scholarly journals The Law of Non-Contradiction as a Metaphysical Principle

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuomas E. Tahko
Keyword(s):  
General Principle ◽  
The Core ◽  
The World ◽  
Logical Principle ◽  
The Law ◽  
Core Idea ◽  
Graham Priest ◽  
Metaphysical Principle

The goals of this paper are two-fold: I wish to clarify the Aristotelian conception of the law of non-contradiction as a metaphysical rather than a semantic or logical principle, and to defend the truth of the principle in this sense. First I will explain what it in fact means that the law of non-contradiction is a metaphysical principle. The core idea is that the law of non-contradiction is a general principle derived from how things are in the world. For example, there are certain constraints as to what kind of properties an object can have, and especially: some of these properties are mutually exclusive. Given this characterisation, I will advance to examine what kind of challenges the law of non-contradiction faces—the main opponent here is Graham Priest. I will consider these challenges and conclude that they do not threaten the truth of the law of non-contradiction understood as a metaphysical principle.

scholarly journals NORMATIVITAS KEILMUAN HUKUM DALAM PERSPEKTIF ALIRAN PEMIKIRAN NEO-KANTIAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
FX. Adji Samekto
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Legal Positivism ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Philosophical Thinking ◽  
The Core ◽  
Hans Kelsen ◽  
The Law ◽  
Core Idea ◽  
Empirical Positivism ◽  
Transcendental Idealist

Scientific normativity of law conceived as a character inherent in legal science as a sui generis. Jurisprudence basically study the law, something that initially emerged from the dogmatic belief in philosophy. Dogmaticism refuse to alter beliefs one iota. The teachings of dogmatic philosophy stems from the teachings of Plato (428-347 BC) and is reflected in the legal enforceability. Dogmaticism in the law is reflected in the Corpus Juris Civilis. Along with the development of post Era Scholastic philosophical thinking, the philosophy synthesizes thought between dogmatic thinking and skeptic has appeared in the Age of Enlightment.This idea is reflected in Transcendental Idealist philosophy thought of Immanuel Kant (1724 to 1804). The core idea is that real human beings are given the ability tounderstand based on empirical experience and actually also able to gain an understanding of the human being that is the essence of symptoms. Transcendental Idealist, thus dynamic, moving to look for values   that are useful for life. Transcendental Idealist thought then be adopted Kelsen (18811973) in the teaching of normativity in legal positivism (legal positivism). Normativity in the teachings of Hans Kelsen’s legal positivismderived from the integration of empirical positivism and idealistic positivism.Keywords : Normativity, Neo-kantian, Hans Kelsen, Transsendental IdealisNormativitas keilmuan hukum dikonsepsikan sebagai karakter yang melekat pada keilmuan hukum sebagai cabang ilmu yang bersifat sui generis.Disebut demikian karena ilmu hukum pada dasarnya mempelajari hukum, sesuatu yang pada awalnya dimunculkan dari pemikiran filsafat yang beraliran dogmatik. Pemikiran filsafat dogmatik menolak alternatif keyakinan (belief) lain dalam berpikir. Pemikiran filsafat dogmatik bermula dari ajaran Plato (428-347 SM) dan tercermin dalam keberlakuanhukum. Dogmatika dalam hukum sangat tercermin dalam Corpus Juris Civilis. Seiring dengan perkembangan pemikiran filsafat pasca Era Skolastik, maka pemikiran filsafat yang mensintesakan antara pemikiran dogmatik dan skeptik telah muncul di Era Pencerahan.Pemikiran tercermin dari filsafat pemikiran Transendental Idealis dari Immanuel Kant (1724-1804). Inti pemikirannya adalah bahwa manusia sesungguhnya diberi kemampuan untuk memahami berdasarkan pengalaman empirisdan sesungguhnya pula manusia mampu mendapat pengertian tentang gejala yang bersifat esensi. Transendental Idealis, dengan demikian bersifat dinamis, bergerak untuk mencari nilai-nilai yang berguna untuk kehidupan. Pemikiran Transendental Idealis inilah yang kemudian menjadi landasan pemikiran Hans Kelsen (1881-1973) dalam mengajarkan normativitas dalam positivisme hukum (legal positivism). Normativitas dalam positivisme hukum ajaran Hans Kelsen bersumber dari integrasipositivisme empiris dan empirisme idealis.Kata Kunci : Normativitas, Neo-kantian, Hans Kelsen, Transsendental Idealis

scholarly journals How could we strengthen social support for food gardening?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
George Kent
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Core ◽  
The World ◽  
Core Idea ◽  
Food Gardening

Widespread hunger in the world is due mainly to the fact that people don’t care enough about one another’s well-being. Caring can be increased by encouraging social interaction. This can be done in many different ways, but the core idea here is to help people produce food for themselves. Many people who produce food in their own gardens gladly share it with their neighbors. They also share their knowledge and enthusiasm for gardening. This is a huge underutilized resource. The project proposed here is intended to facilitate that sharing.  

Man, society, religion: spiritual transformations at the turn of the millennium

1998 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Oleh Buchma
Keyword(s):  
Turn Of The Millennium ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Core ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Core Idea

The universal concept, the logical center of understanding the problem of spirituality is man. Awareness of a person of his place in the world, the meaning of his being becomes the core idea of the era. At the same time in the public consciousness there is a significant qualitative shift in the direction of priority of humanistic values, when the priority is the question of moral comprehension of reality.

The Evolution of Cognitive Representational Decision Making

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin W. Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Mental States ◽  
The State ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Efficiency Gains ◽  
Cognitive Efficiency ◽  
The Core ◽  
The World ◽  
Core Idea

This chapter develops a new account of the evolution of cognitive representational decision making—i.e. of decision making that relies on representations about the state of the world. The core idea behind this account is that cognitive representational decision making can—at times—be more cognitively efficient than non-cognitive representational decision making. In particular, cognitive representational decision making, by being able to draw on the inferential resources of higher-level mental states, can enable organisms to adjust more easily to changes in their environment and to streamline their neural decision making machinery (relative to non-representational decision makers). While these cognitive efficiency gains will sometimes be outweighed by the costs of this way of making decisions—i.e. the fact that representational decision making is generally slower and more concentration- and attention-hungry than non-representational decision making—this will not always be the case. Moreover, it is possible to say in more detail which kinds of circumstances will favor the evolution of cognitive representational decision making, and which do not.

The Utilitarian Case against Iterated Bequests

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Halliday
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
John Stuart Mill ◽  
The Core ◽  
Inheritance Tax ◽  
Incentive Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
Core Idea ◽  
Over Time

This chapter focuses on the utilitarian preoccupation with regulating inheritance tax proposals according to their incentive effects. The chapter begins by extending the discussion of John Stuart Mill. Special attention is then paid to Eugenio Rignano’s proposal to make inheritance tax ‘progressive over time’. The core idea of the Rignano scheme is to impose higher tax liabilities on inheritance that comes from prior inheritance or, in other words, to tax second-generation inheritance at a higher rate than first-generation. The main aim in the chapter is to identify the extent to which this proposal draws strength from the utilitarian commitments that motivated it, while also having some independent appeal. This distinction is articulated partly through evaluating some criticisms of the Rignano scheme that proved influential between the world wars, when the proposal enjoyed some prominence.

Causal Process Theories

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phil Dowe
Keyword(s):  
Process Theory ◽  
Causal Process ◽  
Causal Relations ◽  
The Core ◽  
Causal Processes ◽  
Process Theories ◽  
The World ◽  
Basic Facts ◽  
Core Idea

If the core idea of process theories of causation is that causation can be understood in terms of causal processes and interactions, then the approach should be attributed primarily to Wesley Salmon (1925–2001). Salmon takes causal processes and interactions as more fundamental than causal relations between events. To express this Salmon liked to quote John Venn: ‘Substitute for the time honoured “chain of causation”, so often introduced into discussions upon this subject, the phrase a “rope of causation”, and see what a very different aspect the question will wear’. According to the process theory, any facts about causation as a relation between events obtain only on account of more basic facts about causal processes and interactions. Causal processes are the world-lines of objects, exhibiting some characteristic essential for causation.

scholarly journals Normativity of Scientific Law in the Perspective of Neo-Kantian Schools of Thought

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
FX. Adji Samekto ◽  
Ani Purwanti
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Legal Positivism ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Philosophical Thinking ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Law ◽  
Core Idea ◽  
Empirical Positivism ◽  
Transcendental Idealist

Scientific normativity of law conceived as a character inherent in legal science as a sui generis. Jurisprudence basically studies the law, something that initially emerged from the dogmatic belief in philosophy. Dogmatism refuse to alter beliefs one iota. The teachings of dogmatic philosophy stem from the teachings of Plato and reflected in the legal enforceability. Dogmatism in the law is reflected in the Corpus Juris Civilis. Along with the development of post Era Scholastic philosophical thinking, the philosophy synthesizes thought between dogmatic thinking and skeptic has appeared in the Age of Enlightenment. This idea is reflected in Transcendental Idealist philosophy thought of Immanuel Kant. The core idea is that real human beings are given the ability to understand based on empirical experience and actually also able to gain an understanding of the human being that is the essence of symptoms. Transcendental Idealist, thus dynamic, moving to look for values that are useful for life. Transcendental Idealist thought then be adopted Kelsen in the teaching of normativity in legal positivism. Normativity in the teachings of Hans Kelsen’s legal positivism derived from the integration of empirical positivism and idealistic empiricism.

scholarly journals ANTI-SOFT POWER IN POLITICAL THEORY AND PRACTICE

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-71
Author(s):  
A. Fenenko
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
World Order ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Core ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Core Idea ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rules Of The Game

Thus, the present article aims at answering the question whether there exists an anti-soft power, both as ideology and practice, which could be efficient enough for the state to protect itself from the impact of external informational and cultural influence. The theory of soft power is based on the idea that its object accepts normative subordination. Consequently, such object should not pursue major political ambitions, should be ready to collaborate within the established world order and, above all, agree with superiority of the world leaders and the rules they impose. Anti-soft power is different. The core idea is that its holder is not willing to comply with the opponent’s superiority as well as its rules of the game. The subject of anti-soft power is politically ambitious and never recognizes its dependence or inferiority. Regardless of being strong or weak, it will not admit its junior or secondary position in a community. We saw a few such subjects during the era of globalization. However, the globalization crisis may change the situation and thus give rise to a new political trend, that is the resurgence of anti-soft power. The article states that anti-soft power has repeatedly blocked the attempts of one country to influence another country. In the course of history, we can single out three main types of policy: 1) the policy based on supremacism, or chauvinism; 2) the policy based on ideological alternatives; 3) the policy based on segment restrictions of the oppo nent’s soft power. Each of these, though, can bring its subjects both political benefits and unwanted costs.

Choice Of Law In Contract Under The Rome Convention: The Approach Of The Uk Courts

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Hill
Keyword(s):  
General Principle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Choice Of Law ◽  
The Core ◽  
Rome Convention ◽  
The Law ◽  
Contractual Obligations ◽  
The One ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

The core provisions of the Rome Convention on the law applicable to contractual obligations are deceptively simple: a contract is governed by the law chosen by the parties (Article 3(1)); to the extent that the parties have not made a choice, a contract is governed by the law of the country with which it is most closely connected (Article 4(1)). However, within these provisions there are a number of problems. First, Article 3 provides that the parties’ choice may be either express or ‘demonstrated with reasonable certainty from the terms ofthecontract or the circumstances of the case’. This gives rise to potentially difficult questions about what constitutes an express choice and uncertainty as to the dividing line between, on the one hand, cases where the parties have made a choice (albeit not an expressone) and, on the other, cases where the parties have not made a choice at all. Secondly, the general principle in Article 4 is supplemented bya presumption (in paragraph 2), 1 which may, incertain circumstances, be disregarded (under paragraph 5). The operation of the presumption is problematic and the relationship between Article 4(2) and Article 4(5) controversial.

scholarly journals H συνεχιζόμενη ιατρική εκπαίδευση ως θεσμός προστασίας της δημόσιας υγείας

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ελένη Πολίτη
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
The Core ◽  
National Medical ◽  
System A ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The World ◽  
Core Idea

Competence in medicine is safeguarding public health. Different medical CPD systems exist throughout the world. In Greece the national medical CPD system has not really followed changes occuring in other national CPD systems today, that principally aim to enhance their effectiveness. In order to present specific proposals for the reformation and improvement of the Greek medical CPD system, a review of CPD theories, practices, best-practice examples, academic researches, alongside a survey to Greek doctors were conducted to generate relevant evidences. The observed results and conclusions structured a set of proposals that were formed in the context of the 5 medical CPD domains the European Commission recently presented, also introducing a concept of subgategories. The core idea of establishing a central indepedent Authority to undertake the responsibility of such reformation is supported.

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