scholarly journals Analytical Review of Literature. Prevalence of Acute Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases of Jaw in Children and General Principles of Complex Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
N. Nitzjati ◽  
◽  
T. N. Tserakhava ◽  
I. O. Pohodenko-Chudakova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Surgical Care ◽  
Maxillofacial Region ◽  
Antibacterial Drugs ◽  
Dental Surgery ◽  
Jaw Bones ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
New Treatment

Odontogenic infectious and inflammatory diseases is the most common reason of patients seeking for dental surgery. Among the acute odontogenic inflammatory processes, for which children are hospitalized in the hospital, the most often are: periostitis of the jaw, abscesses, phlegmons. The purpose of this work was to study the prevalence of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the jaw in 2010-2020 and the General principles of their treatment. Material and methods. The available domestic and foreign specialized literature from 2010 to 2020 is analyzed. The list of analyzed sources includes: periodicals for the specified period, basic manuals, monographs, and articles without a Statute of limitations. The descriptive method is used for the analysis. Results and discussion. Infectious and inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region are most often diagnosed in children 2-9 years old. They make more than 50% of the structure of nosological forms that are treated in a hospital. Recently, the proportion of patients with odontogenic jaw periostitis has increased to 40% in polyclinics and hospitals. The reasons of increase of children number with inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region are: high prevalence and intensity of dental caries; insufficient level of primary and secondary prevention of the latter; late access to dental care; untimeness and inadequacy of surgical care in the initial treatment of patients. Treatment of periostitis and osteomyelitis of the jaw bones should be comprehensive (including radical surgery with mandatory removal of the "causal" tooth and rational medical and physical therapy). Medical treatment includes antibacterial, detoxifying, hyposensitizing, symptomatic and general tonic agents. Children with acute odontogenic infectious and inflammatory processes are prescribed antibacterial drugs that have a tropism to bone tissue. Antibacterial drugs are prescribed in 60.5% for nitromidazole group of drugs ‒ "Metrogil", 45% − "Cefazolin" and 30.25% − "Cefotaxime" (cephalosporin-type drugs). However, irrational use of antibiotics leads to changes in the species composition and properties of microflora and consequently to decrease in the effectiveness of antibacterial therapy and increase in the frequency of this pathology and its severe complications. Therefore, when choosing antibacterial drugs, it is necessary to take into account the age of the child and the sensitivity of pathogens to antibiotics. Conclusion. Analysis of the literature revealed that the prevalence of acute odontogenic infectious and inflammatory processes of maxillofacial localization tends to increase and the solution to this issue should be in the plane of improving the known and developing new treatment methods including balance of surgical, drug and rehabilitation techniques

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Secretome for the Treatment of Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases: Latest Trends in Isolation, Content Optimization and Delivery Avenues

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1802
Author(s):  
Elena Munoz-Perez ◽  
Ainhoa Gonzalez-Pujana ◽  
Manoli Igartua ◽  
Edorta Santos-Vizcaino ◽  
Rosa Maria Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Stromal Cells ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

Considering the high prevalence and the complex pharmacological management of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), the search for new therapeutic approaches for their treatment is vital. Although the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been extensively studied as a potential therapy in this field, direct MSC implantation presents some limitations that could slow down the clinical translation. Since the beneficial effects of MSCs have been mainly attributed to their ability to secrete a plethora of bioactive factors, their secretome has been proposed as a new and promising pathway for the treatment of IMIDs. Formed from soluble factors and extracellular vesicles (EVs), the MSC-derived secretome has been proven to elicit immunomodulatory effects that control the inflammatory processes that occur in IMIDs. This article aims to review the available knowledge on the MSC secretome, evaluating the advances in this field in terms of its composition, production and application, as well as analyzing the pending challenges in the field. Moreover, the latest research involving secretome administration in IMIDs is discussed to provide an updated state-of-the-art for this field. Finally, novel secretome delivery alternatives are reviewed, paying special attention to hydrogel encapsulation as one of the most convenient and promising strategies.

Intra-arterial administration of drugs in the complex treatment of severe inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region

1980 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-49
Author(s):  
V. A. Bulkin
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Intensive Therapy ◽  
External Carotid Artery ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Complex Treatment ◽  
Maxillofacial Region ◽  
The Face ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

In the treatment of 54 patients with severe inflammatory processes of the maxillofacial region, the method of long-term catheterization of the external carotid artery through one of its branches was used to administer antibiotics and anticoagulants. The results obtained make it possible to recommend this technique for wide clinical use in the complex of intensive therapy for purulent processes of the face.

scholarly journals NEW ALGORITHMS OF DIAGNOSTICS OF HEAVY COMPLICATIONS OF ACUTE ODONTOGENIC INFECTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
Alexander Leonidovich Gromov ◽  
M. A Gubin ◽  
S. V Ivanov ◽  
D. S Tishkov
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Odontogenic Infection ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maxillofacial Region ◽  
Septic Complications ◽  
Critical States ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
New Algorithms

Introduction. At present, objective difficulties remain in the timely diagnosis and treatment of severe complications of acute odontogenic infection, including progressive odontogenic phlegmon, contact odontogenic mediastinitis, odontogenic sepsis. Goal. Develop an algorithm for diagnosis and treatment of severe inflammatory complications of acute odontogenic infection, taking into account the criteria of “Sepsis-3” and evaluate its effectiveness. Material and methods. To conduct a comparative evaluation of the results of the study, patients (311 people) were divided into 2 groups: a control group (247 people), in which diagnosis and treatment were performed using the criteria “Sepsis-1”, and the main group (64 people), diagnosis and treatment were performed with using the developed algorithm for diagnosis and treatment, which includes a number of additions to the criteria of “Sepsis-3” of the European Society of Critical States Medicine and the Society of Critical States Medicine (SCCM / ESICM). Results. Using the developed algorithm for diagnosis and treatment of patients with odontogenic inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial area allows to significantly increase the efficiency of early diagnosis of purulent-inflammatory processes in the maxillofacial region (by 5.7%), to reduce the number of severe septic complications (by 6.6%). Discussion. The application of the criteria “Sepsis-3” is not an effective method of early diagnosis of odontogenic sepsis. The conclusion. The conducted study confirmed the effectiveness of the developed algorithm for diagnosis and treatment of severe inflammatory complications of acute odontogenic infection, taking into account the criteria of “Sepsis-3”.

scholarly journals Hypersensitivity Reactions to Biologicals: an EAACI position paper

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevim Bavbek ◽  
Mauro Pagani ◽  
Emilio Alvarez-Cuesta ◽  
Mariana Castells ◽  
Adile Berna Dursun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmet Needs ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Position Paper ◽  
Hypersensitivity Reactions ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Lifetime Exposure ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Because of their selectivity, biologicals are crucial therapeutic agents in oncological, immunological, and inflammatory diseases and their use in clinical practice is broadening. Biologicals are among the most common drugs that can cause hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs), and this is primarily attributed to an explosion in new treatment options that has developed through personalized and precision medicine. Patients can develop HSRs to these agents during the first lifetime exposure or after repeated exposure. Despite its relatively high prevalence, the underlying mechanisms and optimal management of HSRs to biologicals remain incompletely explained. In this position paper, the authors provided evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of HSRs to biologicals. Additionally, the document defines unmet needs, which should be topics of future studies.

Clinical and anamnestic characteristics of patients with adenomyosis, accompanied by pelvic pain syndrome

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
M R Orazov ◽  
V E Radzinsky ◽  
M B Khamoshina ◽  
A O Dukhin ◽  
L R Toktar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Pain ◽  
Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Pelvic Pain Syndrome ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
History Of

Pelvic pain syndrome associated with adenomyosis is a common disease in women of reproductive age. Frequency of detection in the population varies from 10 to 53%. The aim - to study the clinical and anamnestic risk factors of pelvic pain, with adenomiose. Materials and methods. The study included 120 (n=120) patients with diffuse adenomyosis with pain and painless form of the disease who underwent examination and treatment in the gynecological Department of the Central clinical hospital №6 of Russian Railways in Moscow. Each patient was provided with an individual card, which was encrypted 171 sign. The studied parameters reflected the passport and anthropometric data, information about education, social status, presence of occupational hazards, complaints, illness. Results. Burdened gynecological and somatic histories, manifested a low health index, a more pronounced hereditary a family history of neoplastic diseases are contributing factors, and high prevalence of postponed surgeries, chronic, long-term ongoing inflammatory processes of the pelvic organs to create a favorable background for the further progression of chronic pelvic pain syndrome in adenomiose.

Antistaphylococcal activity of carbonic acid extract of hops

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-300
Author(s):  
V.V. Nevmerzhitsky ◽  
V.Yu. Ivannik ◽  
V.V. Kazmirchuk ◽  
T.N. Moiseenko ◽  
T.A. Volkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Antibacterial Drugs ◽  
Antistaphylococcal Activity ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Main Disadvantage

The fight against staphylococcal infection, increasing the effectiveness of methods of prevention and treatment of diseases of staphylococcal etiology is of interest to scientists and practitioners, both in Ukraine and around the world. The urgency of this problem is growing rapidly, as there is a tendency to increase the resistance of not only staphylococci, but also other gram-positive bacteria. The spread of methicillin-resistant staphylococci restricts the choice of antibiotics for the treatment of diseases of staphylococcal etiology. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common and dangerous type, which is one of the main factors of purulent-inflammatory lesions of the skin and mucous membranes. As a result of mutations, pathogenic staphylococci acquired resistance to antibacterial drugs. The main disadvantage of modern antibiotics is their non-selectivity. As a result of mutations, pathogenic staphylococci acquired resistance to antibacterial drugs. The main disadvantage of modern antibiotics is their non-selectivity. One of the unique and promising medicinal plants, which contains a rich complex of biologically active substances (BAS), is common hops (Humulus lupulus L.). The complex of BAS (flavonoids, hormones, vitamins, bitter, phenolic compounds, essential oils) causes anti-inflammatory, bactericidal, hyposensitizing and analgesic action of hops. The purpose of this work is to determine the antistaphylococcal activity of the carbon dioxide extract of hops and to justify the development on its basis of new antimicrobial agents for the prevention and treatment of infectious and purulent-inflammatory diseases. The following methods were used: microbiological (method of diffusion into agar (well method)) and mathematical and statistical. The high antimicrobial activity of the carbon dioxide extract of hops has been established for museum test strains of the genus Staphylococcus. The results of the studies testify to the prospects of further study of the bactericidal properties of the extract of hops carbon dioxide with the aim of creating effective antimicrobial agents on its basis for the prevention and treatment of infectious and purulent-inflammatory diseases of staphylococcal etiology.

scholarly journals Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Inflammation: Proof of Concept Based on Two Illustrative Cytokines

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Kheirandish-Gozal ◽  
David Gozal
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Normal Body Mass Index ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Factor Α

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a markedly prevalent condition across the lifespan, particularly in overweight and obese individuals, which has been associated with an independent risk for neurocognitive, behavioral, and mood problems as well as cardiovascular and metabolic morbidities, ultimately fostering increases in overall mortality rates. In adult patients, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is the most frequent symptom leading to clinical referral for evaluation and treatment, but classic EDS features are less likely to be reported in children, particularly among those with normal body-mass index. The cumulative evidence collected over the last two decades supports a conceptual framework, whereby sleep-disordered breathing in general and more particularly OSAS should be viewed as low-grade chronic inflammatory diseases. Accordingly, it is assumed that a proportion of the morbid phenotypic signature in OSAS is causally explained by underlying inflammatory processes inducing end-organ dysfunction. Here, the published links between OSAS and systemic inflammation will be critically reviewed, with special focus on the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), since these constitute classical prototypes of the large spectrum of inflammatory molecules that have been explored in OSAS patients.

scholarly journals Mutant glucocorticoid receptor binding elements on the interleukin-6 promoter regulate dexamethasone effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Teng Chang ◽  
Ming-Yuan Hong ◽  
Chien-Liang Chen ◽  
Chi-Yuan Hwang ◽  
Cheng-Chieh Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Inducible Promoter ◽  
Transcriptional Factor ◽  
Factor Binding ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Nuclear Receptor Family ◽  
Specificity Protein ◽  
Receptor Family ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract Background Glucocorticoids (GCs) have been extensively used as essential modulators in clinical infectious and inflammatory diseases. The GC receptor (GR) is a transcription factor belonging to the nuclear receptor family that regulates anti-inflammatory processes and releases pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6. Results Five putative GR binding sites and other transcriptional factor binding sites were identified on theIL-6 promoter, and dexamethasone (DEX) was noted to reduce the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IL-6 production. Among mutant transcriptional factor binding sites, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), activator protein (AP)-1, and specificity protein (Sp)1–2 sites reduced basal and LPS-induced IL-6 promoter activities through various responses. The second GR binding site (GR2) was noted to play a crucial role in both basal and inducible promoter activities in LPS-induced inflammation. Conclusions We concluded that selective GR2 modulator might exert agonistic and antagonistic effects and could activate crucial signaling pathways during the LPS-stimulated inflammatory process.

scholarly journals Apoptosis and inflammation

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Haanen ◽  
I. Vermes
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Inflammatory Reaction ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Apoptotic Bodies ◽  
Accidental Injury ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

During the last few decades it has been recognized that cell death is not the consequence of accidental injury, but is the expression of a cell suicide programme. Kerr et al. (1972) introduced the term apoptosis. This form of cell death is under the influence of hormones, growth factors and cytokines, which depending upon the receptors present on the target cells, may activate a genetically controlled cell elimination process. During apoptosis the cell membrane remains intact and the cell breaks into apoptotic bodies, which are phagocytosed. Apoptosis, in contrast to necrosis, is not harmful to the host and does not induce any inflammatory reaction. The principal event that leads to inflammatory disease is cell damage, induced by chemical/physical injury, anoxia or starvation. Cell damage means leakage of cell contents into the adjacent tissues, resulting in the capillary transmigration of granulocytes to the injured tissue. The accumulation of neutrophils and release of enzymes and oxygen radicals enhances the inflammatory reaction. Until now there has been little research into the factors controlling the accumulation and the tissue load of granulocytes and their histotoxic products in inflammatory processes. Neutrophil apoptosis may represent an important event in the control of intlamtnation. It has been assumed that granulocytes disintegrate to apoptotic bodies before their fragments are removed by local macrophages. Removal of neutrophils from the inflammatory site without release of granule contents is of paramount importance for cessation of inflammation. In conclusion, apoptotic cell death plays an important role in inflammatory processes and in the resolution of inflammatory reactions. The facts known at present should stimulate further research into the role of neutrophil, eosinophil and macrophage apoptosis in inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Inflammatory Mechanisms Underlying Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and the Transition to Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 730
Author(s):  
Moritz Peiseler ◽  
Frank Tacke
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
End Stage

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a rising chronic liver disease and comprises a spectrum from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to end-stage cirrhosis and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The pathogenesis of NAFLD is multifactorial, but inflammation is considered the key element of disease progression. The liver harbors an abundance of resident immune cells, that in concert with recruited immune cells, orchestrate steatohepatitis. While inflammatory processes drive fibrosis and disease progression in NASH, fueling the ground for HCC development, immunity also exerts antitumor activities. Furthermore, immunotherapy is a promising new treatment of HCC, warranting a more detailed understanding of inflammatory mechanisms underlying the progression of NASH and transition to HCC. Novel methodologies such as single-cell sequencing, genetic fate mapping, and intravital microscopy have unraveled complex mechanisms behind immune-mediated liver injury. In this review, we highlight some of the emerging paradigms, including macrophage heterogeneity, contributions of nonclassical immune cells, the role of the adaptive immune system, interorgan crosstalk with adipose tissue and gut microbiota. Furthermore, we summarize recent advances in preclinical and clinical studies aimed at modulating the inflammatory cascade and discuss how these novel therapeutic avenues may help in preventing or combating NAFLD-associated HCC.

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