scholarly journals Pathological Changes In The Rats’ Eyes After The Administration Of Oil Machinery Fluid Through Stereotaxic Surgery

2021 ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Stereotaxic Surgery ◽  
Ocular Changes ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Control Sham ◽  
Observation Period

Purpose: To achieve a relationship between oil machinery fluid (OMF) and the damage this fluid produces in several eye structures. In neuro-oncology patients, we know there are several parasellar tumors; one of them is the craniopharyngiomas that can produce a cystic structure containing an oily material. It has been denominated as an oil machinery fluid (OMF); this fluid has not yet been widely studied. It is a widely held view that it produces toxic effects in the brain and other structures. This paper aims to see the toxicity of the OMF when administered directly in the brain and the changes produced in the rats’ eyes. Methods: 30 Wistar rats were divided into three groups, control, sham and experimental; the oil machinery fluid was obtained directly from human patients during surgery. The oil machinery fluid was administered to the rat thalamus by stereotaxic surgery. The subjects were under observation after the surgery for five weeks and sacrificed once the observation period ended. Finally, immunohistochemistry was performed on tissue recovered from the eyes. Results: We observed that in the experimental group, there was an increase in glucose levels, the coloration of the eyes changed to a pinkish color, the lenses changed opacity, there were histological changes in the retina, and a reduction of the diameter of the optic nerve in this group in comparison with the control group. Conclusions: All the results observed in this model can be seen in human patients with craniopharyngiomas and diabetes. They are leading us to think that the oil machinery fluid alone can produce ocular changes by damaging several structures by the toxicity created by this fluid.

scholarly journals Expression of NMDA receptor and microRNA-219 in rats submitted to cerebral ischemia associated with alcoholism

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane Iozzi Silva ◽  
Paulo Cézar Novais ◽  
Andressa Romualdo Rodrigues ◽  
Camila A.M. Carvalho ◽  
Benedicto Oscar Colli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Lower Expression ◽  
Control Sham

ABSTRACT Alcohol consumption aggravates injuries caused by ischemia. Many molecular mechanisms are involved in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia, including neurotransmitter expression, which is regulated by microRNAs. Objective: To evaluate the microRNA-219 and NMDA expression in brain tissue and blood of animals subjected to cerebral ischemia associated with alcoholism. Methods: Fifty Wistar rats were divided into groups: control, sham, ischemic, alcoholic, and ischemic plus alcoholic. The expression of microRNA-219 and NMDA were analyzed by real-time PCR. Results: When compared to the control group, the microRNA-219 in brain tissue was less expressed in the ischemic, alcoholic, and ischemic plus alcoholic groups. In the blood, this microRNA had lower expression in alcoholic and ischemic plus alcoholic groups. In the brain tissue the NMDA gene expression was greater in the ischemic, alcoholic, and ischemic plus alcoholic groups. Conclusion: A possible modulation of NMDA by microRNA-219 was observed with an inverse correlation between them.

scholarly journals Influence of an Implant Fixture Including a Freely Removable Micro-Locking Implant Prosthesis on Peri-Implant Tissues and Implant Prostheses: A Prospective Clinical Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 3321
Author(s):  
Young-Gun Shin ◽  
Won-Tak Cho ◽  
Ho-Kyung Lim ◽  
Su-Hyun Hwang ◽  
Ji-Hyeon Bae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Prospective Clinical Study ◽  
Food Impaction ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
The One ◽  
Implant System ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Observation Period

This prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical usefulness of a newly developed one-piece, screw-free, and micro-locking implant system, which was designed to overcome the shortcomings of the existing implant systems. Thirty-eight patients were recruited and randomly and equally assigned to an experimental group (micro-locking one-piece fixture, MLF; n = 19) or a control group (micro-locking abutment, MLA). Cumulative implant survival rates, marginal bone resorptions, probing depths, plaque indices, bleeding indices, and complications were obtained by using clinical and radiographic findings at 6 months and 12 months after prosthesis placement. Complications that occurred multiple times for single implants were counted. During the 12 month observation period, survival rates were 100% in both groups. No significant intergroup differences were observed for marginal bone resorption, probe depth, or bleeding index. However, mean plaque index was significantly lower in the MLF group at 12 months (p < 0.05). During the 12-month observation period, food impaction (26.3%) was the maincomplication in the MLF group and screw loosening (5.3%), prosthesis detachment (5.3%), and food impaction (5.3%) were observed in the MLA group. The results of this study suggest that the one-piece micro-locking implant system offers a predictable treatment method.

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF ABHRAK BHASM IN WISTAR RATS

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Amita Singh ◽  
Raj Kumar ◽  
S. K. Kannaujia ◽  
Manikrishna Manikrishna ◽  
N. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies ◽  
The Brain

Abhrak bhasma (AB) is a type of bhasma prepared from repeated incineration of mineral mica with decoctions of about 72 herbs. The particle size of Abhrak bhasm has been shown to be in the range of 29-88 nanometers and Fe, Ca, Si, Mg and K are found to be as major constituent. Many drugs developed to treat Central Nervous System (CNS) disorders are unable to reach the brain parenchyma in therapeutically relevant concentrations. The blood brain barrier protects brain parenchyma from the uctuation of plasma composition, from pathogenic agents and maintains homeostasis of the brain parenchyma by restricting non-specic ux of ions, peptides, proteins and even cells into and out the brain. Immunohistochemistry is being widely employed as a tool for biological studies. This study is conducted to examine the change in the continuity of Blood brain barrier by using immunohistochemistry, once Abhrak bhasm drug is given in experimental animal and also to examine the histology of organs. In this study a total of 30 adult albino Wistar rats of approximately 4 months age (approx. 150-200 gms) of either sex selected randomly to see the effect of Abhrak bhasm, an ayurvedic drug on Wistar rats. The rats were weighed, marked and divided into 5 groups each consisting of six animals. In normal control group (Group E), no drug was administered and in rest of the four treated groups (Group-A,B,C,D), Abhrak bhasm @ 36 mg/kg B.wt. was administered orally once in each rat. Brain, liver, kidneys,spleen and blood samples were collected in 10% formalin solution after euthanizing the rats at 0.5,2,6 & 12 hours of Abhrak bhasma drug intervention. The alterations in any of the biochemical parameters are within the tolerable limits of liver and kidney since the dose of abhrak bhasm did not affect liver and kidneys. In the present study, the increase in ALP level may be the result of alterations in metabolisms that occurred without any signicant alteration in histology of liver. After applying the immunohistochemistry with the research markers GFAP, CD 34, S 100, GLUT-1 and RECA-1 on the rats in groups A,B,C and D, there was no change in the intensity of immunohistochemistry, with respect to control. While on applying the Occludin, the intensity of immunohistochemistry was reduced in all the treatment groups as compared to the control group. On the basis of ndings of present study it can be concluded that the therapeutic dose of Abhrak bhasma causes changes at the level of tight junctions present in blood brain barrier in rats which is shown by immunohistochemistry with occludin research marker. There is no toxic effect of drug on different organs of rats as no signicant changes in histology of organs are seen. More studies need to be done to check the permeability of blood brain barrier for Abhrak bhasma drug, like calculating its concentration in brain tissues and other vital organs of rat.

scholarly journals Effects of Yoga on Sleep Quality, Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Blood Glucose Levels Among Tertiary Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Periodic State ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Larger Sample

Sleep is defined as an easily reversible periodic state marked by the absence of wakefulness. Studies have shown that university students tend to have a diminished amount of sleep. This would lead to the loss of concentration, daytime sleepiness, and reduced academic performances. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of yoga on overall sleep quality, depression, anxiety, stress, and blood glucose levels. A total of 88 participants with 44 students in each group, control and experimental, were recruited from Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman based on the outcome of the Godin Shephard questionnaire. A total score of less than 14 was considered mild hence falling into the control group while above 14 and had practiced yoga for a minimum of 6 weeks were placed in the experimental group. The participants were required to self-administer a set of questionnaires consisting of socio-demographic information, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire and Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scores. Three components of sleep, namely the habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, and daytime dysfunctions, were better in the experimental group compared to the control one. Depression, anxiety, stress, and blood glucose levels also appeared to be more desirable in the experimental group with yoga students. It was found that blood glucose levels were positively correlated to the Global PSQI score, depression, anxiety, and stress measures in this study. In conclusion, yoga-practicing students have healthier sleep patterns, negative emotional states, and blood glucose levels. In order to obtain more conclusive findings, similar studies should be carried out in different universities with larger sample size and for longer periods.

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF AMLA JUICE IN REDUCING BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL AMONG PATIENTS WITH TYPE II DIABETES IN A SELECTED AREA OF KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mrs. Vanitha. S s ◽  
Dr. Pramjit kaur
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Experimental Group

Challenges in lifestyle, such as increasesin energy intake and decreasesin physical activity are causing overweight and obesity leading to epidemic increases in type II Diabetes Mellitus. The research approach used for this study was evaluative approach and the research design was true experimental design. 60 patients with type II diabetes, 30 in experimental group and 30 in control group were selected for this study by using purposive sampling technique. Data was collected with the help of self-structured interview schedule. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (chi-square, paired ‘t’ test) were used to analyse the data and to test the hypotheses. In the experimental group,the pre-test mean score was 2.966, mean percentage was 59% and standard deviation was 1.129 and in post-testmean score was 2.533, mean percentage was 50.66% and standard deviation was 1.074 with effectiveness of 8.34% and paired‘t’ test value of t=3.971,which was statistically significant (p<0.05) which is an evidence ofthe effectiveness of Amla juice in reducing blood glucose level. Comparison of blood glucose levels in experimental and control groups, shows that the value is statistically highly significant, as was observed from the unpaired ‘t’ test value of 13.39 with P value of <0.05, which is an evidence indicatingthe effect of Amla juice in reducing postprandial blood glucose levels. The resultsfound that the administration of Amla juice did have aneffect in reducing blood glucose level in the experimental group. By comparing the findings of pre-test and post test between the experimental group and the control group,the effect was identified (assessed). The study concluded that the Amlajuice is effective in reducing blood glucose level.

scholarly journals Implications of Aerobic Exercises and Walking Parallel to Diabetes Medications on Diabetic Sportspersons

2021 ◽  
pp. 197-204
Author(s):  
Fehmida Ayub ◽  
Abida Naseer ◽  
Saeed Javed ◽  
Adnan Asghar ◽  
Abd Rahim Mohd Shariff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Spare Time ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective: Diabetes have a central contribution with type I or type II towards the healthy lifestyles of sportspersons. Aerobic exercise and daily walking stay them fit and control their glucose levels in their bloodstream. The aim of this study was to find out the effects of aerobic exercises and walk on the sportspersons of type I and II diabetes. Methodology: The existing research has experimental design itself wherein pre-tests and post-tests were employed to make sure the novelty of results. The data was collected from the diabetic sportspersons dividing them equally into control group (N-20) and experimental group (N-20). Both groups had type I (N-20) and type II (N-20) diabetic individuals. Aerobic exercise and walk protocol was applied for six weeks on experimental group, whereas, control group continued their routine activities. Afterwards, the data was collected through pre and post treatments and edited into SPSS (v-26). The collected data was analyzed through descriptive statistics using frequencies and percentages, whereas, T-test was applied to make the differences of pre and post treatments. Results: The findings has shown that aerobic exercises and walk decrease the higher levels of glucose in blood and enable to stable glycemic balance, weight loss maintenance, decrease insulin resistance, blood pressure decrease, and blood glucose control. Conclusion: The prominent differences were observed between control and experimental groups either type I or type II. It was concluded that the sportspersons may reduce the excessive glucose engaging in aerobic exercises and walk on daily basis rather than using medications. They should spend their happy lives and get rid of medications and insulin through spending their spare time using light exercises and maintain their glucose levels in blood as well.

scholarly journals Redox and essential metal status in the brain of Wistar rats acutely exposed to a cadmium and lead mixture

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-204
Author(s):  
Dragana Javorac ◽  
Aleksandra Buha Đorđević ◽  
Milena Anđelković ◽  
Simona Tatović ◽  
Katarina Baralić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Essential Metal ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractMost Pb and Cd neurotoxicity studies investigate exposure to either of the toxic metals alone, while data on co-exposure are scarce. The aim of our study was to fill that gap by investigating acute combined effects of Pb and Cd on redox and essential metal status in the brain of Wistar rats. Animals were randomised in four groups of six to eight rats, which received 15 or 30 mg/kg of Cd, 150 mg/kg of Pb, or 150 mg/kg of Pb + 15 mg/kg of Cd by gavage. The fifth, control, group received distilled water only. Co-treatment with Pb and Cd induced significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) compared to control and groups receiving either metal alone. This is of special importance, as MDA presence in the brain has been implicated in many neurodegenerative disorders. The groups did not significantly differ in Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe brain levels. Our findings highlight the importance of metal mixture studies. Neurotoxicity assessments of single chemicals do not provide a real insight into exposure to mixtures in real life. Further research should look into interactions between these metals to reveal complex molecular mechanisms of their neurotoxicity.

scholarly journals Bisphosphonate’s Effect on Tongue Mucosa: An Experimental Electron Microscopy Study

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Theodora Papamitsou ◽  
Antonios Morsi-Yeroyannis ◽  
Anastasios Papanastasiou ◽  
Nikolaos Bakalopoulos ◽  
Eva-Maria Dietrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Intercellular Space ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Electron Microscopy Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Experimental Group

Background and objectives: Bisphosphonates (BPs) are selective inhibitors of osteoclasts, used for the treatment of bone disorders. The objective of this study is to investigate the possible effects of BPs on the tongue’s mucosa. Materials and Methods: Specimens of the tongue of 20 female 12-month old Wistar rats were taken. Ten were used as control group, while in the remaining alendronate (Fosamax, Merck) was administered per os from 13 weeks. Observation of the harvested samples was made by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Results: In the experimental group, focal alterations were observed to various extent in all specimens. The basement membrane was intact. Furthermore, an increase at the intercellular space was observed, predominantly at the middle layer, and the desmosomes were disorganized. In the lamina propria focal edema was observed. Conclusions: Investigation on the effect of BPs on the tongue’s mucosa through TEM hasn’t been documented in the past. According to our results, BPs seem to cause mild mucosal lesions on the tongue.

The effects of nanofatty acids on the nervous system

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1831-1835
Author(s):  
Wei Hao ◽  
Cuiui Wang ◽  
Jia Song ◽  
Ping Zhao ◽  
Gang Li
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Homogenate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Malondialdehyde Content ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Plasma Malondialdehyde ◽  
Total Superoxide Dismutase

To investigate the effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids (nanofatty acids) on the nervous system, 90 clean female mice aged 3?5 weeks old were randomly divided into two groups (n = 45). The experimental group was injected with nanofatty acids once every other day for a total of three times, while the control group was injected with the same volume of normal saline. The behavior, weight, plasma, malondialdehyde content in the brain homogenate, and total superoxide disodium alcohol were assessed after the treatments. Mice treated with nanofatty acid were easily provoked, hyperactive, and had significantly reduced body weight as compared to the control mice (P <0.05). These findings suggest that polyunsaturated fatty acid can reduce the levels of lipid peroxidation and the activity of total superoxide dismutase in mice. Our results suggest that nanofatty acid exposure has a protect effect on the nervous system.

scholarly journals The Effect of Brain Gym on the Learning Concentration of Student in STIKES NU Tuban

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Hyan Oktodia Basuki ◽  
Hanim Nur Faizah
Keyword(s):  
Student Learning ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Working Ability ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Brain Gym ◽  
Implementation Time ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Experimental Group

Introduction: Concentration is an important aspect for a person in achieving learning and is related to the working ability of the brain. Maximum brain performance increases concentration, so that changes in parts of the brain also occur so there will be a decrease in the level of concentration. Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the influence of the brain gym on student learning at STIKES NU Tuban. Method: The design of this study was Quasy Experimental by designing a pretest-posttest with a control group. The sample uses a systematic random sampling taken by 26 respondents (13 experimental group respondents and 13 control group respondents). Data collection using a questionnaire. Analysis using the Mann Whitney test. Results: Asymp results were obtained. Sig. = 0,000 which means the help of the composition of brain gym for the concentration of student learning. Discussion: Giving brain gym intervention as an ice breaker can make a good contribution to the concentration of student learning. Brain gym can be applied to students, just before the lesson starts or in the middle of the lesson, and the implementation time is approximately 10-15 minutes.

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