metabolomics, Microbiota, and In Vivo and In Vitro Biomarkers in Type 2 Severe Asthma: A Perspective Review

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 647
Author(s):  
Cristiano Caruso ◽  
Stefania Colantuono ◽  
Alberto Nicoletti ◽  
Stefania Arasi ◽  
Davide Firinu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Severe Asthma ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Individual

Precision medicine refers to the tailoring of therapeutic strategies to the individual characteristics of each patient; thus, it could be a new approach for the management of severe asthma that considers individual variability in genes, environmental exposure, and lifestyle. Precision medicine would also assist physicians in choosing the right treatment, the best timing of administration, consequently trying to maximize drug efficacy, and, possibly, reducing adverse events. Metabolomics is the systematic study of low molecular weight (bio)chemicals in a given biological system and offers a powerful approach to biomarker discovery and elucidating disease mechanisms. In this point of view, metabolomics could play a key role in targeting precision medicine.

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