scholarly journals H συνεχιζόμενη ιατρική εκπαίδευση ως θεσμός προστασίας της δημόσιας υγείας

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ελένη Πολίτη
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
The Core ◽  
National Medical ◽  
System A ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The World ◽  
Core Idea

Competence in medicine is safeguarding public health. Different medical CPD systems exist throughout the world. In Greece the national medical CPD system has not really followed changes occuring in other national CPD systems today, that principally aim to enhance their effectiveness. In order to present specific proposals for the reformation and improvement of the Greek medical CPD system, a review of CPD theories, practices, best-practice examples, academic researches, alongside a survey to Greek doctors were conducted to generate relevant evidences. The observed results and conclusions structured a set of proposals that were formed in the context of the 5 medical CPD domains the European Commission recently presented, also introducing a concept of subgategories. The core idea of establishing a central indepedent Authority to undertake the responsibility of such reformation is supported.

scholarly journals How could we strengthen social support for food gardening?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
George Kent
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Core ◽  
The World ◽  
Core Idea ◽  
Food Gardening

Widespread hunger in the world is due mainly to the fact that people don’t care enough about one another’s well-being. Caring can be increased by encouraging social interaction. This can be done in many different ways, but the core idea here is to help people produce food for themselves. Many people who produce food in their own gardens gladly share it with their neighbors. They also share their knowledge and enthusiasm for gardening. This is a huge underutilized resource. The project proposed here is intended to facilitate that sharing.  

Man, society, religion: spiritual transformations at the turn of the millennium

1998 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Oleh Buchma
Keyword(s):  
Turn Of The Millennium ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Core ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Core Idea

The universal concept, the logical center of understanding the problem of spirituality is man. Awareness of a person of his place in the world, the meaning of his being becomes the core idea of the era. At the same time in the public consciousness there is a significant qualitative shift in the direction of priority of humanistic values, when the priority is the question of moral comprehension of reality.

The Evolution of Cognitive Representational Decision Making

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin W. Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Mental States ◽  
The State ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Efficiency Gains ◽  
Cognitive Efficiency ◽  
The Core ◽  
The World ◽  
Core Idea

This chapter develops a new account of the evolution of cognitive representational decision making—i.e. of decision making that relies on representations about the state of the world. The core idea behind this account is that cognitive representational decision making can—at times—be more cognitively efficient than non-cognitive representational decision making. In particular, cognitive representational decision making, by being able to draw on the inferential resources of higher-level mental states, can enable organisms to adjust more easily to changes in their environment and to streamline their neural decision making machinery (relative to non-representational decision makers). While these cognitive efficiency gains will sometimes be outweighed by the costs of this way of making decisions—i.e. the fact that representational decision making is generally slower and more concentration- and attention-hungry than non-representational decision making—this will not always be the case. Moreover, it is possible to say in more detail which kinds of circumstances will favor the evolution of cognitive representational decision making, and which do not.

The Utilitarian Case against Iterated Bequests

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Halliday
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
John Stuart Mill ◽  
The Core ◽  
Inheritance Tax ◽  
Incentive Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
Core Idea ◽  
Over Time

This chapter focuses on the utilitarian preoccupation with regulating inheritance tax proposals according to their incentive effects. The chapter begins by extending the discussion of John Stuart Mill. Special attention is then paid to Eugenio Rignano’s proposal to make inheritance tax ‘progressive over time’. The core idea of the Rignano scheme is to impose higher tax liabilities on inheritance that comes from prior inheritance or, in other words, to tax second-generation inheritance at a higher rate than first-generation. The main aim in the chapter is to identify the extent to which this proposal draws strength from the utilitarian commitments that motivated it, while also having some independent appeal. This distinction is articulated partly through evaluating some criticisms of the Rignano scheme that proved influential between the world wars, when the proposal enjoyed some prominence.

Causal Process Theories

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phil Dowe
Keyword(s):  
Process Theory ◽  
Causal Process ◽  
Causal Relations ◽  
The Core ◽  
Causal Processes ◽  
Process Theories ◽  
The World ◽  
Basic Facts ◽  
Core Idea

If the core idea of process theories of causation is that causation can be understood in terms of causal processes and interactions, then the approach should be attributed primarily to Wesley Salmon (1925–2001). Salmon takes causal processes and interactions as more fundamental than causal relations between events. To express this Salmon liked to quote John Venn: ‘Substitute for the time honoured “chain of causation”, so often introduced into discussions upon this subject, the phrase a “rope of causation”, and see what a very different aspect the question will wear’. According to the process theory, any facts about causation as a relation between events obtain only on account of more basic facts about causal processes and interactions. Causal processes are the world-lines of objects, exhibiting some characteristic essential for causation.

scholarly journals The Law of Non-Contradiction as a Metaphysical Principle

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuomas E. Tahko
Keyword(s):  
General Principle ◽  
The Core ◽  
The World ◽  
Logical Principle ◽  
The Law ◽  
Core Idea ◽  
Graham Priest ◽  
Metaphysical Principle

The goals of this paper are two-fold: I wish to clarify the Aristotelian conception of the law of non-contradiction as a metaphysical rather than a semantic or logical principle, and to defend the truth of the principle in this sense. First I will explain what it in fact means that the law of non-contradiction is a metaphysical principle. The core idea is that the law of non-contradiction is a general principle derived from how things are in the world. For example, there are certain constraints as to what kind of properties an object can have, and especially: some of these properties are mutually exclusive. Given this characterisation, I will advance to examine what kind of challenges the law of non-contradiction faces—the main opponent here is Graham Priest. I will consider these challenges and conclude that they do not threaten the truth of the law of non-contradiction understood as a metaphysical principle.

scholarly journals Prediction and Diagnosis of COVID-19 using Machine Learning Algorithms

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 678-683
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Noisy Data ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
The Core ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
The World

The world is reworking in a digital era. However, the field of medicine was quite repulsive to technology. Recently, the advent of newer technologies like machine learning has catalyzed its adoption into healthcare. The blending of technology and medicine is facilitating a wealth of innovation that continues to improve lives. With the realm of possibility, machine learning is discovering various trends in a dataset and it is globally practiced in various medical conditions to predict the results, diagnose, analyze, treat, and recover. Machine Learning is aiding a lot to fight the battle against Covid-19. For instance, a face scanner that uses ML is used to detect whether a person has a fever or not. Similarly, the data from wearable technology like Apple Watch and Fitbit can be used to detect the changes in resting heart rate patterns which help in detecting coronavirus. According to a study by the Hindustan Times, the number of cases is rapidly increasing. Careful risk assessments should identify hotspots and clusters, and continued efforts should be made to further strengthen capacities to respond, especially at sub-national levels. The core public health measures for the Covid-19 response remain, rapidly detect, test, isolate, treat, and trace all contacts. The work presented in this paper represents the system that predicts the number of coronavirus cases in the upcoming days as well as the possibility of the infection in a particular person based on the symptoms. The work focuses on Linear Regression and SVM models for predicting the curve of active cases. SVM is least affected by noisy data, and it is not prone to overfitting. To diagnose a person our application has a certain question that needs to be answered. Based on this, the KNN model provides the maximum likelihood result of a person being infected or not. Tracking and monitoring in the course of such pandemic help us to be prepared.

scholarly journals ANTI-SOFT POWER IN POLITICAL THEORY AND PRACTICE

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-71
Author(s):  
A. Fenenko
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
World Order ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Core ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Core Idea ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rules Of The Game

Thus, the present article aims at answering the question whether there exists an anti-soft power, both as ideology and practice, which could be efficient enough for the state to protect itself from the impact of external informational and cultural influence. The theory of soft power is based on the idea that its object accepts normative subordination. Consequently, such object should not pursue major political ambitions, should be ready to collaborate within the established world order and, above all, agree with superiority of the world leaders and the rules they impose. Anti-soft power is different. The core idea is that its holder is not willing to comply with the opponent’s superiority as well as its rules of the game. The subject of anti-soft power is politically ambitious and never recognizes its dependence or inferiority. Regardless of being strong or weak, it will not admit its junior or secondary position in a community. We saw a few such subjects during the era of globalization. However, the globalization crisis may change the situation and thus give rise to a new political trend, that is the resurgence of anti-soft power. The article states that anti-soft power has repeatedly blocked the attempts of one country to influence another country. In the course of history, we can single out three main types of policy: 1) the policy based on supremacism, or chauvinism; 2) the policy based on ideological alternatives; 3) the policy based on segment restrictions of the oppo nent’s soft power. Each of these, though, can bring its subjects both political benefits and unwanted costs.

scholarly journals Privacy as Public Good – A Comparative Assessment of the Challenge for CoronApps in Latin America

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Barker ◽  
Enrique Uribe-Jongbloed ◽  
Tobias Scholz
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Core Analysis ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Digital Rights ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Uk

<p> </p><p>Much of the reporting of the tracing apps, tracking programmes, and privacy concerns during the developmental processes and the initial stages of the Covid-19 pandemic have focussed on pitting digital rights and privacy against public health interests. Undoubtedly, there is best practice in establishing a tracing app to respond to Covid-19 while the work of civil society and NGOs in scrutinising the apps in various nations is vitally important and provides the core analysis of the scope of the data to be collated and retained. The holding to account of tracing systems and governments in utilising technology that is by its very nature invasive is vital in protecting digital rights. In times of crisis in particular, accountability is incredibly important to ensure that digital rights are not pushed aside in light of other concerns.</p><p>To balance digital rights and privacy, and public health, accountability and transparency are essential – the scrutiny of the track and trace systems in Germany, the UK, and Colombia is therefore undertaken in this paper, which questions from interdisciplinary perspectives the scrutiny, accountability, and privacy concerns in each nation’s app before offering some conclusions and recommendations for the improvement and development of privacy and digital rights in Latin America. The conclusions offered here highlight good practice and outline the need for a holistic consideration of tracing systems, rather than advocating for a ‘one size fits all approach’ by positioning privacy as a public good, rather than an opponent of technological tracing systems.</p>

scholarly journals Challenges of devolved health care in Kenya: an analysis of the policy and legislative framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-524
Author(s):  
Naomi GICHUKI
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Human Right ◽  
The Core ◽  
Concept Of Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Governance Challenges ◽  
Legislative Framework

This paper comes in the wake of the COVID-19 Pandemic. A pandemic that not only ground the world to a halt, but one that also forced governments and stakeholders alike to critically evaluate the health sector. Inherent challenges plaguing the sector have been emphasized, and latent challenges brought to the surface. In Kenya, health is the largest devolved function of government, thanks to the Constitution of 2010, which devolved administrative and other governance functions to the 47 counties. Through what should have been a transitional period until now, devolution continues to present diverse administrative and governance challenges across the board, and the health sector, like many others, has not been spared. This paper examines the concept of health in light of public health and as a fundamental human right. This is followed by an examination of the policy and legislative framework that informs, guides, governs and regulates the health sector in Kenya as well as an exposition of the core challenges affecting the health sector. Recommendations and further areas of research form the conclusion of this paper.

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