scholarly journals The submicron particles FORMULATION OF IONIC-GELATION SUBMICRON PARTICLES LOADING EXTRACT PAPAYA LEAVES (Carica papaya L.) WITH LACTIC ACID ISOLATES

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Mardiyanto Mardiyanto ◽  
Budi Untari ◽  
Najma Annuria Fithri ◽  
Sofia Sandi ◽  
Zahrul Mawaddah
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Submicron Particles ◽  
Ionic Gelation ◽  
Particle Characterization ◽  
Submicron Particle ◽  
Optimum Formula

A study regarding ionic-gelation submicron particle of papaya leaves (Carica papaya L.) extract with lactic acid of weeds potentially for antidiarrhea has been conducted. Preparation of papaya leaves ethanolic extract and lactic acid isolate into particles was done by ionic gelation method. This study aimed to determine: the major compound of extract, the total quercertine of extract, the percent value of encapsulation efficiency of the optimum formula which was varied by (CaOH)2 of the three formulas, and physical properties of particles. Formula 1 was using (CaOH)2 of 12.5 gram; formula 2 (CaOH)2 of 17,5 gram; formula 3 (CaOH)2 of 22.5 gram. The results showed formula 1 as the optimum formula that has the highest %EE. The average %EE values ​​of F1; F2; F3 respectively were 80,82%; 80,41%; 80,31%. The results of particle characterization using the PSA in the optimum formula produced particle size values ​​with an average of 253.6 nm, PDI of 0.218, and zeta potential +8 mV respectively.

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TIMOLOL MALEATE-LOADED NANOPARTICLES GEL BY IONIC GELATION METHOD USING CHITOSAN AND SODIUM ALGINATE

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
RISA AHDYANI ◽  
LARAS NOVITASARI ◽  
RONNY MARTIEN
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Polydispersity Index ◽  
Ionic Gelation ◽  
Timolol Maleate ◽  
Optimum Formula

Objective: The objectives of this study were to formulate and characterize nanoparticles gel of timolol maleate (TM) by ionic gelation method using chitosan (CS) and sodium alginate (SA). Methods: Optimization was carried out by factorial design using Design Expert®10.0.1 software to obtain the concentration of CS, SA, and calcium chloride (CaCl2) to produce the optimum formula of TM nanoparticles. The optimum formula was characterized for particle size, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency, Zeta potential, and molecular structure. Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) K15 was incorporated into optimum formula to form nanoparticles gel of TM and carried out in vivo release study using the Franz Diffusion Cell. Results: TM nanoparticles was successfully prepared with concentration of CS, SA, and CaCl2 of 0.01 % (w/v), 0.1 % (w/v), and 0.25 % (w/v), respectively. The particle size, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency, and Zeta potential were found to be 200.47±4.20 nm, 0.27±0.0154, 35.23±4.55 %, and-5.68±1.80 mV, respectively. The result of FTIR spectra indicated TM-loaded in the nanoparticles system. In vitro release profile of TM-loaded nanoparticles gel showed controlled release and the Korsmeyer-Peppas model was found to be the best fit for drug release kinetics. Conclusion: TM-loaded CS/SA nanoparticles gel was successfully prepared and could be considered as a promising candidate for controlled TM delivery of infantile hemangioma treatment.

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ANCHOVY (STOLEPHORUS SP) PROTEIN CONCENTRATE NANOPARTICLE USING IONIC GELATION METHOD

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-111
Author(s):  
ZULFIAYU SAPIUN ◽  
ARLAN K. IMRAN ◽  
PRISCA SAFRIANI WICITA ◽  
VYANI KAMBA ◽  
NANGSIH SULASTRI SLAMET
Keyword(s):  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Ionic Gelation ◽  
Volume Comparison ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Optimum Formula

Objective: Nanoparticle preparation can increase the bioavailability of anchovy protein. This study aims to optimize and characterize anchovy protein concentrate nanoparticle based on volume comparison of chitosan-TPP (Tripolyphosphate) matrix in forming the size of anchovy protein concentrate nanoparticle with ionic gelation method. Methods: Fresh anchovy was extracted by an acid-base method using solvents of NaOH and HCl to get protein concentrate. After that, it was conducted by formulating anchovy protein concentrate into a mixture of chitosan-TPP matrix with volume ratio which was divided into 5 series of variations, namely F1 without matrix, F2 1:1, F3 1:3, F4 1:5 and F5 1:7 ratio of chitosan to TPP, then formed matrix was determined the value of the encapsulation efficiency and characterized using a particle size analysis tool. Results: The results showed that the optimum volume comparison of the chitosan-TPP matrix in forming nanoparticle of anchovy protein concentrate was ratio 1:7 because this has a matrix encapsulation efficiency value of 99.11%, a small particle concentrate size of 687.26 nm, a good polydispersity index value of 0.406 and a value of zeta potential of+12.9 mV. Conclusion: The optimum formula of the chitosan-TPP matrix volume ratio in forming anchovy protein concentrate nanoparticle is F5 with the ratio of chitosan-TPP matrix mixture 1:7.

scholarly journals Physical Interaction Of Chitosan-Alginate Entrapping Extract Of Papaya Leaf And Formation Of Submicron Particles Dosage Form

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Budi Untari ◽  
Dina Permata Wijaya ◽  
Mardiyanto Mardiyanto ◽  
Herlina Herlina ◽  
Via Angraeni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Submicron Particles ◽  
Wave Number ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Optimum Formula

Research on physical interaction of chitosan-alginate entrapping extract of papaya leaf (Carica papaya L) into submicron particles formation has been performed. Preparation of papaya leaf extract into submicron particle dosage form of chitosan and sodium alginate polymer using ionic gelation method aimed to increase the solubility of extract. Submicron particles consisting of papaya leaf extract, chitosan, sodium alginate and CaCl2 were combined using variation of stirrer speed of 500, 750, and 1000 RPM. The optimum formula obtained has a speed of 1000 RPM with the percent EE value of 71.90%. The results of submicron particles characterization such as diameter and particle size distribution (PDI) using particle size analyzer (PSA) tools were 189.2 nm and 0.330. The results of XRD revealed the changes of type of crystalinity form to amorphous on submicron particles. The results of FTIR revealed the physical interaction without shifting of wave number of carbonyl, amine, and hydroxyl group which indicated that there were no chemical interactions occurred. These data indicated that papaya extract can be formulated into submicron particles of chitosan-alginate polymer.

Karakterisasi Dan Optimasi Formula Sediaan Gel Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Buah Pisang Kapas (Musa paradisiaca Linn.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 872-884
Author(s):  
Dina Rahma Ulya ◽  
St. Rahmatullah ◽  
W Wirasti ◽  
Dwi Bagus Pambudi
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Ionic Gelation ◽  
Cycling Test ◽  
Musa Paradisiaca ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Gel Preparation

AbstractCotton banana peel (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) has not been used by the community. Nanoparticles are solid colloidal particles with a diameter of 10-1000 nm. This study aims to make ethanol extract of cotton banana peel (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) as an active substance in the form of nanoparticles formulated in gel preparations and to determine the evaluation of cotton banana peel (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) nanoparticle gel. The method of making nanoparticles of ethanolic extract of cotton banana peel (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) in this research is ionic gelation. Nanoparticles of ethanolic extract of cotton banana peel (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) were characterized using particle size analyzer. Evaluation of gel preparations included organoleptic tests, homogeneity, pH, dispersibility, adhesion, viscosity and cycling tests. The cycling test includes organoleptic, pH and viscosity testing. Cycling test observations were carried out for 6 cycles. Characterization of nanoparticles of ethanolic extract of cotton banana peel (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) had a particle size of 220.3 nm with a polydipsia index of 0.139. Evaluation of pH preparations has a pH of 6, viscosity ranges from 7116 cps – 8095 cps, dispersion ranges from 5.1 cm to 5.4 cm, adhesion ranges from 1.11 seconds to 7.54 seconds. The results of the cycling test showed a change in the color of the preparation, while the cycling test for pH and viscosity did not change the stability. Conclusion The cotton banana peel extract (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) can be made into smaller particles or nanoparticles using the ionic gelation method and the evaluation of the nanoparticle gel preparation of the cotton banana peel (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) extract has met the requirements.Keywords: Cotton banana peel, gel, nanoparticles, evaluation AbstrakKulit buah pisang kapas (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) belum dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat. Nanopartikel merupakan partikel koloid padatan dengan diameter 10-1000 nm. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat ekstrak etanol kulit buah pisang kapas (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) sebagai zat aktif dalam bentuk nanopartikel yang diformulasi dalam sediaan gel dan untuk mengetahui evaluasi gel nanopartikel kulit buah pisang kapas (Musa paradisiaca Linn.). Metode pembuatan nanopartikel ekstrak etanol kulit buah pisang kapas (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) pada penelitian ini yaitu gelasi ionik. Nanopartikel ekstrak etanol kulit buah pisang kapas (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) dikarakterisasi menggunakan particle size analyzer. Evaluasi sediaan gel meliputi uji organoleptis, homogenitas, pH, daya sebar, daya lekat, viskositas dan cycling test. Pengujian cycling test meliputi pengujian organoleptis, pH dan viskositas. Pengamatan cycling test dilakukan selama 6 siklus.Karakterisasi nanopartikel ekstrak etanol kulit buah pisang kapas (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) memiliki ukuran partikel 220,3 nm dengan indeks polidipersitas 0,139. Evaluasi sediaan pH memiliki pH 6, viskositas rentang 7116 cps – 8095 cps, daya sebar rentang 5,1 cm -5,4 cm, daya lekat rentang 1,11 detik – 7,54 detik. Hasil pengujian cycling test terdapat perubahan warna dari sediaan, sedangkan pengujian cycling test terhadap pH dan viskositas tidak mengalami perubahan stabilitas. Kesimpulan ekstrak kulit buah pisang kapas (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) dapat dibuat dalam partikel yang lebih kecil atau nanopartikel dengan menggunkan metode gelasi ionik dan evaluasi sediaan gel nanopartikel ekstrak etanil kulit buah pisang kapas (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) telah memenuhi persyaratan.Kata kunci: Kulit buah pisang kapas, gel, nanopartikel, evaluasi

scholarly journals Mikroenkapsulasi Likopen dari Buah Tomat dengan Metode Penguapan Pelarut

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-116
Author(s):  
Evi Sulastri ◽  
Nurlina Ibrahim ◽  
Suci Budiarti
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ethyl Cellulose ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Scanning Electronic Microscopy ◽  
Recovery Yield ◽  
Optimum Formulation ◽  
Optimum Formula

Lycopene is a carotenoid group easily damaged due to the oxidation process (light, oxygen and temperature) and isomerization during storage. This damage can be minimized by microencapsulation processes. The objective of this study was to develop novel microencapsulation of lycopene extracts from tomato fruit by solvent evaporation method using ethyl cellulose as wall materials and to select the optimum formulation. Three microcapsule formulations were prepared containing the ratio of lycopene and ethyl cellulose (L:ES) of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3. The morphology of the microcapsules was analysed by optical microscopy and scanning electronic microscopy. The encapsulation efficiency, particle size, recovery yield and moisture content were also examined. The result showed that all microcapsule formula were aggregated and irregular in shape with encapsulation efficiency of 6.13- 19.43%, moisture content of 1,63- 7,52%, recovery yield of 81-98,12% and particle size of 46,2-86µm. Microcapsule with a ratio 1:3 (L:ES) was the most optimum formula based on a maximum encapsulation efficiency than the others

scholarly journals FACTORIAL DESIGN AS THE METHOD IN THE OPTIMIZATION OF TIMOLOL MALEATE-LOADED NANOPARTICLE PREPARED BY IONIC GELATION TECHNIQUE

2019 ◽  
pp. 66-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILDAN KHAIRI MUHTADI ◽  
LARAS NOVITASARI ◽  
RONNY MARTIEN ◽  
RETNO DANARTI
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Polydispersity Index ◽  
Ionic Gelation ◽  
Timolol Maleate ◽  
23 Factorial Design ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Optimum Formula

Objective: This study aims to optimize the timolol maleate (TM) nanoparticle prepared by ionic gelation method using the factors of pectin (PC), calcium chloride (CC), and chitosan (CS) concentrations with the responses of entrapment efficiency, particle size, and polydispersity index using 23 factorial design. Methods: TM nanoparticle suspensions were obtained by mixing of PC (0,4-0,6% (w/v)), CC (0,2-0,4% (w/v)), and CS (0,01-0,02% (w/v)) with TM concentration of 0,02% w/v. Each mixture was then tested for entrapment efficiency, particle size, and polydispersity index. The test results were analyzed with 23 factorial design using Design-Expert software in order to determine the optimum formula. Results: The optimization study showed that all of the factors influenced the responses significantly (p<0.05) based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the suggested models. The R2value and the adequate precision value of the three models were more than 0.7 and 4, respectively. The difference between Adjusted R-Squared and Predicted R-Squared value were less than 0.200. The optimum condition of TM nanoparticle was suggested at the desirability value of 0.839 with the concentration of PC, CC, and CS of 0,4% (w/v), 0,2% (w/v), and 0,01% (w/v), respectively. The entrapment efficiency, particle size, and polydispersity index of the optimum condition were 24.791±2.84%, 274.867±14.45 nm, and 0.634±0.066, respectively. Conclusion: The 23factorial design has been proved as the suitable method to determine the optimum condition that yields the good results of the entrapment efficiency, particle size, and polydispersity index of the TM-loaded nanoparticle prepared by ionic gelation method.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF DILTIAZEM HYDROCHLORIDE NANOPARTICLES FORMULA AND ITS RELEASE KINETICS EVALUATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 194-199
Author(s):  
LINA WINARTI ◽  
LUSIA OKTORA RUMA KUMALA SARI ◽  
EKA DEDDY IRAWAN DWI NURAHMANTO ◽  
VIDDY AGUSTIAN ROSYIDI ◽  
LIDYA AMELIANA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Release Mechanism ◽  
Prolonged Release ◽  
Ionic Gelation ◽  
Optimum Formula ◽  
Diltiazem Hcl

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum formula of diltiazem HCl-loaded chitosan nanoparticles due to variations in the speed and duration of stirring and evaluating the release kinetics in vitro using DDSolver. Methods: The method used to prepare nanoparticles is ionic gelation. The ionic gelation method involves an ionic cross-linking between cations on the backbone of chitosan and anion, such as sodium tripolyphosphate (Na TPP).  Results: Stirring speed of 1200 rpm and stirring time of 2 h produce an optimum response. The optimum formula has an entrapment efficiency of 71.10%, a particle size of 110.2 nm, and a polydispersity index of 0.268. The dry powder of diltiazem HCl nanoparticles produced a drug loading of 66.14±1.71% and a yield of 34.07±0.73%. The FT-IR showed ionic interaction (cross-linking) between ammonium ions from chitosan and phosphate ions from Na TPP. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed a particle size of 150 µm, a spherical shape, and rough surface morphology. In vitro release profiles indicated prolonged release, which follows the Korsmeyer Peppas model.  Conclusion: It can be concluded that increasing the speed and duration of stirring will improve drug entrapment and reduce the particles size variation. The dry nanoparticles release mechanism is by diffusion and matrix erosion.

SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI NANOPARTIKEL KITOSAN – EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH MANGGIS (Garcinia Mangostana)

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eriawan Rismana ◽  
Susi Kusumaningrum ◽  
Olivia Bunga P ◽  
Idah Rosidah ◽  
Marhamah Marhamah
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Sodium Tripolyphosphate ◽  
Chitosan Solution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ionic Gelation ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
Solvent Residue ◽  
Mold And Yeast

The chitosan – Garcinia Mangostana extract nanoparticles has been prepared by ionic gelation reaction by mixture 0.2 % chitosan solution in acetic acid with Garcinia Mangostana extract and it’s continued by reaction process with 0.1 % sodium tripolyphosphate. The particle size of material was determined by Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) that it showed in the range of 200 – 500 nm. The color, pH, water, α- mangostin, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, lead, totally microbe aerobic, totally mold and yeast, and solvent residue contents of nanoparticles were also examined by many methods that these resulted are yellow, 4.50 – 5.50, 89 – 90 %, 1.05 %, < 0.005 ppm, < 0.01 ppm, < 0.01 ppm, < 0.05 ppm, < 10 CFU/g, < 10 CFU/g and not detected, respectively. The other characterization was also observed that it’sincluded stability andTLC chromatogram. A mixture of nanoparticles with cosmetics bases was showed that it’s increased stability, homogeneity and easy to formed.

Analgesic Effectivty Of Nanoparticles Chitosan-Ethanol Leaf Extract Papaya (Carica Papaya L.) In White Male Mice (Mus Mucculus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Juliferd Gredi ◽  
Wintari Taurina ◽  
Mohamad Andrie
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
White Male ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Ionic Gelation ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Writhing Test ◽  
Effi Ciency ◽  
Optimal Formula

Papaya leaves has been shown to have efficacy as an analgesic. Analgesic effect caused by the flavonoids in leaves of papaya. To enhance the analgesic effi cacy papaya into dosage formulatio of nanoparticles. The purpose of this research was to create and characterized nanoparticles from ethanol extract of papaya leaves then tested for effectiveness as an analgesic. This study used polymer chitosan and NaTPP to created nanoparticles through ionic gelation method and analgesic activity tested using writhing test method and statistical tested. Optimal formula of nanoparticles were produced at concentration of 0.2% chitosan, Na-TPP extract 0.1% and 4% with a ratio of 6: 1: 1. The nanoparticles was formed a size of 255.4 nm with polidispers index of 0.7, the zeta potential of + 11,1mV, the adsorption effi ciency by 87% and rounded morphology (spherical). Analgesic effectiveness tested by comparison between the groups ethanol extract of papaya and the groups nanoparticles of chitosan-ethanol extract papaya statistically using the T-test Independent. The results of this research indicate that there are statistically signifi cant differences (p <0.05). This results shows that the preparation nanoparticles of chitosan-ethanol extract papaya is more effective as an analgesic than the ethanol extract of papaya leaves.

Optimization and Characterization of Aqueous Micellar Formulations for Ocular Delivery of an Antifungal Drug, Posaconazole

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 1543-1555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meltem E. Durgun ◽  
Emine Kahraman ◽  
Sevgi Güngör ◽  
Yıldız Özsoy
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Pluronic F127 ◽  
Glycol Succinate ◽  
Vitro Release

Background: Topical therapy is preferred for the management of ocular fungal infections due to its superiorities which include overcoming potential systemic side effects risk of drugs, and targeting of drugs to the site of disease. However, the optimization of effective ocular formulations has always been a major challenge due to restrictions of ocular barriers and physiological conditions. Posaconazole, an antifungal and highly lipophilic agent with broad-spectrum, has been used topically as off-label in the treatment of ocular fungal infections due to its highly lipophilic character. Micellar carriers have the potential to improve the solubility of lipophilic drugs and, overcome ocular barriers. Objective: In the current study, it was aimed optimization of posaconazole loaded micellar formulations to improve aqueous solubility of posaconazole and to characterize the formulations and to investigate the physical stability of these formulations at room temperature (25°C, 60% RH), and accelerated stability (40°C, 75% RH) conditions. Method: Micelles were prepared using a thin-film hydration method. Pre-formulation studies were firstly performed to optimize polymer/surfactant type and to determine their concentration in the formulations. Then, particle size, size distribution, and zeta potential of the micellar formulations were measured by ZetaSizer Nano-ZS. The drug encapsulation efficiency of the micelles was quantified by HPLC. The morphology of the micelles was depicted by AFM. The stability of optimized micelles was evaluated in terms of particle size, size distribution, zeta potential, drug amount and pH for 180 days. In vitro release studies were performed using Franz diffusion cells. Results: Pre-formulation studies indicated that single D-ɑ-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS), a combination of it and Pluronic F127/Pluronic F68 are capable of formation of posaconazole loaded micelles at specific concentrations. Optimized micelles with high encapsulation efficiency were less than 20 nm, approximately neutral, stable, and in aspherical shape. Additionally, in vitro release data showed that the release of posaconazole from the micelles was higher than that of suspension. Conclusion: The results revealed that the optimized micellar formulation of posaconazole offers a potential approach for topical ocular administration.

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