Allelopathy in native species of brazilian Savannah / Alelopatia em espécies nativas do Cerrado

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edilene Carvalho Santos Marchi ◽  
Giuliano Marchi ◽  
José Carlos Sousa-Silva ◽  
Fernanda Satie Ikeda ◽  
Christopher William Fagg
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Cerrado Biome ◽  
Brazilian Savannah ◽  
The World ◽  
New Compounds

Nesta revisão, estudos alelopáticos de 70 espécies nativas do Cerrado, distribuídas em 34 famílias e estudadas de 1992 até 2008 foram compiladas em uma lista. O Bioma Cerrado compreende várias paisagens distintas constituídas por diferentes fitofisionomias e é uma das biodiversidades mais ricas no mundo. Das 12.000 espécies lenhosas nativas do Cerrado, somente em uma pequena parte foram estudadas. Poucos aleloquímicos em folhas, flores, parte aérea e partes subterrâneas de espécies de plantas foram identificadas em dados restritos. Compostos isolados de poucas plantas foram mostrados em detalhes. A síntese desses compostos não foi utilizada para uso em controle de plantas daninhas e outros organismos. Futuros trabalhos poderiam ser direcionados para plantas estudadas e ainda não estudadas; a identificação de novos compostos e seu metabolismo; síntese e modo de ação daqueles compostos; efeitos na agricultura e no estabelecimento de plantas no Cerrado.   ABSTRACT In this review, allelopathic studies of 70 species native from Cerrado, distributed in 34 families and studied from 1992 until late 2008, were compiled in a list. The Cerrado Biome comprises several distinct landscape areas constituted by different phytophysiognomies, and is the most biodiverse savanna in the world. From the 12.000 species native to Cerrado, only a small amount of species have been studied. Few allelochemicals in leaves, flowers, shoots, and subterranean parts of plant species were identified in the restricted data. Isolated compounds from a few plants were shown in detail. The synthesis of those compounds was not identified for use in comprehensive control of plants and other organisms. Future studies should be directed to unknown and better known plants; identification of new compounds and their metabolism; synthesis and mode of action of those new compounds; agriculture effects and Cerrado plants establishment.

scholarly journals Phytoremediation Potential of Native Herbaceous Plant Species Growing on a Paradigmatic Brownfield Site

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Matanzas ◽  
E. Afif ◽  
T. E. Díaz ◽  
J. R. Gallego
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Medicago Lupulina ◽  
Icp Ms

AbstractPhytomanagement techniques using native species allow the recovery of contaminated soils at low cost and circumvent the ecological risks associated with the use of non-native species. In this context, a paradigmatic brownfield megasite highly contaminated by As and Pb was sampled in order to analyze soil–plant interactions and identify plant species with phytoremediation potential. A survey was first carried out in a 20-ha area to obtain an inventory of species growing spontaneously throughout the site. We then performed another survey in the most polluted sub-area (1 ha) within the site. Pseudototal concentrations of contaminants in the soil, aerial parts of the plants, and roots were measured by ICP-MS. A detailed habitat classification was done, and a specific index of coverage was applied by means of a 1-year quadrat study in various sampling stations. Results converged in the selection of six herbaceous species (Dysphania botrys, Lotus corniculatus, Lotus hispidus, Plantago lanceolata, Trifolium repens, Medicago lupulina). All of these plants are fast-growing, thereby making them suitable for use in phytostabilization strategies. Furthermore, they are all easy to grow and propagate and are generally self-sustaining. All six plants showed accumulation factors below 1, thus revealing them as pseudomethallophytes and excluders. However, L. hispidus and M. lupulina showed translocation capacity and are considered worthy of further study.

scholarly journals Drivers and Barriers to the Adoption of Fuel Cell Passenger Vehicles and Buses in Germany

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 833
Author(s):  
Gregory Trencher ◽  
Achmed Edianto
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Market Penetration ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Cell Technology ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Institutional Issues ◽  
The World ◽  
Privately Owned

As policymakers and automotive stakeholders around the world seek to accelerate the electrification of road transport with hydrogen, this study focuses on the experiences of Germany, a world leader in fuel cell technology. Specifically, it identifies and compares the drivers and barriers influencing the production and market penetration of privately-owned fuel cell electric passenger vehicles (FCEVs) and fuel cell electric buses (FCEBs) in public transit fleets. Using original data collected via a survey and 17 interviews, we elicited the opinions of experts to examine opportunities and obstacles in Germany from four perspectives: (i) the supply of vehicles (ii) refuelling infrastructure, (iii) demand for vehicles, and (iv) cross-cutting institutional issues. Findings indicate that despite multiple drivers, there are significant challenges hampering the growth of the hydrogen mobility market. Several are more pronounced in the passenger FCEV market. These include the supply and cost of production, the lack of German automakers producing FCEVs, the profitability and availability of refuelling stations, and low demand for vehicles. In light of these findings, we extract implications for international policymakers and future studies. This study provides a timely update on efforts to spur the deployment of hydrogen mobility in Germany and addresses the underrepresentation of studies examining both buses and passenger vehicles in tandem.

scholarly journals Nelumbo genome database, an integrative resource for gene expression and variants of Nelumbo nucifera

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Li ◽  
Xingyu Yang ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Zhiyan Gao ◽  
Yuting Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Molecular Breeding ◽  
Nelumbo Nucifera ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Genome Database ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Sacred Lotus ◽  
Coexpression Networks

AbstractSacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera, or lotus) is one of the most widely grown aquatic plant species with important uses, such as in water gardening and in vegetable and herbal medicine. A public genomic database of lotus would facilitate studies of lotus and other aquatic plant species. Here, we constructed an integrative database: the Nelumbo Genome Database (NGD, http://nelumbo.biocloud.net). This database is a collection of the most updated lotus genome assembly and contains information on both gene expression in different tissues and coexpression networks. In the NGD, we also integrated genetic variants and key traits from our 62 newly sequenced lotus cultivars and 26 previously reported cultivars, which are valuable for lotus germplasm studies. As applications including BLAST, BLAT, Primer, Annotation Search, Variant and Trait Search are deployed, users can perform sequence analyses and gene searches via the NGD. Overall, the valuable genomic resources provided in the NGD will facilitate future studies on population genetics and molecular breeding of lotus.

scholarly journals Big hitting collectors make massive and disproportionate contribution to the discovery of plant species

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1736) ◽  
pp. 2269-2274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Bebber ◽  
Mark A. Carine ◽  
Gerrit Davidse ◽  
David J. Harris ◽  
Elspeth M. Haston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Fundamental Goal ◽  
The World ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
The Right ◽  
Geographical Locations

Discovering biological diversity is a fundamental goal—made urgent by the alarmingly high rate of extinction. We have compiled information from more than 100 000 type specimens to quantify the role of collectors in the discovery of plant diversity. Our results show that more than half of all type specimens were collected by less than 2 per cent of collectors. This highly skewed pattern has persisted through time. We demonstrate that a number of attributes are associated with prolific plant collectors: a long career with increasing productivity and experience in several countries and plant families. These results imply that funding a small number of expert plant collectors in the right geographical locations should be an important element in any effective strategy to find undiscovered plant species and complete the inventory of the world flora.

Design and Application about System of Plant Science Popularization Based on the QR Code

2015 ◽  
Vol 738-739 ◽  
pp. 1303-1308
Author(s):  
Jing Hua Han ◽  
Ming Jia Li
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
General Public ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Plant Science ◽  
Qr Code ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Science Popularization ◽  
The World

Plant is not only closely related to human beings’ life, but also an integral part of raw materials in production. Protection of nature and plant resources is an increasingly urgent needs around the world. Cognition is a prerequisite for the protection of plant. But the way of plant science popularization is old, the knowledge of plant is too obscure to the general public. The system of plant science popularization based on the QR code spreads the knowledge of plant with illustrations interactively, to facilitate ordinary users to learn, understand and identify plant species. The article will detail all aspects of development of the system, allowing more scholars to understand the digitized plant science popularization under the new media.

scholarly journals Hosts of Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) Native to the Brazilian Amazon

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina A. Gómez-Moya ◽  
Talita P. S. Lima ◽  
Elisângela G. F. Morais ◽  
Manoel G. C. Gondim Jr. ◽  
Gilberto J. De Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Instantaneous Rate ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Musa Paradisiaca ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Raoiella Indica

The expansion of red palm mite (RPM), Raoiella indica (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) in Brazil could impact negatively the native plant species, especially of the family Arecaceae. To determine which species could be at risk, we investigated the development and reproductive potential of R. indica on 19 plant species including 13 native species to the Brazilian Amazon (12 Arecaceae and one Heliconiaceae), and six exotic species, four Arecaceae, a Musaceae and a Zingiberaceae. Values of the instantaneous rate of increase (ri) were initially estimated at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after infestation of each species. Higher values of ri (> 0.05) were determined on the Arecaceae Adonidia merrillii, Astrocaryum jauari, Cocos nucifera, Bactris simplicifrons, Mauritia flexuosa, Phoenix dactylifera and Socratea exorrhiza, and on the Heliconiaceae Heliconia psittacorum Sassy; these were classified as “potential primary hosts”. Lower, but still positive values of ri (0-0.05) were determined on the Arecaceae Bactris maraja, Oenocarpus bacaba, Oenocarpus bataua and on the Musaceae Musa × paradisiaca (Prata variety); these were classified as “potential secondary hosts”. Negative values of ri were determined for the remaining plants, i.e., the Arecaceae Astrocaryum aculeatum, Attalea maripa, Bactris gasipaes, Elaeis guineensis, Euterpe oleracea, Euterpe precatoria, and the Zingiberaceae Alpinia rosea; these were considered “non-hosts”. Species with ri < 0.05 were considered not to be threatened by the RPM. Biological parameters of RPM were evaluated on the plant species with positive ri (except B. maraja) and two native species with negative ri (E. oleracea and E. precatoria). Mean developmental time ranged from 14.7 days on C. nucifera to 21.4 days on Musa × paradisiaca, showing a significant influence of the plant substrate. Immature viability, oviposition rate, net reproductive rate (R0) and intrinsic rate of increase (rm) were affected by the plant species.

scholarly journals Classification and infection mechanism of entomopathogenic fungi

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margy Alejandra Esparza Mora ◽  
Alzimiro Marcelo Conteiro Castilho ◽  
Marcelo Elias Fraga
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Insect Cuticle ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Intensive Research ◽  
Infection Mechanism ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject

ABSTRACT: Entomopathogenic fungi are important biological control agents throughout the world, have been the subject of intensive research for more than 100 years, and can occur at epizootic or enzootic levels in their host populations. Their mode of action against insects involves attaching a spore to the insect cuticle, followed by germination, penetration of the cuticle, and dissemination inside the insect. Strains of entomopathogenic fungi are concentrated in the following orders: Hypocreales (various genera), Onygenales (Ascosphaera genus), Entomophthorales, and Neozygitales (Entomophthoromycota).

Fish fauna in low-order streams of the Piquiri River, Upper Paraná River basin, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariele P. Camargo ◽  
Sandra C. Forneck ◽  
Fabrício M. Dutra ◽  
Leonardo B. Ribas ◽  
Almir M. Cunico
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Neotropical Streams ◽  
The World ◽  
Upper Paraná River ◽  
Upper Paraná River Basin ◽  
Electric Fishing ◽  
Low Order

Abstract The South America ichthyofauna encompasses the highest diversity of the world, however is highly threatened by anthropogenic actions. The fish fauna of nine low-order streams, tributaries of the Piquiri River and impacted by aquaculture, agriculture and urbanization were sampled in the present study. Samplings were done quarterly from December 2017 to September 2018 at three sites in each stream, using a portable electric fishing device in 50-meter segments. A total of 14,507 individuals were collected, belonging to six orders, 20 families, 46 genera, and 70 species. The highest richness and abundance were found for the orders Characiformes and Siluriformes. In this study, nine species that had not been recorded were found, totaling 163 for the basin. In addition, 14 non-native species were captured. The presented list of species contributes to the existing database of ichthyofauna distribution in Neotropical streams, denoting that it is underestimated in the region, mainly in low-order tributaries. The present study reinforces the importance of inventories and monitoring in environments with high biodiversity and sensitive to anthropogenic actions.

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