scholarly journals The Analyses of Albanian Budget Expenditure

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Dorjana Nano ◽  
Eduina Guga
Keyword(s):  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Public Output ◽  
Access Data ◽  
Budget Expenditure

Public expenditure efficiency has been an issue of concern for many researchers. Studies have shown that public budget of the developed and developing economies is not optimally allocated and managed. Anyway, discrepancies are found between both economies. This paper aims to investigate and critical analyze the allocation of public expenditure in the Republic of Albania. In addition, it provides some relevant comparison of the performance indicators among Albania, regional countries and OECD states. Data provided by the Ministry of Finance and Open Access Data are evaluated by considering the functional classification of the budget expenditure. Results of this study suggest that Albania spends more on social protection and social security, and less on education and health compared with the average of the EU countries and OECD countries. In addition, inefficiency of the public sector is discovered. This research recommends the necessity in the improvement of input allocation by using 70 percent less resources to achieve the same amount of public output and consequently contributing positively on fiscal consolidation.

Political Cycles, Political Institutions and Public Expenditure in India, 1980–2000

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Sáez ◽  
Aseema Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Party Competition ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Election Timing ◽  
Western Democracies

In Western democracies it is held that parties and their positions affect how politicians choose to make public expenditure and investment. This article examines the public policy choices of politicians in India, a large well-established democracy with remarkable subnational variation. Public expenditure, from education and health to agriculture and irrigation, is analysed. Counterintuitive findings – that election timing and political factors play a strong role in the subnational states, and that party competition increases investment in education – are explained by highlighting the role economic and political uncertainty plays in politicians’ choices. Building a ‘Polanyi’ argument enhanced by a supply-side mechanism highlights the importance of compensation and insurance and the imperatives of political stability for subnational politicians, who attempt to maximize re-election chances in an uncertain environment.

scholarly journals O novo regime fiscal e o direito fundamental à saúde: violação da progressividade e da proibição de retrocesso

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-216
Author(s):  
Hector Cury Soares
Keyword(s):  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Right To Health ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Public Budget ◽  
The Public ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right

Resumo: Nesta pesquisa se analisa a violação da progressividade e da proibição de retrocesso em matéria de direito à saúde em face ao “Novo Regime Fiscal”, instituído pela Emenda à Constituição n. 95/2016. Para tanto, expõe-se que os direitos fundamentais sociais geram custos, assim, impactam no Orçamento Público, considera-se que a mudança do indexador dos gastos públicos em saúde gerará um impacto negativo no Orçamento e, por fim, demonstra-se que o “Novo Regime Fiscal” impõe uma situação normativa mais prejudicial à efetivação do direito à saúde, com base na doutrina e dogmática constitucional. Utiliza-se uma abordagem metodológica descritiva, coletando as informações e os principais conceitos utilizados por meio de revisão bibliográfica, pesquisa documental e análise de jurisprudência. Ao final pondera-se que o art. 110, II do Ato das Disposições Constitucionais Transitórias (ADCT), do Novo Regime Fiscal, viola a Constituição da República no que concerne à progressividade do direito à saúde.Palavras-chave: Novo Regime Fiscal. Progressividade. Proibição de retrocesso. Direito à saúde. Abstract: This research analyzes the violation of the progressiveness and prohibition of social regression in the right to health in relation to the "New Tax Regime", established by the amendment n. 95/2016. To this end, it proves that the fundamental social rights generate costs thus impacting on the public budget, it shows that changing the indexer of the public expenditure on health will generate a negative impact on the budget and, finally, it demonstrates that the “New Tax Regime” imposes a regulatory situation more detrimental to the implementation of the right to health, on the basis of constitutional doctrine and dogmatics. It uses a descriptive methodological approach, collecting the information and key concepts used by means of bibliographical revision, documentary research and analysis of jurisprudence. At the end it demonstrates that the article 110, II of the Transitional Constitutional Provisions Act (ADCT), created by the New Tax Regime, violates the Constitution of the Republic regarding the progressivity of the right to health.Keywords: New Tax Regime. Progressiveness. Prohibition of social regression. Right to health.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Efficiency in Selected Areas of Public Services in European Union Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Halaskova ◽  
Renata Halaskova ◽  
Viktor Prokop
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
The Public ◽  
Eu Countries

Over the past 40 years, the service sector has become the dominant area of market economies. The public sector and services financed from public financing represent a specific group within the services sector. This paper aims to evaluate the efficiency of EU countries and find the extent to which the volume of public services (and the respective financial allocations) can have an impact on selected economic indicators. To this end, the efficiency of public expenditure in five areas of public services (general public services; health; education; social protection; and recreation, culture, and religion) in 2009 and 2016 was evaluated in relation to selected economic indicators (GDP per capita and employment in services). In addition, the efficiency of public expenditure in EU countries was evaluated in relation to the size of the public sector and traditions of public administration. For cross-country analyses within the 27 European countries, data envelopment analysis and the input-oriented variable returns to scale (VRS) model were applied. The results demonstrated that in 2009, 13 out of 27 countries were efficient as opposed to 2016, where only seven countries were efficient. In countries with bigger size of public sector, the efficiency of public expenditure on services was not established. However, there was a similarity in the efficiency of public expenditure on services between groups of EU countries regarding the tradition of public administration.

scholarly journals Medico-legal expertise on bodies and bioethics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petru Ostrovari ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Forensic Expertise ◽  
Legal Questions ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Legal Expertise

Thanatology is a complex science with roots in philosophy, medicine, and psychology. In forensic thanatology is studied the process of death in suspicious conditions, changes that occur in the human body after death, the causes and nature of death. Medico-legal expertise on bodies applies the thanatological results to answer legal questions based on data obtained from the examination of corpses and "traces" left alive. One of the main problems is bioethics - the science that determines the limits of forensic expertise. The purpose of this article is to sensitize the public opinion on the issue of medico-legal thanatology and the connection with bioethics by identifying conceptual and methodological landmarks to promote the importance of studying forensic thanatology in the Republic of Moldova. The article describes the specifics of the forensic problems of the terminal states, the connection between thanatology and the attitude towards euthanasia; forensic classification of the type and causes of death; the specifics of the forensic examination of corpses; the importance of additional laboratory research; the rights and obligations of the person in the terminal stage. In conclusion, the importance of studying thanatology in universities is emphasized.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE LITHUANIAN PUBLIC EXPENDITURE SCALE AND STRUCTURE

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juozas Bivainis
Keyword(s):  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
New Members ◽  
The Public ◽  
National Budget ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Made In

Since the restoration of independence (1990) significant changes were made in all aspects of Lithuania's economy. The achievements of the country in the area of economic development are obvious ‐ the essential preconditions for faster economic growth and approaching to the social‐economical life standards of advanced countries were created during a transition period. The exceptional role between different factors of social‐economical development of the country is ascribed to public finance. The statistics shows persuasive common world tendency of public expenditure growth. It can be explained in relation to historical changes of the sense, role and principles of management. The comparison of 1995–2001 year indicators, describing the public expenditure of Lithuania with the other countries including four new residents of the EU (Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Poland), five old ones (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Germany, United Kingdom) and two representatives of CIS (Belorus and Rusia) is resulted by certain main conclusions. The Republic of Lithuania occupies one from below place in a diminution row between twelve countries which were selected for the investigation. It is a characteristic feature of the last investigated year (2001) as well as an average of three investigated years (1995, 1998, 2001). The structure of public expenditure on function section of our country is similar to one of other new members of the EU, Lithuania made steps during 1995–2001 towards the structure of public expenditure on function and economic classifications the countries ‐ old residents. The relative changes of Lithuanian public expenditure in function section were the largest between all the investigated countries, while the change of total public expenditure (% of GDP) was the smallest. The disclosed comparative estimates of public expenditure on these scale and structure and its tendencies can be used as a reference point for creating the fiscal policy, improving public sector management and implementation of national budget reforms. These estimates may also serve as arguments for tax reforms what is a topical issue for the present time.

On Mechanisms of Realization of the Public Procurement of Construction Works (The Case of Road Const ruction)

2003 ◽  
pp. 68-80
Author(s):  
A. Dementiev ◽  
A. Zolotareva ◽  
A. Reus
Keyword(s):  
Public Procurement ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
International Experience ◽  
The Public ◽  
Government Purchases ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Construction Works ◽  
Budget Expenditure

The most important measures stimulating the increase of efficiency and effectiveness of budget expenditures on road construction are the improvement of pricing mechanisms and increasing efficiency of the procedures of government purchases of goods, works and services. The paper includes the analysis of main problems that arise in the process of government purchases and construction pricing with the reference to budget expenditure on road construction. It includes the review and analysis of international experience and possible measures of increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of government purchases and (road) construction pricing in Russia.

Implementation of the Child Identity Card Policy in Bandung Regency

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodlial Ramdhan Tackbir Abubakar
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Research Method ◽  
The Public ◽  
Implementation Model ◽  
Edward Iii ◽  
Identity Card ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Identity Cards

Previously, Indonesia only issued Identity Cards for citizens who had reached the age of 17 years. However, after the presence of a new policy from the Interior Ministry of the Republic of Indonesia contained in the Republic of Indonesia Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 2 concerning Child Identity Cards, now Indonesian citizens who are less than 17 years old can have an identity card in the form of a Child Identity Card. The main problem in this research are the limitations of blanks and need additional personnel to improve services, especially in the context of issuing child Identity Cards. Besides, the realization of the issuance of child identity cards still far from the target and socialization to the public has not been conveyed in its entirety.. This study aims to examine how the implementation of Child Identity card in Bandung Regency. The research method used is qualitative with descriptive approach. This research is presented by using a narrative that discusses the implementation of child identity card policies in Bandung Regency. The focus of this research emphasizes the implementation model of Edward III covering communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. The result of the research shows that implementation of Child Identity card in Bandung Regency has run optimally.Keywords : Public Policy; Policy Implementation; Identity CardAfandi, Warjio.2015. Implementasi Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Asahan Nomor 11 Tahun 2011 tentang Pajak Daerah dalam Pencapaian Target Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan Perdesaan dan Perkotaan. Jurnal Administrasi Publik.Vol. 6, Nomor 2Afrizal. 2017. Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Pembuatan Kartu Identitas Anak di Kota Bandar Lampung. Universitas LampungAryanti. 2014. Implementasi Kebijakan Kependudukan Di Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi (Studi Kasus Pengurusan Akta Kelahiran Tahun 2012). Jurnal Online Mahasiswa FISIP. Vol. 1, Nomor 2, Halaman 2.Dwitamara. 2013. Pengaturan dan Implementasi Mengenai Hak Anak. Jurnal Hukum. Vol.18, Nomor 2, Halaman 1.Edwards III. 1980. Implementing Publik Policy. Congresinal. Quartely pressErdani, Indarja, Harjanto. 2017. Pelaksanaan Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 2 Tahun 2016 Tentang Kartu Identitas Anak di Kota Semarang. Diponegoro Law Journal. Vol.6, Nomor 2, Halaman 2.  Hafrida. 2016. Perlindungan Hukum Anak. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Ragam Jurnal. Vol. 7 Nomor 2, Halaman 1Monica, Noak, Winaya. 2015. Implementasi Kebijakan Kartu Tanda Penduduk Elektronik (E-Ktp) Studi Kasus di Kecamatan Denpasar Utara Provinsi Bali. Citizen charter journal. Vol.1 Nomor 2, Halaman 3.Muh. 2018. Respon Orang Tua Terhadap Kartu Identitas Anak. Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga YogyakartaMustafa, Syahbandir. 2016. Penggunaan Diskresi oleh Pejabat Pemerintah untuk Kelancaran Penyelenggaraanpemerintahan Daerah. Jurnal Magister Ilmu Hukum, 4(2)Nugroho. 2009. Public Policy : Dinamika kebijakan, Analisis Kebijakan, Manajemen Kebijakan. Jakarta. GramediaPradika. 2018. Implementasi Kebijakan Kartu Identitas Anak (Kia) di Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil Kota Yogyakarta. Sekolah Tinggi Pembangunan Masyarakat Desa YogyakartaRahmawati. 2018. Efektivitas Pelaksanaan Program Kartu Identitas Anak (KIA) Di Dinas Kependudukan dan Catatan Sipil Kota Cilegon 2017. Universitas Sultan Ageng TirtayasaRamdhani, Ramdhani. 2017. Konsep Umum Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Publik. Jurnal Publik. Vol 11, Nomor 1, Halaman 10Subarsono. 2005. Analisis Kebijakan Publik. Yogyakarta. Pustaka pelajarSubarsono. 2013. Analisis Kebijakan Publik. Yogyakarta. Pustaka pelajarSudrajat. 2011. Perlindungan Hukum Anak Sebagai Hak Asasi Manusia. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum. Vol. 13, Nomor 2, Halaman 1 Suryono. 2014. Kebijakan Publik untuk Kesejahteraan Rakyat. Jurnal Ilmu Ilmiah. Vol.6, Nomor 2, Halaman 98Tangkilisan. 2003.Implementasi kebijakan publik : transformasi pikiran George Edward. Yogyakarta. Lukman Offset dan yayasan pembaruan administrasi publik indonesia.Wahab.2010. Pengantar Analisis Implementasi Kebijakan Negara. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.Wardhani, Hasiolan, Minarsih. 2016. Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja, Komunikasi, dan Kepemimpinan Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai. Journal of Management.Vol.2, Nomor 2Widodo. 2011. Analisis Kebijakan Publik: Konsep dan Aplikasi Analisis Proses Kebijakan Publik. Malang. Bayu MediaWinarno. 2007. Teori dan Proses Kebijakan Publik. Yogyakarta. Media PressindoWiranata. 2013.Perlindungan Hukum Anak. Jurnal Hukum Unsrat  Vol.1, Nomor 3, Halaman 5. Peraturan Perundang-undanganUndang-undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2013 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 23 Tahun 2006 tentang Administrasi KependudukanPeraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Republik Indonesia nomor 2 Tahun 2016 tentang Kartu Identitas Anak.

STRATEGY OF LIBERALIZATION AND PROBLEMS OF STATE REGULATION OF AZERBAIJAN ECONOMY

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-151
Author(s):  
G. Z. Yuzbashieva ◽  
A. M. Mustafayev ◽  
R. A. Imanov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Sectoral Development ◽  
Market Relations

The indicators that determine the change in the macroeconomic situation in the economy of Azerbaijan in 2010–2017, as well as the conditions for increasing the effectiveness of state intervention in solving economic problems are analyzed. It is noted that it is not the size of the public sector that becomes important, but its qualitative component (management and redistribution of resources and revenues, coordination of government intervention in economic relations). The main reasons limiting economic growth are identified, and the mechanisms for overcoming them are disclosed, since economic growth is of particular importance in the transformational period of state development. It substantiates the assertion that the forms and methods of state regulation should be the result of a reasonable combination of the private and public sectors of the economy to more effectively achieve the goal of economic development of the country and increase the welfare of the population. To this end, it is advisable to limit the actions of market forces and find a rational ratio of market and government measures that stimulate economic growth and development.It is shown that in the near future the development of the economy of Azerbaijan should be focused on the transition to the integration of various models of economic transformation; at the same time, “attraction of investments” should be carried out by methods of stimulating consumption, and the concept of a socially oriented economy, which the state also implements, should prevail, thereby ensuring social protection of the population and at the same time developing market relations. Disproportions in regional and sectoral development are also noted, which are the result of an ineffective distribution of goods produced, inadequate investment in human capital, a low level of coordination and stimulation of economic growth and development.

The Impact of the Public Expenditure Cuts Policy on the Labor Market in Vietnam

2012 ◽  
pp. 22-46
Author(s):  
Huong Nguyen Thi Lan ◽  
Toan Pham Ngoc
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Impact Evaluation ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium Model ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of public expenditure cuts on employment and income to support policies for the development of the labor mar- ket. Impact evaluation is of interest for policy makers as well as researchers. This paper presents a method – that is based on a Computable General Equilibrium model – to analyse the impact of the public expenditure cuts policy on employment and income in industries and occupations in Vietnam using macro data, the Input output table, 2006, 2008 and the 2010 Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey.

Gypsy Population of Tatarstan: Attitude to Education and Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 188-192
Author(s):  
Tatyana Alekseevna Titova ◽  
Elena Valeryevna Frolova ◽  
Elena Gennadievna Gushchina ◽  
Anastasia Victorovna Fakhrutdinova
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Health Protection ◽  
Complex Study ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
The Republic

Abstract The studied problem significanceis caused by theneed of complex study of the groups which are in an nonnative environment environment. The purpose of the article is study of the of the Gipsy population that live in Zelenodolsk district of the Republic of Tatarstan to the systems and education healthcare. The leading approach to a research of this problem is a polyparadigmal methodology. The educational process is understood as an instrument of socialization of Roma children and health problems of representatives of their population. Special attention is paid to the circumstance that the questions of education of children is far from being priority one for the Gipsy population of the explored area. The understanding of health protection haw essential differences in comparison with local population. The conclusion is drawn that integration of Roma into local community depends on support of initiatives of locals and administration by most of representatives of a camp. Materials of the article can be useful to ethnologists, social and cultural anthropologists, political scientists and also representatives of the bodies/ committees and institutions supervising questions of interethnic and inter-religious interaction.

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