Psychological Determinants of Personaliti Bullying in the Sociometric Dimension

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
International Partnership ◽  
Psychological Determinants ◽  
Exchange Program ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Degree

The article considers the main problems that arise when conflicts of interest between people in the sociometric dimension. The need for their comprehensive study will help to eliminate the negative consequences and use positive solutions to these conflicts for the development of the individual, his integration into society. The urgency of the work lies in the search for rational approaches to the origin and prevention of psychological bullying in the sociometric dimension as a consequence of the conflict of personality in agreement with its characterological education, psychological attitudes and beliefs. that is why the problem of bullying deserves in-depth study. The aim of the article is to study the influence of bullying on the uncertainty of adolescents in the sociometric dimension. The work is based on the provisions of prevention and reduction of external discrimination, isolation, humiliation and harassment, which will serve as factors to prevent personal uncertainty in the future. Bullying undermines the victim's self-confidence, destroys health, self-esteem and human dignity. There is a bullying structure, which is a social system that includes the offender, the victim and observers. Methods of measuring the manifestations of psychological bullying are determined, the corresponding set of methods of psychodiagnostics is presented and tested. Empirical data show that with insufficient and excessive mobilization of the individual there are with a high degree of probability such mental states that disturb the adaptive balance. Thus, with insufficient mobilization in a difficult life situation, it is likely to appear apathy and reduce energy expenditure. On the other hand, in a situation of excessive mobilization there is a state of high voltage against the background of excessive energy consumption. The results of this study are important in establishing international cooperation in the study of programs and projects in the context of transforming the human health system in accordance with international partnership standards and implementing a cultural exchange program for education and culture between countries.

scholarly journals Associative-verbal model of the verb haben and its synonyms in German

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
N. V. Kozlova
Keyword(s):  
World View ◽  
German Language ◽  
Word Associations ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Systematic Character ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Verbal Model

An associative experiment, widely used in recent years in psycholinguistic studies, allows for an in-depth study of the semantics of a word by considering logical relationships in associative fields. In addition, the results of such an experiment provide “access” to the speakers’ language consciousness and enable the researcher to describe its structure. At the same time, the “construction” of associative-verbal models makes it possible to understand and study the systematic character of the individual speaker’s world view and language consciousness of the speakers of a certain language and culture. All this determines the relevance of the associative-verbal models and specific lexemes analysis. The study of the speaking personality – Homo Loquens – is connected with the analysis of an individual world view explicated in language consciousness and actually existing in the form of verbal images – word associations. This article discusses the results of a free associative experiment with participation of the native German speakers (as a result of this experiment, 137 different associative reactions were received with the total number of associative reactions 305; the analysis focused on both types of responses – primary and secondary word associations). The subject matter of the study is the verb haben, forming the centre in the sphere “possession” and its synonyms (gehören, verfügen, besitzen, gebieten). The synonyms were identified through a lexicographical analysis with the help of five dictionaries of synonyms and the Contemporary German language corpora dwds.de. The analysis is based on a systematic approach that allows us to reveal the structure of senses and meanings in the mental lexicon and the interconnectedness of associative fields of synonymous stimulus words. The lexicographical, corpus and associative types of analysis reveal the following: 1) a negligible number of respondents' refusals to respond; 2) associating with a “paradigmatic” type in regard to the semantic structure of the stimulus word and associative response; 3) a high degree of uniqueness of “syntagmatic” associations; 4) “possession” is associated with such reactions as Geld, Gut, Güter, Macht, Testament, Freunde, nichts.

scholarly journals EMOTIONAL TENSION IN THE PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY OF TEACHERS IN AN INCLUSIVE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitalii Bocheliuk ◽  
◽  
Mykyta Panov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental States ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Emotional Tension ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Internal Properties ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Emotional Burnout

The state of mental tension arises when a person performs productive activity in difficult conditions and has a strong impact on his or her performance. The nature of this influence is determined by the situation itself, as well as the characteristics of the individual, his or her motivation and so on. In general, the importance of a component in the overall structure of tension, the dynamics of its changes is determined by what place it occupies in the structure of a particular activity. In the process of certain activity, various relationships, which include people and events, there are internal properties of the individual, which become his or her stable formations and begin to participate in the regulation of mental states and behavior in difficult conditions. Based on the concept of «tension» as a mental state, we talk about emotional tension in the professional activity of teachers as a state that is expressed in the characteristics of experiences and behavior and is objectively caused by such difficulties that cannot be overcome. The syndrome or phenomenon of «burnout» is manifested as a state of physical and mental exhaustion caused by emotional stress, which in turn leads to stress when working with people. Emotional burnout is a mechanism of psychological protection developed by a person in the form of complete or partial exclusion of emotions in response to traumatic influences. The results allowed us to develop guidelines for the prevention of emotional burnout of teachers in an inclusive educational environment in order to prevent and assist teachers who are prone to «emotional burnout». The presented methodical recommendations are only the first step in the further in-depth study of the problem of emotional burnout of teachers in professional activity.

Tourism as a Tool for the Fulfilment of the Rights to Rest and Leisure Enshrined in Article No. 24 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 180-188
Author(s):  
Bianca Nicla Romano
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Universal Declaration ◽  
Title V ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Real Right ◽  
Right To Work ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Italian Constitution

Art. 24 of the 1948 Declaration of Human Rights recognises and protects the right of the individual to rest and leisure. This right has to be fully exercised without negative consequences on the right to work and the remuneration. Tourism can be considered one of the best ways of rest and leisure because it allows to enrich the personality of the individual. Even after the reform of the Title V this area is no longer covered by the Italian Constitution, the Italian legal system protects and guarantees it as a real right, so as to get to recognize its existence and the consequent compensation of the so-called “ruined holiday damage”. This kind of damage has not a patrimonial nature, but a moral one, and the Tourist-Traveler can claim for it when he has not been able to fully enjoy his holiday - the essential fulcrum of tourism - intended as an opportunity for leisure and/or rest, essential rights of the individual.

Semiology of the Pain Syndrome - Identifying the Ideal Methods of Locoregional Anesthesia Based on Their Rationale and Features

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 2373-2377
Author(s):  
Mihaela Monica Scutariu ◽  
Vlad Danila ◽  
Corina Ciupilan ◽  
Oana Elena Ciurcanu
Keyword(s):  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Structuring Element ◽  
Technical Accuracy ◽  
Locoregional Anesthesia ◽  
Special Approach ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Degree

Anesthesia and the degree of control over the perception of pain depends on the personality of the individual, the socio-economic conditions, potential previous painful experiences and, last but not least, on fatigue and fear of the dentist. The perception of pain in patients is closely connected to their mental state. Pain is defined as a sensation of discomfort, with wide variations, both in quality and intensity, for different people in seemingly identical conditions; an unpleasant sensitive and emotional phenomena connected to the threat of a wound or caused in the tissues or described in the terms of this disease. The essential element of any type of anesthesia is analgesia, an effect which in some cases cannot be achived, due to the patient�s particularities or the physician�s lack of experience in anesthesia. Locoregional anesthesia (LRA) represents the blocking of the nociceptive sensitive and sympathetic autonomic afferents as well as that of motor efferents at the level of peripheral nerves� axons, by means of local anesthetic. To achieve the set purpose, we carried out a study on a representative human sample comprised of 10.123 patients treated in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic (Ambulatory) from the County Clinic Emergency Hospital St. Spiridon Iasi, between 01.01.2015-31.12.2016. The reason for the exclusion of certain categories of patients in the reseach was: the patients with a special conditions background require individual pre-anesthesia schemes, personalised for the nature of the pre-existing general condition, which must be further approved by the attending specialist physician : cardiologist, internist, diabetologist; children under 18 years old, with a high degree of anxiety; a high precentage of elderly patients, over 60 years old, possess a combination of general issues, thus requiring a special approach. The thoroughness lying at the core of the anesthetic practice, most especially the safegurading of a technical accuracy in the performance of anesthesia [12,], instead of improvisations, the lack of anatomical and stomatological training in general and the resulting inefficiency as such, is the underlying in-depth structuring element of this paper.

scholarly journals Territories of state-led aquaculture risk management: Thailand’s Plang Yai program

2020 ◽  
pp. 239965442096524
Author(s):  
Mariska JM Bottema ◽  
Simon R Bush ◽  
Peter Oosterveer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Financial Risks ◽  
Shared Resources ◽  
Globalizing World ◽  
Farmer Behavior ◽  
Key Policy ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Degree

The Thai aquaculture sector faces a range of production, market and financial risks that extend beyond the private space of farms to include public spaces and shared resources. The Thai state has attempted to manage these shared risks through its Plang Yai (or ‘Big Area’) agricultural extension program. Using the lens of territorialization, this paper investigates how, through the Plang Yai program, risk management is institutionalized through spatially explicit forms of collaboration amongst farmers and between farmers and (non-)state actors. We focus on how four key policy instruments brought together under Plang Yai delimited multiple territories of risk management over shrimp and tilapia production in Chantaburi and Chonburi provinces. Our findings demonstrate how these policy instruments address risks through dissimilar but overlapping territories that are selectively biased toward facilitating the individual management of production risks, whilst enabling both the individual and collective management of market and financial risks. This raises questions about the suitability of addressing aquaculture risks by controlling farmer behavior through state-led designation of singular, spatially explicit areas. The findings also indicate the multiple roles of the state in territorializing risk management, providing a high degree of flexibility, which is especially valuable in landscapes shared by many users, connected to (global) value chains and facing diverse risks. In doing so we demonstrate that understanding the territorialization of production landscapes in a globalizing world requires a dynamic approach recognizing the multiplicity of territories that emerge in risk management processes.

scholarly journals Understanding decisions about antibiotic prescribing in ICU: an application of the Necessity Concerns Framework

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjqs-2020-012479
Author(s):  
Alyssa M Pandolfo ◽  
Robert Horne ◽  
Yogini Jani ◽  
Tom W Reader ◽  
Natalie Bidad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Out Of Hours ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Clinical Vignettes ◽  
Molecular Microbiology ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Individual

BackgroundAntibiotics are extensively prescribed in intensive care units (ICUs), yet little is known about how antibiotic-related decisions are made in this setting. We explored how beliefs, perceptions and contextual factors influenced ICU clinicians’ antibiotic prescribing.MethodsWe conducted 4 focus groups and 34 semistructured interviews with clinicians involved in antibiotic prescribing in four English ICUs. Focus groups explored factors influencing prescribing, whereas interviews examined decision-making processes using two clinical vignettes. Data were analysed using thematic analysis, applying the Necessity Concerns Framework.ResultsClinicians’ antibiotic decisions were influenced by their judgement of the necessity for prescribing/not prescribing, relative to their concerns about potential adverse consequences. Antibiotic necessity perceptions were strongly influenced by beliefs that antibiotics would protect patients from deterioration and themselves from the ethical and legal consequences of undertreatment. Clinicians also reported concerns about prescribing antibiotics. These generally centred on antimicrobial resistance; however, protecting the individual patient was prioritised over these societal concerns. Few participants identified antibiotic toxicity concerns as a key influencer. Clinical uncertainty often complicated balancing antibiotic necessity against concerns. Decisions to start or continue antibiotics often represented ‘erring on the side of caution’ as a protective response in uncertainty. This approach was reinforced by previous experiences of negative consequences (‘being burnt’) which motivated prescribing ‘just in case’ of an infection. Prescribing decisions were also context-dependent, exemplified by a lower perceived threshold to prescribe antibiotics out-of-hours, input from external team members and local prescribing norms.ConclusionEfforts to improve antibiotic stewardship should consider clinicians’ desire to protect with a prescription. Rapid molecular microbiology, with appropriate communication, may diminish clinicians’ fears of not prescribing or of using narrower-spectrum antibiotics.

A comparison of the compressibilities of some gases with that of nitrogen at pressures below one atmosphere

1950 ◽  
Vol 200 (1061) ◽  
pp. 201-218 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Differential Method ◽  
Linear Extrapolation ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Pure Nitrogen ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Oxygen ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Straight Lines ◽  
High Degree

A differential method for comparing the compressibilities of gases at pressures below 1 atm. has been developed in which many of the errors inherent in methods employed previously have been to a large extent eliminated, especially those due to meniscus volume changes and capillary depression. Using pure nitrogen as a standard the low-pressure isothermals of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, oxygen, ethylene and propane have been determined at a temperature of 22-05° C. The deviations of the individual points from straight lines do not in most cases exceed 2 parts in 100,000. In no case, even with propane, was any curvature in the isotherms detectable. The contention of Moles and other recent workers that the molecular weights of liquefiable gases can be determined to a high degree of accuracy by linear extrapolation is rendered highly probable by this fresh evidence.

Prediction of pre-eclampsia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1753495X2098401
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Giannakou
Keyword(s):  
Early Recognition ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Maternal Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
The Individual

Pre-eclampsia is a leading cause of neonatal and maternal mortality and morbidity that complicates approximately 2–8% of all pregnancies worldwide. The precise cause of pre-eclampsia is not completely understood, with several environmental, genetic, and maternal factors involved in its pathogenesis and pathophysiology. An accurate predictor of pre-eclampsia will facilitate early recognition, close surveillance according to the individual risk and early intervention, and reduce the negative consequences of the disorder. Current evidence shows that no single test predicts pre-eclampsia with sufficient accuracy to be clinically useful. A combination of markers into multiparametric models may provide a more useful and feasible predictive tool for pre-eclampsia screening in the routine care setting than a test of either component alone. This review presents a summary of the current advances on prediction of pre-eclampsia, highlighting their performance and applicability. Key priorities when conducting research on predicting pre-eclampsia are also analyzed.

Identity Transformation as an Intercontextual Process

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 317-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven De Weerdt ◽  
René Bouwen ◽  
Felix Corthouts ◽  
Hilda Martens
Keyword(s):  
Professional Identity ◽  
Transformational Learning ◽  
Identity Transformation ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Organizational Behaviour ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Identity Learning ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Student Interns

Societal and organizational change requires people to change their professional identity continuously. Starting from two theoretical traditions that address identity and learning, the authors analysed the learning narratives of two sets of learners – participants in a two-year experiential learning programme and student interns, both in the domain of organizational behaviour. They then developed a model of transformational learning for two aspects of a learner's professional identity: (1) the change in concepts and images that relate to who we consider ourselves to be; and (2) the development of a healthy self-worth and self-confidence. This differentiation of transformational learning into two distinct and complementary processes constitutes the contribution of this research to the theoretical understanding of identity transformation. By means of the notion of ‘intercontextuality’, the authors also describe the process that integrates the individual sense-making perspective and the relational–participatory perspective on identity learning.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study of the use and effectiveness of the Individual Development Plan among doctoral students

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan L. Vanderford ◽  
Teresa M. Evans ◽  
L. Todd Weiss ◽  
Lindsay Bira ◽  
Jazmin Beltran-Gastelum
Keyword(s):  
Career Development ◽  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Career Planning ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Development Plan ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Individual

Background: The Individual Development Plan (IDP) was introduced as a tool to aid in career planning for doctoral trainees. Despite the National Institutes of Health and academic institutions creating policies that mandate the use of IDPs, little information exists regarding the use and effectiveness of the career planning tool. Methods: We conducted a multi-institutional, online survey to measure IDP use and effectiveness. The survey was distributed to potential respondents via social media and direct email. IDP survey questions were formatted using a five-point Likert scale (strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree and strongly disagree). For data analysis purposes, responses were grouped into two categories (agree versus does not agree/disagree). The data were summarized as one-way frequencies and the Pearson chi-square test was used to determine the statistical significance of univariate associations between the survey variables and an outcome measure of the effectiveness of the IDP. Results: Among all respondents, fifty-three percent reported that they are required to complete an IDP while thirty-three percent reported that the tool is helpful to their career development. Further, our data suggests that the IDP is most effective when doctoral students complete the tool with faculty mentors with whom they have a positive relationship. Respondents who are confident about their career plans and who take advantage of career development resources at their institution are also more likely to perceive that the IDP is useful for their career development. Conclusion: Given the nuanced use and effectiveness of the IDP, we call for additional research to characterize the overall use and effectiveness of the IDP and to determine whether there are unintended negative consequences created through the use of the tool. Furthermore, we recommend an enhancement of career development infrastructure that would include mentorship training for faculty in order to provide substantially more career planning support to trainees.

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