Ayurvedic management for COVID-19 – A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1551-1559
Author(s):  
Tejashree Kantak ◽  
Swapnil Borage ◽  
Priyanka Shelotkar
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Virus Multiplication ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Infected Person ◽  
Ancient Science ◽  
Symptomatic Management ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
The Given

As the corona pandemic has emerged, researchers around the globe are working on finding specific treatment for it. But till date, no conclusive specific treatment has been found, and we are following the protocols with symptomatic management. Ayurveda is an ancient science of healing, with highly sophisticated literature about diseases, their pathogenesis, clinical features, and management. The evaluation of different modalities for treating COVID-19 pandemic patients is the foremost aim of the study. For review, we used the knowledge of the ancient classics and past literature regarding human treatment guidelines mentioned in Ayurveda classics, for prevention and treatment of communicable diseases, to provide appropriate direction in the prevention of COVID-19. The thorough review has been done, of literature, Samhitas(Ayurveda Classics), and research articles which were published between January and June 2020 by PubMed, Google Scholar, WHO, Ministry of AYUSH. The opinions of experts have also been referred to. As individuals with lower immunity have a higher risk of COVID-19, so the herbal Rasayana(Rejuvenating) drug, which has proven immunomodulatory activity, is also included in the given study. The Review for Ayurveda formulations, which might help in preventing the progression of COVID-19, has also been made. The Indian herbs are widely utilized in the preparation of Ayurvedic medicines or formulations or in the form of drinks to manage various respiratory disorders such as cough, cold, and flu. Hence, these drugs are formulated by using active parts of the plants, which are used for preventing and treating the COVID-19. These formulations are immunity modulators and they prevent the spread of the virus, by intruding at a different stage of virus multiplication in the infected person.

scholarly journals Sex differences and correlates of poor glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study in Brazil and Venezuela

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e023401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda G Duarte ◽  
Sandra da Silva Moreira ◽  
Maria da Conceição C Almeida ◽  
Carlos A de Souza Teles ◽  
Carine S Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Haemoglobin A1c ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Adherence To Diet

ObjectiveExamine whether glycaemic control varies according to sex and whether the latter plays a role in modifying factors associated with inadequate glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Brazil and Venezuela.Design, setting and participantsThis was a cross-sectional, nationwide survey conducted in Brazil and Venezuela from February 2006 to June 2007 to obtain information about glycaemic control and its determinants in patients with diabetes mellitus attending outpatient clinics.Main outcome measuresHaemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level was measured by liquid chromatography, and patients with HbA1c ≥7.0% (53 mmol/mol) were considered to have inadequate glycaemic control. The association of selected variables with glycaemic control was analysed by multivariate linear regression, using HbA1c as the dependent variable.ResultsA total of 9418 patients with T2D were enrolled in Brazil (n=5692) and in Venezuela (n=3726). They included 6214 (66%) women and 3204 (34%) men. On average, HbA1c levels in women were 0.13 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.24; p=0.015) higher than in men, after adjusting for age, marital status, education, race, country, body mass index, duration of disease, complications, type of healthcare, adherence to diet, adherence to treatment and previous measurement of HbA1c. Sex modified the effect of some factors associated with glycaemic control in patients with T2D in our study, but had no noteworthy effect in others.ConclusionsWomen with T2D had worse glycaemic control than men. Possible causes for poorer glycaemic control in women compared with men include differences in glucose homeostasis, treatment response and psychological factors. In addition, sex modified factors associated with glycaemic control, suggesting the need to develop specific treatment guidelines for men and women.

scholarly journals Rituximab monotherapy for splenic marginal zone lymphoma with villous lymphocytes: report on long-term disease control for two patients with recurrence after splenectomy

2010 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 375-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcio Debiasi ◽  
Marluce Hehnemann ◽  
Bernardo Garicochea
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Marginal Zone ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Marginal Zone Lymphoma ◽  
Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma ◽  
Purine Analogues ◽  
Relapsed Lymphoma

CONTEXT: Splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) is a lymphoproliferative B-cell disorder that has a favorable prognosis, with estimated overall five-year survival of 70%. The majority of symptomatic patients undergo splenectomy, while a few receive first-line chemotherapy, especially with purine analogues. There are no specific treatment guidelines for patients for whom splenectomy fails to provide a cure. It is still unclear whether these patients should undergo cytotoxic chemotherapy, considering they have now a relapsed lymphoma (which is theoretically more aggressive), or whether they should be spared from treatments of greater toxicity, given that their disease usually develops with a more indolent course, even when it recurs. CASE REPORT: Here, we present two patients whose disease recurred after splenectomy and for whom rituximab monotherapy provided satisfactory treatment. From these cases, it can be suggested that postponement of cytotoxic treatments may be possible in at least some situations. It needs to be emphasized that the evidence to support this approach is based only on case reports, since there are no randomized clinical trials on this subject.

scholarly journals MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA: CURRENT APPROACHES TO PREVENTION AND TREATMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 154-158
Author(s):  
Евгений Ким ◽  
Evgenij Kim ◽  
Владимир Горбачев ◽  
Vladimir Gorbachev ◽  
Виталий Унжаков ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Hyperthermia ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Specific Drug ◽  
Disease Phenotype ◽  
Medical Assistance ◽  
Inhalation Anesthesia ◽  
Inhaled Anesthetics ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
The Russian Federation

One of the most serious complications of modern anesthesia is malignant hyperthermia, which is a pharmacogenetic disease phenotype manifested by skeletal muscle hypermetabolism and rhabdomyolysis during or after general anesthe- sia with the use of inhaled anesthetics and succinylcholine. In Russia, the problem of malignant hyperthermia remains unresolved. This is mainly due to the fact that the only specific drug dantrolene created for the effective treatment of malignant hyperthermia is still not legalized and thus formally prohibited to import, disseminate and apply on the domestic pharmaceutical market. This article deals with the regulatory framework of specific treatment of malignant hyperthermia in Russia, allowing the possibility to legally import to the territory of the Russian Federation dantrolene as an unregistered drug, if it is a question of rendering medical assistance on vital indications to a particular patient, or its unauthorized use for vital indications in a situation of extreme necessity. The article presents the recommendations of domestic experts on the treatment of malignant hyperthermia. In this case, as a possible alternative to dantrolene, magnesium preparations are considered, whose role in the treatment of the crisis of malignant hyperthermia continues to be specified. Thus, given the increasing use of inhalation anesthesia by Russian anesthetists, to ensure the safety of patients with regard to the development of malignant hyperthermia, it is possible only in the case of official registration in the do- mestic dantrolene market. Also, in the territory of Russia, a network of relevant consultative and diagnostic centers should be established. These measures will undoubtedly increase the effectiveness of treatment and prevention of severe consequences of this disease in our country.

scholarly journals HIV‐Associated Opportunistic Infections—Going, Going, But Not Gone: The Continued Need for Prevention and Treatment Guidelines

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 609-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Brooks ◽  
Jonathan E. Kaplan ◽  
King K. Holmes ◽  
Constance Benson ◽  
Alice Pau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Stroke in children

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Henzi ◽  
Maja Steinlin
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Significant Delay ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Arterial Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Paediatric Stroke ◽  
Socioeconomic Burden

Stroke in children is a rare, but terrifying disease and its lifelong sequelae weigh heavy on patients and families. It is also increasingly recognized as a socioeconomic burden, ongoing for many years after the acute manifestation. There is a significant delay in diagnosis of childhood stroke. This is caused by several factors: lack of awareness among the public and professionals, childhood-specific manifestations, numerous stroke mimics, and last but not least, limited access to emergency neuroimaging for children. Fast stroke recognition tools need adaption to the special needs in children. Childhood arterial ischaemic stroke differs in aetiology from adult stroke with cerebral vasculopathies being the leading cause and cardioembolic aetiology ranking second. However, treatment guidelines are largely based on adult guidelines and expert consensus. Future research has to put emphasis on understanding pathophysiology, defining specific treatment options, and providing evidence for treatment guidelines in paediatric stroke.

scholarly journals Antiviral and Immunomodulatory Activity of Silver Nanoparticles in Experimental RSV Infection

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothea Morris ◽  
Maria Ansar ◽  
Janice Speshock ◽  
Teodora Ivanciuc ◽  
Yue Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Antiviral Effect ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Inflammatory Chemokines ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important etiological agent of respiratory infection in children for which no specific treatment option is available. The RSV virion contains two surface glycoproteins (F and G) that are vital for the initial phases of infection, making them critical targets for RSV therapeutics. Recent studies have identified the broad-spectrum antiviral properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against respiratory pathogens, such as adenovirus, parainfluenza, and influenza. AgNPs achieve this by attaching to viral glycoproteins, blocking entry into the host cell. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antiviral and immunomodulatory effects of AgNPs in RSV infection. Herein we demonstrate AgNP-mediated reduction in RSV replication, both in epithelial cell lines and in experimentally infected BALB/c mice. Marked reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., IL-1α, IL-6, TNF-α) and pro-inflammatory chemokines (i.e., CCL2, CCL3, CCL5) was also observed. Conversely, CXCL1, G-CSF, and GM-CSF were increased in RSV-infected mice treated with AgNPs, consistent with an increase of neutrophil recruitment and activation in the lung tissue. Following experimental antibody-dependent depletion of neutrophils, the antiviral effect of AgNPs in mice treated was ablated. To our knowledge, this is the first in vivo report demonstrating antiviral activity of AgNPs during RSV infection.

Infantile Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Case Study and Review of the Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (13) ◽  
pp. 806-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sama Boles ◽  
Claudia Martinez-Rios ◽  
Daniel Tibussek ◽  
Daniela Pohl
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Lumbar Puncture ◽  
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Review Of The Literature

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension, or pseudotumor cerebri, is an increase in cerebrospinal fluid pressure of unknown etiology. It is mostly seen in adults, less frequently in adolescents, rarely in younger children. Only 5 infants meeting idiopathic intracranial hypertension criteria have been mentioned in the literature. We report a case of a previously healthy 9-month-old boy who presented with irritability, decreased appetite, and a bulging fontanelle. Computed tomography (CT) head imaging and cerebrospinal fluid studies revealed normal results. The patient’s symptoms transiently resolved after the initial lumbar puncture, but 11 days later, his fontanelle bulged again. A second lumbar puncture revealed an elevated opening pressure of 35 cmH2O and led to a diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in accordance with the modified Dandy Criteria. Treatment with acetazolamide at a dose of 25 mg/kg/d was initiated and the patient remained symptom-free for 6 weeks, followed by another relapse. His acetazolamide dose was increased to 37 mg/kg/d, with no further relapses to date. A diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension is challenging in infants, because the patients cannot yet verbalize typical idiopathic intracranial hypertension–related symptoms such as positional headaches, diplopia, or pulsatile tinnitus. Furthermore, it is more difficult to assess papilledema in that age group. If undetected and untreated, idiopathic intracranial hypertension may result in permanent visual deficits. Little is known about idiopathic intracranial hypertension in infants, and age-specific treatment guidelines are lacking. We discuss this rare case of infantile idiopathic intracranial hypertension and provide a review of the literature, including an overview of disease characteristics and outcomes of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in this very young age group.

CA184-104: Randomized, multicenter, double-blind, phase III trial comparing the efficacy of ipilimumab (Ipi) with paclitaxel/carboplatin (PC) versus placebo with PC in patients (pts) with stage IV/recurrent non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) of squamous histology.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. TPS7611-TPS7611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Reck ◽  
Haolan Lu ◽  
Greta Gribkoff ◽  
Sabine Maier ◽  
Rachel McGovern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Human Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Immune Therapies

TPS7611 Background: Years of research in advanced NSCLC have not improved outcomes for the squamous subtype beyond those of standard platinum doublets. Evidence of responses to immune therapies in NSCLC of squamous cell histology supports investigation in this subtype. Ipi, a fully human monoclonal antibody which blocks CTLA-4, augments antitumor immune responses. Ipi improved overall survival (OS) in advanced melanoma, with side effects managed using product-specific treatment guidelines; immune-related response criteria (irRC) were derived from WHO criteria to better capture response patterns observed with Ipi. A randomized Phase 2 study of Ipi/PC in Stage IV NSCLC pts showed significant improvement in progression-free survival (PFS), as measured by mWHO or irRC, with a trend toward improved OS, over chemotherapy alone in pts receiving phased Ipi/PC (Ipi started after 2 cycles of PC). Phased Ipi/PC appeared to show efficacy in tumors of squamous histology. Addition of Ipi did not exacerbate PC toxicity, and immune-related adverse events were managed using protocol-specific guidelines. A Phase 3 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01285609) is examining whether phased Ipi/PC will prolong OS in chemotherapy-naïve pts with squamous NSCLC. Methods: Stage IV/recurrent squamous NSCLC with ECOG 0-1 will be included; pts with CNS metastases or history of autoimmune disease will be excluded. Pts are randomized to receive 2 cycles of PC (175 mg/m2 and AUC=6, respectively; IV), followed by 4 cycles of study drug (Ipi in Arm A, placebo in Arm B; IV) with 4 additional cycles of PC (total 6 cycles). Pts without progressive disease (PD) after induction receive maintenance therapy with blinded study drug Q12W until PD per mWHO. The study will randomize 920 pts 1:1 between arms. The primary endpoint of this study is OS; secondary endpoints include OS among pts who receive blinded therapy, PFS and best overall response rate.

Treatment patterns among patients with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes in a real-world setting: Electronic medical record (EMR)-based data.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (8_suppl) ◽  
pp. 247-247
Author(s):  
Bruce Jeffrey Dezube ◽  
Jill Bell ◽  
Aaron Galaznik ◽  
Eileen Farrelly ◽  
Marlo Blazer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Index Date ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Nccn Guidelines ◽  
Real World Setting

247 Background: Treatment decisions in MDS are based on a prognostic scoring system that divides pts into five distinct risk categories (NCCN 2016). Treatment guidelines for HR MDS pts include hypomethylating agents (HMAs) alone (azacitidine & decitabine), high-intensity induction chemotherapy (IC), & stem cell transplant (SCT) alone or after HMAs. Limited information is available on how these recommendations are applied in practice. This study evaluated the real-world treatment of HR MDS pts. Methods: Newly diagnosed HR MDS pts who were ≥18 years old & initiated first-line therapy (1LT) were retrospectively identified from a large United States EMR database between 1/1/2008 & 7/31/2015. As complete cytogenetics were not available in the database, HR was based on: ICD coding: ≥1 inpatient claim with an HR MDS ICD-9/10 code (ICD-9 code: 238.73; ICD-10 codes: D46.20, D46.21, D46.22), or ≥2 outpatient claims with an MDS ICD-9/10 code, or an adapted HR MDS algorithm (NCCN Guidelines in Oncology for MDS v.1.2016; Greenberg, et al. Blood. 2012;120:2454-65; Schanz et al. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30:820-9). The first MDS claim served as the index date. 1LT was defined as an MDS-specific treatment initiated on or after the index date. Pts were followed until death, progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), loss to follow-up, or end of study (9/30/2015). Results: 720 newly diagnosed HR MDS pts were identified; of these, 229 (32%) pts received MDS-specific treatment. Median time to treatment was 22 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 10, 74). HMAs were the most common agents in the 1LT with 60% (n= 138) & 24% (n=54) receiving azacitidine & decitabine, respectively. Lenalidomide was used in 7.4% of pts (n=17), 4.8% received SCT alone (n=11), & 3.9% (n=9) received IC. At median follow-up of 9.4 months (IQR: 4.3, 18.4), 38% (n=86) died & 28% (n=63) progressed to AML. Conclusions: Despite guidelines, most HR MDS pts in a real-world setting were not treated with MDS-specific treatment. Among treated pts, 1LT with HMAs & azacitidine predominated. Subsequent research is needed to understand reasons for lack of treatment.

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