EFFECTIVENESS OF THE MEMBRANE USE TECHNOLOGIES FOR PURIFICATION AND CONCENTRATION OF PECTIN EXTRACTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
И.А. ИЛЬИНА ◽  
И.А. МАЧНЕВА ◽  
А.П. ЧЕРНУЦКИЙ
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Apple Pectin ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Membrane Pores ◽  
Polyamide Membrane ◽  
Solids Content

Для оценки эффективности применения мембранных технологий очистки и концентрирования пектиновых экстрактов исследован процесс микро-, ультра- и нанофильтрации пектиновых экстрактов различной природы. Исследования проводили на стендовой установке для одинарных фильтрующих элементов с использованием керамических мембранных элементов ПС-100М для микрофильтрации, полисульфонамидной мембраны УПМ-20 для ультрафильтрации и полиамидной мембраны ОПМН-П для нанофильтрации. Объектами исследований были пектиновые экстракты, полученные из яблочного и свекловичного сырья методом гидролиза-экстрагирования в кислой среде. Установлено, что одноэтапное концентрирование на керамических трубчатых или половолоконных мембранах не позволяет достичь желаемой степени концентрирования. Поскольку пектиновые вещества представляют собой высокомолекулярные кислые полисахариды с молекулярной массой более 20 кДа и при концентрировании кинематическая вязкость их растворов резко возрастает, экранируя поры мембран, исследована возможность двухэтапной очистки и концентрирования пектиновых экстрактов методом микро- и ультрафильтрации. Установлена высокая производительность процесса микрофильтрации для яблочного и свекловичного пектиновых экстрактов в первые 30 мин. Отмечено, что производительность керамических мембран при микрофильтрации яблочного экстракта в 2,5 раза выше, чем свекловичного, при ультрафильтрационном концентрировании с отсечкой по молекулярной массе 50 кДа – в 2,9 раз. Установлено, что для яблочных пектиновых экстрактов применение на стадии ультрафильтрации полисульфонамидной мембраны УПМ-20 неэффективно вследствие более высокой молекулярной массы яблочного пектина по сравнению со свекловичным. Требуется дополнительная третья стадия – нанофильтрация, обеспечивающая концентрирование пектинового экстракта из яблочных выжимок до содержания сухих веществ 4%. For evaluate the efficiency of membrane technologies for purification and concentration of pectin extracts, the process of micro-, ultra- and nanofiltration of pectin extracts of various nature has been studied. The research were carried out on a stand instrument for single filter elements with use of ceramic membrane elements PS-100M for microfiltration, polysulfonamide membrane UPM-20 for ultrafiltration and polyamide membrane OPMN-P for nanofiltration. The objects of research were pectin extracts obtained from apple and sugar beet raw materials by hydrolysis-extraction in an acid medium. It has been found that one-step concentration on ceramic tubular or hollow fiber membranes does not allow to achieve of the desired degree of concentration. Due to the fact that pectin substances are the high molecular acidic polysaccharides with a molecular mass of more than 20 kDa, and when concentrating, the kinematic viscosity of their solutions increases sharply, screening the membrane pores, the possibility of two-stage purification and concentration of pectin extracts by the micro and ultrafiltration method is studied. The high productivity of the microfiltration process for apple and sugar beet pectin extracts was established in the first 30 min. It was noted that the productivity of ceramic membranes in the process of microfiltration of apple extract is 2,5 times higher than that of sugar beet, and with ultrafiltration concentrating mass molecular weight cutoff of 50 kDa – by 2,9 times. It has been found that for apple pectin extracts the use of the UPM-20 polysulfonamide membrane in the ultrafiltration stage is not effective due to higher molecular mass of apple pectin compared to beet pectin. An additional third stage – nanofiltration is required, which provides the concentration of the pectin extract from the apple material to a solids content of 4%.

Study of the Influence of Granite Residue in Different Compositions to Prepare Ceramic Membranes

2014 ◽  
Vol 798-799 ◽  
pp. 542-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Carmo Oliveira Lima ◽  
H.L. Lira ◽  
G.A. Neves ◽  
M.C. Silva ◽  
K.B. França
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ceramic Body ◽  
Mercury Porosimetry ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Flux Measurements ◽  
Dark Color ◽  
Scanning Electron

The exploitation and processing of granite is responsible for generating large quantities of residue, mainly in the sawing step where is producing a dark color mud that is generally discharged directly in the environment without any treatment. The use of granite residue in the production of red ceramic has been widely studied and has shown promising results. The aim of this work is to verify the incorporation of granite residue in the preparation of tubular ceramic membrane in substitution of quartz. In this research it was done the characterization of the raw materials, the membrane preparation with different amount of granite residue and characterization of the membranes by scanning electron microscopy, mercury porosimetry and tangential flux measurements. The results showed that the changing in 10% of granite residue amount in the ceramic body was enough to change the morphological characteristics of the membranes.

Membrane Modification of Ceramic Membrane and its Application in Separation of Waste o/w Emulsion

2015 ◽  
Vol 1118 ◽  
pp. 190-194
Author(s):  
Jian Er Zhou ◽  
Qi Bing Chang ◽  
Yong Qing Wang ◽  
Xiao Zhen Zhang ◽  
Jian Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Oxide Coating ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Separation Function ◽  
Membrane Modification ◽  
Hydrolysis Method ◽  
Membrane Pores ◽  
Membrane Performance

Membrane modification is an important technology to improve the membrane performance. Ceramic membranes modified with nanometal oxide coating are prepared by homogeneous precipitation or in-situ hydrolysis method. TEM images show that the nanocoating distributes in the surface of the membrane pores. The nanocoating has no the separation function but just changes the surface characters of ceramic membrane. The permeate flux of the modified membrane increase above 20% than the unmodified membrane while treating the stable o/w emulsion with the concentration of 4g/L.

Characteristics of ozone decomposition inside ceramic membrane pores as nano-reactors

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. J. Fan ◽  
X. H. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Water Clusters ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Radical Mechanism ◽  
Ozone Decomposition ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Membrane Pores ◽  
Reaction Processes

The characteristics of ozone decomposition inside the nano-pores of ceramic membranes were identified according to nano-reactor configuration. Three types of ceramic membranes with a pore size of 50 nm were tested with compositions of Al2O3, MnO2/Al2O3 (4%) and CeO2/Al2O3 (4%) respectively. The results showed that the specific decomposition rate of ozone inside membrane pores was 428 times higher than that in pure water outside the pores. The influences of pH values or H2O2 dosages on ozone decomposition in bulk water can be explained on the basis of chain reactions or hydroxyl-radical mechanism; however, these did not work for the behaviours inside the nano-pores of membranes. The extents of the influences of NO3−, SO42− and Ca2+ were even opposite inside to outside the nano-pores of membranes. A unique configuration of nano-reactors within the ceramic membranes tested was proposed based on zeta potentials and water molecule-clusters. Inner charge layer and highly ordered water clusters might play critical roles for the reaction processes inside the nano-reactors.

Mutual Influence Study of Food Acids and Polysaccharides of Different Nature on the Sensory Perception of Low-Calorie Sweet Dishes

Food Industry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Minnikhanova ◽  
Nataliya Zavorokhina ◽  
Anna Gilina
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Apple Pectin ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Functional Reserves ◽  
Materials Used

Abstract The inclusion of polysaccharide thickeners in the recipes of sweet dishes increases the functional reserves of the body, contributes to the preservation of health and the prevention of diseases. The purpose of the research is to study the sensory characteristics of polysaccharides of various nature when combined with food acids, to develop a recipe for a basic mixture of low-calorie meals for public catering. The authors analyzed citric, lactic and succinic acids in combinations with polysaccharides of various nature. Organoleptic tests were evaluated by a touch panel. The organization of the tasting analysis corresponded to GOST ISO 6658-2016; the consistency was determined according to GOST 31986-2012, GOST ISO 11036-2017, GOST ISO 8588-2011. The optimal organoleptic combinations of the presented food acids and complex additives of sweeteners (CDP) were identified, which included aspartame, sodium saccharinate, Sucralose, sweetness coefficient – 340: the mixture with citric acid had a long pleasant aftertaste without foreign tastes and the best taste characteristics. Using the “A-not A” method, we found that the sample with the addition of CDP is identical to the sucrose solution. In the second part of the study, polysaccharides were added to model samples of acids with complex sweeteners; the best sensory characteristics were obtained by model samples consisting of a mixture of low-esterified Apple pectin with lactic acid and KDP. The technology of obtaining a stable elastic jelly using low-esterified Apple pectin has been developed, since the complex mixture of sweeteners and food acids does not have a dehydrating effect. Developed a dry mix recipe that can serve as a basic development, low-calorie sweet products for catering and has a variance of use of lactic and succinic acids, depending on the flavor characteristics of the raw materials used and its corrective ability.

scholarly journals Fabrication of ceramic membrane from local raw materials for treatment different wastes

2021 ◽  
Vol 646 (1) ◽  
pp. 012053
Author(s):  
Aimi Ilyani Muhamad ◽  
Fatin Farhanah Zulkipli ◽  
Amri Hj Mohamed ◽  
Nabihah Abdullah ◽  
Ahmed H A Dabwan
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Raw Materials

Mass Transfer in Tubular Ceramic Membranes for Polluted Water Treatment - Numerical Simulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 16-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Saraiva de Souza ◽  
S. José dos Santos Filho ◽  
Severino Rodrigues de Farias Neto ◽  
A.G. Barbosa de Lima ◽  
H.A. Luma Fernandes Magalhães
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Water Separation

Innovative technologies are needed to attend the increasingly strict requirements for produced water treatment, since most of the separation processes are limited to particles larger than 10 μm. Separation processes using ceramic membranes are attracting great interest from academic and industrial community. Nevertheless, few studies, especially numerical, regarding the inorganic membrane’s application for the polluted water separation have been reported. In the present work, therefore, a study of fluid-flow dynamics for a laminar regime in porous tubes (tubular porous ceramic membrane) has been performed. The mass, momentum and mass transport conservation equations were solved with the aid of a structured mesh using ANSYS CFX commercial package. The velocity of local permeation was determined using the resistance in series model. The specific resistance of the polarized layer was obtained by Carman-Kozeny equation. The numerical results were evaluated and compared with the results available in the literature, where by a good agreement with each other was found. The numerical results, obtained by the proposed shell and tubular membrane separation module, indicate that there is facilitation of mass transfer and hence a reduction in the thickness of the polarized boundary layer occurs.

scholarly journals Influence of organic acids and organochlorinated insecticides on metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2005 ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusanka Pejin ◽  
Vesna Vasic
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Adaptive Mechanism ◽  
Ribonucleic Acids

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is exposed to different stress factors during the production: osmotic, temperature, oxidative. The response to these stresses is the adaptive mechanism of cells. The raw materials Saccharomyces cerevisiae is produced from, contain metabolism products of present microorganisms and protective agents used during the growth of sugar beet for example the influence of acetic and butyric acid and organochlorinated insecticides, lindan and heptachlor, on the metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated and presented in this work. The mentioned compounds affect negatively the specific growth rate, yield, content of proteins, phosphorus, total ribonucleic acids. These compounds influence the increase of trechalose and glycogen content in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells.

scholarly journals Enhanced Performance of Fly Ash-Based Supports for Low-Cost Ceramic Membranes with the Addition of Bauxite

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 711
Author(s):  
Wan Fan ◽  
Dong Zou ◽  
Jingrui Xu ◽  
Xianfu Chen ◽  
Minghui Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Mullite Phase ◽  
Optimum Balance

Support is a necessary foundation for ceramic membranes to achieve high performance. Finding the optimum balance between high performance and low cost is still a significant challenge in the fabrication of ceramic supports. In this study, low-cost fly ash-based ceramic supports with enhanced performance were prepared by the addition of bauxite. The pore structure, mechanical strength, and shrinkage of fly ash/bauxite supports could be tuned by optimizing the bauxite content and sintering temperature. When the sintering temperature and bauxite content were controlled at 1300 °C and 40 wt%, respectively, the obtained membrane supports exhibited a high pure water permeance of approximately 5.36 m3·m−2·h−1·bar−1 and a high bending strength of approximately 69.6 MPa. At the same time, the optimized ceramic supports presented a typical mullite phase and excellent resistance to acid and alkali. This work provides a potential route for the preparation of ceramic membrane supports with characteristics of low cost and high performance.

scholarly journals ПРОДУКТИВНІСТЬ ПРОБНИХ ГІБРИДІВ БУРЯКІВ ЦУКРОВИХ, СТВОРЕНИХ НА ОСНОВІ ПОЛІПШЕНОЇ СТЕРИЛЬНОЇ ФОРМИ ТА БАГАТОРОСТКОВИХ ЗАПИЛЮВАЧІВ РІЗНОГО ПОХОДЖЕННЯ

2012 ◽  
pp. 17-19
Author(s):  
Ф. М. Парій ◽  
М. П. Андрощук ◽  
С. Г. Труш
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Important Direction ◽  
Productivity Indices ◽  
New Generation

Вивчення батьківських компонентів є важливимнапрямом досліджень. Використання в якості ма-теринської форми лінії ЧС 94 дозволяє створюва-ти гетерозисні гібриди з високим рівнем продук-тивності. Авторами вивчено вплив поліпшеної закомплексом селекційно-генетичних ознак стериль-ної лінії на прояв господарськи цінних ознак устворених гібридів цукрових буряків. Проведеновипробування отриманих гібридів та оціненопоказники їх продуктивності. Лінію ЧС 94рекомендовано залучати до селекційного процесу зформування високопродуктивних гібридів буряківцукрових нового покоління. Studying of parent components is an important direction for research. Using МС 94 line as a mother form makes it possible to create geterosis hybrids with high productivity. The authors investigated the influence of the improved in the complex of selection-genetic features sterile line as to their commercially valuablecharacteristics in the process of creating sugar beet hybrids. Testing of the received hybrids was conducted and their productivity indices were evaluated. MС 94 line is recommended to be involved in the selection process for the formation of highly productive sugar beet hybrids of new generation.

An Environmentally Integrated Manufacturing Analysis Combined with Waste Management in a Car Battery Manufacturing Plant

2011 ◽  
pp. 436-461
Author(s):  
Suat Kasap ◽  
Sibel Uludag Demirer ◽  
Sedef Ergün
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Manufacturing System ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Hazardous Wastes ◽  
Manufacturing Plant ◽  
Integrated Manufacturing ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter presents an environmentally integrated manufacturing system analysis for companies looking for the benefits of environmental management in achieving high productivity levels. When the relationship between environmental costs and manufacturing decisions is examined, it can be seen that the productivity of the company can be increased by using an environmentally integrated manufacturing system analysis methodology. Therefore, such a methodology is presented and the roadmap for generating environmentally friendly and economically favorable alternative waste management solutions is elaborated. The methodology combines data collection, operational analysis of the manufacturing processes, identification of wastes, and evaluation of waste reduction alternatives. The presented methodology is examined in a car battery manufacturing plant, which generates hazardous wastes composed of lead. It is aimed to decrease the wastes derived from the production so that the efficiency in raw materials usage is increased and the need for recycling the hazardous wastes is decreased.

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