HEXANE SOLUBLE BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS OF Chenopodium murale STEM

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-432
Author(s):  
Syeda Fakehha Naqvi ◽  
Iqra Haider Khan ◽  
Arshad Javaid
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
The Road ◽  
Chenopodium Murale ◽  
Tridecanoic Acid ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Benzenedicarboxylic Acid ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Tetracosanoic Acid

Chenopodium murale L. is a common winter weed mostly growing along the road-sides. In the present study, n-hexane soluble fraction of methanolic stem extract of this weed was subjected to GC-MS analysis that showed the presence of 28 compounds in this fraction. Major compounds included oleic acid (16.55%), palmitic acid (11.22%), β-sitosterol (9.63%), hexadecanoic acid (7.71%) and methyl oleate (5.90%). Other prominent compounds were piperine (4.75%), nonacosane (4.69%), monoplalmitin (4.21%), γ-sitosterol (3.91%), methyl linoleate (3.88%), neocurdione (3.86%) and ethanonone (3.25%). The compounds such as stigmasterol (2.92%), 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (2.78%), tetracosanoic acid (1.19%), stearic acid (1.36%), tridecanoic acid (1.35%), tridecanal (1.30%), phytol (1.29%), docosanoic acid, methyl ester (1.23%), octadecanoic acid (1.20%), 4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid (1.05%), 2-hydroxy-2-phenylbutanamide (0.91%), hexacosanoic acid (0.76%), cholestrol (0.61%), methyl octacosanoate (0.55%) and tetracosanoic acid (0.30%) were present in low concentrations. A thorough literature survey showed that most of the identified compounds possessed antifungal and/or antibacterial properties while very few of them also possessed antioxidant potential. This study concludes that n-hexane soluble fraction of methanolic stem extract of C. murale is a big storehouse of antimicrobial compounds.

Fractionation of Rubber

1941 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
George F. Bloomfield ◽  
Ernest Harold Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Major Fraction ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Fractional Dissolution ◽  
Judicious Choice ◽  
Hydrocarbon Molecules ◽  
Soluble Fractions

Abstract Latex rubber which has been purified to the point at which it contains an insignificant amount of nitrogen can be separated by fractional dissolution in a mixture of petroleum and acetone into a series of hydrocarbon fractions of decreasing solubility and increasing molecular magnitude. All these fractions except the highest are soluble in petroleum and in benzene. Crepe rubber, on the other hand, appears invariably to contain a small, most-soluble fraction of oxygenated rubber, and a small similar quite insoluble fraction of material of high molecular weight. Between these extremes the rubber can be divided into fractions of increasing molecular weight, although, up to the present, about 70 per cent of the total rubber has appeared in a single fraction. It may be possible later, by judicious choice of another pair of solvents, to resolve this major fraction into a series of subfractions. Kemp and Peters refer to the effect of polar nonsolvents in reducing the viscosity of rubber solutions and also in assisting to bring gel rubber into solution, phenomena to which the polar molecules conceivably contribute by countering the forces of association between the rubber molecules. The present series of fractionations was conducted throughout in the presence of a polar nonsolvent (acetone), and hence may be considered to approach towards a separation of true rubber molecules as distinct from molecular aggregates. It is found, however, that, whereas the more soluble fractions of acetone-extracted crepe rubber contain small proportions of nitrogen, the least soluble fractions contain substantial proportions. Any effect which the nitrogenous material may have in assisting to link together hydrocarbon molecules to which it is attached, i. e., in contributing to the high-molecular condition of a portion of natural rubber, remains at present uncertain in character. The fractions of rubber, and especially the higher ones, show a strong tendency to become insoluble when they have once been freed from the last traces of solvent. It seems doubtful whether the decreased solubility is due to oxygen as it would require to be effective at exceedingly low concentrations.

scholarly journals Considerable Variation of Antibacterial Activity of Cu Nanoparticles Suspensions Depending on the Storage Time, Dispersive Medium, and Particle Sizes

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga V. Zakharova ◽  
Anna Yu. Godymchuk ◽  
Alexander A. Gusev ◽  
Svyatoslav I. Gulchenko ◽  
Inna A. Vasyukova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storage Time ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Physiological Solution ◽  
Cu Nanoparticles ◽  
E Coli ◽  
New Class ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Nanoparticle Suspensions ◽  
Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate ◽  
Average Size

Suspensions of Cu nanoparticles are promising for creating the new class of alternative antimicrobial products. In this study we examined copper nanoparticles of various sizes obtained by the method of wire electric explosion: nanopowder average size 50 nm (Cu 50) and 100 nm (Cu 100). The paper presents the complex study of the influence of physicochemical properties such as particle size and concentration of the freshly prepared and 24-hour suspensions of Cu nanoparticles in distilled water and physiological solution upon their toxicity to bacteriaE. coliM-17. Ionic solution of Cu2+and sodium dichloroisocyanurate was used for comparison study. It has been shown that decrease in the nanoparticle size leads to changes in the correlation between toxicity and concentration as toxicity peaks are observed at low concentrations (0.0001⋯0.01 mg/L). It has been observed that antibacterial properties of Cu 50 nanoparticle suspensions are ceased after 24-hour storage, while for Cu 100 suspensions no correlation between antibacterial properties and storage time has been noted. Cu 100 nanoparticle suspensions at 10 mg/L concentration display higher toxicity at substituting physiological solution for water than Cu 50 suspensions. Dependence of the toxicity on the mean particle aggregates size in suspension was not revealed.

scholarly journals Characterization and Antibacterial Properties of Metal Borates Vectorized As Ceramic Glaze Additives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osman Aguş ◽  
Osman Arslan ◽  
YÜKSEL ABALI
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Zinc Borate ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Time Parameters ◽  
Temperature Time ◽  
Metal Borate

Abstract Metal borate nanoparticles Silver (Ag), copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) were produced for a novel boron containing antibacterial ceramic applications. Different concentration, temperature, time parameters were varied for obtaining hierarchical metal borate embedded formulations. Synthesized nanostructures showed interesting crystalline and optical properties since temperature and concentration adjustments provided correlated shape and surface properties. Chemical analysis and crystallinity of both copper and silver formulations were defined using XRD and confirmed that temperature plays a deep role on the production of nanostructures. XPS analysis together with TEM investigations comprehensively provided all atomic compositions with their corresponding energy values in survey and high resolution region. Morphology and atomic purity was analyzed using EDX and SEM measurements revealed the morphological orientation of the nanostructures without other impurities. FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy provided optical information about the obtained metal borate nanoparticles. Finally metal borate nanoparticles were utilized for 1x1 cm ceramic glazing samples for antibacterial applications. Silver borate nanoparticles were found to be more active in low concentrations than copper and zinc borate structures after the antibacterial test results were unveiled against to gram positive and gram negative microorganisms.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Selenium Nanoparticles-Lysozyme Nanohybrid System with Synergistic Antibacterial Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa Vahdati ◽  
Tahereh Tohidi Moghadam
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Complex Form ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Selenium Nanoparticles ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Very High

AbstractIn the light of promising potency of selenium nanoparticles in biomedical applications, this is the first study to report the synergistic antibacterial activity of these nanoparticles and lysozyme. The nanohybrid system was prepared with various concentrations of each component. Resistance of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was compared in the presence of individual Nano and Bio counterparts as well as the nanohybrid system. Upon interaction of SeNPs with Lysozyme, the nanohybrid system efficiently enhanced the antibacterial activity compared to the protein. Therefore, SeNPs play an important role in inhibition of bacterial growth at very low concentrations of protein; whereas very high amount of the protein is required to inhibit bacterial growth individually. On the other hand, lysozyme has also played a vital role in antibacterial property of SeNPs, inducing 100% inhibition at very low concentration of each component. Hence, presence of both nano and bio counterparts induced vital interplay in the Nanohybrid system. The aged samples also presented good stability of SeNPs both as the intact and complex form. Results of this effort highlight design of nanohybrid systems with synergistic antibacterial properties to overcome the emerging antibiotic resistance as well as to define fruitful applications in biomedicine and food safety.

Antibacterial Properties among Different Concentration of Bioactive Glasses

2019 ◽  
Vol 814 ◽  
pp. 349-353
Author(s):  
Tanawan Wanitwisutchai ◽  
Naruporn Monmaturapoj ◽  
Ratchapin Srisatjaluk ◽  
Kittitat Subannajui ◽  
Niwat Anuwongnukroh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Bioactive Glasses ◽  
Ph Changes ◽  
Constant Ph ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanowire

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial properties and pH changes of bioactive glasses and zinc oxide nanowire in different concentrations. Bioactive glasses (45S5 and 45S5F) were prepared in three concentrations of 10, 20, and 50 mg/ml and zinc oxide nanowire was prepared in 1 and 5 mg/ml concentrations. The materials were exposed to 500 ml brain heart infusion broth (BHI) with 1.5 x 107 of S.mutans and S.sanguinis separately. Antibacterial properties were tested indirectly by collecting 100 ml of each sample and transferred into a 96 well-plate. The optical density (OD) was evaluated using spectrophotometry at 630 nm at 24h and 48h. The pH changes were recorded. The data were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis tests. The result showed that the pH changes were significantly different in the Bioactive glass samples, while zinc oxide nanowire showed stable pH. Antibacterial activity against S.mutans was significant lower for 45S5 at 50 mg/ml, 45S5F and zinc oxide nanowire in all concentrations at 24 h. While in 48 h, 45S5, 45S5F and zinc oxide nanowire showed significant antibacterial activity in all concentration except 45S5F at 10 mg/ml. Antibacterial activity against S.sanguinis was significant for 45S5 and 45S5F at 20 and 50 mg/ml and zinc oxide nanowire in all concentration at 48h. It can be concluded that Bioactive glasses (45S5 and 45S5F) exhibited antibacterial properties and pH changes depending on its concentration, while zinc oxide nanowire exhibited antibacterial properties at low concentrations with a constant pH value.

scholarly journals Potensi Ekstrak Daun Dewandaru (Eugenia uniflora L.) Sebagai Pengendali Bakteri Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778 Penyebab Diare

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Putu Cindy Arista ◽  
Retno Kawuri ◽  
I.B. Gede Darmayasa
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Dodecanoic Acid ◽  
Hexadecanoic Acid ◽  
Eugenia Uniflora ◽  
Tridecanoic Acid ◽  
Benzenedicarboxylic Acid

Eugenia uniflora L. merupakan tanaman obat yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai obat diare. Eksplorasi senyawa antibakteri dari bahan alam dapat mengatasi berbagai penyakit infeksi yang tidak menimbulkan efek resistensi yang berat seperti penggunaan antibiotika. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui potensi ekstrak daun dewandaru sebagai pengendali bakteri Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778 penyebab diare dan mengetahui senyawa aktif yang terkandung dalam ekstrak daun dewandaru. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 7 perlakuan konsentrasi ekstrak daun dewandaru yaitu 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% (b/v), kontrol positif (amoxicillin), dan kontrol negatif (etanol). Penentuan daya hambat ekstrak daun dewandaru terhadap B. cereus ATCC 11778 ditandai dengan terbentuknya daerah bening disekitar kertas cakram menggunakan metode Kirby Baurer. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak etanol daun dewandaru pada konsentrasi tertinggi (5%) mampu menghasilkan diameter zona hambat sebesar 7,15 mm terhadap B. cereus ATCC 11778. Hasil uji fitokimia menunjukkan ekstrak daun dewandaru mengandung senyawa tannin, saponin, terpenoid, dan flavonoid. Analisis GCMS terhadap fraksi aktif ekstrak daun dewandaru (Fraksi II) menghasilkan sepuluh senyawa yang bersifat antibakteri. Ekstrak etanol daun dewandaru mampu menghambat pertumbuhan B. cereus ATCC 11778 secara in vitro. Konsentrasi ekstrak daun dewandaru 1% merupakan konsentrasi minimal sebagai antibakteri B. cereus ATCC 11778. Terdapat 10 senyawa aktif sebagai antibakteri B. cereus ATCC 11778 yang terkandung dalam ekstrak daun dewandaru, diantaranya Dodecanoic acid, Tridecanoic acid, Hexadecanoic acid, Octadecanoid acid, 8-Nitro-11-dodecanolide, Oxiraneoctanoic acid, Oxiraneoctanoic acid, 9-Octadecenoic acid, 9-Octadecenoic acid, dan 1.2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid.   Kata kunci: Antibakteri, Zona hambat, Senyawa Aktif.

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL AND OTHER BIOACTIVE CONSTITUENTS OF Cannabis sativus ROOTS FROM PAKISTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-368
Author(s):  
Arshad Javaid ◽  
Iqra Haider Khan ◽  
Malik F.H. Ferdosi
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Tetracosanoic Acid

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), a medicinal plant of family Cannabaceae, growing wildly in most of the rainfed areas of Punjab, Pakistan. In this study, phytochemical profile of methanolic extract of root was assessed through GC-MS analysis and various biologically active compounds were identified through literature survey. There were 14 compounds in the root extract. The most abundant compounds were γ-sitosterol (27.08%) and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, methyl ester (24.09%) and hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (21.81%). Other identified compounds were methyl stearate (5.51%), stigmasterol (5.12%), campesterol (4.19%), phenol, 2,2'-methylenebis[6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-(2.52%), 11-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester (2.10%), squalene (1.89%), β-amyrin (1.88%), eicosanoic acid, methyl ester (0.85%), tetracosanoic acid, methyl ester (0.88%), dronabinol (1.02%) and 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol (0.96%). Most of the identified compounds possess one or more biological activities viz. antitumor, antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and/or analgesic.

scholarly journals Bioactive Constituents of Shoot Extracts of Sisymbrium irio L. Against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. AKHTAR ◽  
A. JAVAID ◽  
M.Z. QURESHI
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Benzenedicarboxylic Acid ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Sisymbrium Irio

ABSTRACT: The present study was carried out to check the antifungal potential of Sisymbrium irio L. shoot extract against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae (FOC). In preliminary bioassays, different concentrations (1 to 5%) of leaf, stem and fruit extracts were evaluated against FOC. All the extracts were effective against the pathogen. However, the leaf extract was found the most effective causing 25-41% decrease in FOC biomass. The fractionation of methanolic leaf extract was done by two organic solvents namely n-hexane and chloroform. Different concentrations (1.56 to 200 mg mL-1) of these fractions were tested against FOC. The n-hexane and chloroform fractions showed inhibitory activity against the pathogen and resulted in 77-93% and 80-96% reduction in biomass of FOC, respectively. GC-MS analysis showed the presence of 24 compounds in n-hexane and 4 compounds in chloroform fraction. In n-hexane fraction, β-sitosterol (18.64%) was the most abundant compound followed by orotic acid, bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-, tert-butyldimethylsilyl ester (12.18%), 10-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester (7.90%) and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester (6.05%). Major compounds identified in chloroform fraction were 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester (50.82%) and di-n-octyl phthalate (33.00%). This study concludes that n-hexane and chloroform fractions of methanolic leaf extract of S. irio contain potent antifungal constituents for the management of FOC.

scholarly journals Comparison of the effects of zinc deprivation and actinomycin D on ribonucleic acid synthesis by stimulated lymphocytes

1975 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
J K Chesters
Keyword(s):  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
Uridine Incorporation ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Time Courses ◽  
Polymerase I ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. EDTA inhibited incorporation of [3H]uridine into RNA of lymphocytes, but did not decrease uptake into the cold-acid-soluble fraction of the cells. The inhibition by EDTA was largely reversible by simultaneous addition of Zn2+. 2. Low concentrations pf actinomycin D (3 ng/ml) added at the time of stimulation of the cells inhibited [3H]uridine incorporation into RNA, but concentrations of 50-100 ng/ml were required to produce the same degree of inhibition if addition of actinomycin D was delayed until just before the incorporation was measured. This difference in sensitivity did not reg within the cells. 3. When added immediately before phytohaemagglutinin, actinomycin D (3 ng/ml) and EDTA produced similar time-courses of inhibition of uridine incorporation. 4. Uridine incorporation at 32h was inhibited when actinomycin D (3 ng/ml) or EDTA was added just before stimulation of the cells, but was only slightly affected when they were added at 32h. At intermediate times the incorporation of uridine remained sensitive to addition of EDTA for longer than it was sensitive to actinomycin D. 5. Polyacrylamide-gel separation of RNA synthesized in EDTA-treated cultures in the presence or absence of added Zn2+ showed that lower availability of Zn2+ resulted in a decreased rate of transfer of radioactivity from 32S to 28S rRNA and decreased survival of 28S rRNA relative to 18S rRNA. 6. Close similarities have been shown to exist between the effects of EDTA and low concentrations of actinomycin D. Not all the effects of EDTA could be explained by postulating that Zn2+ was a constituent of RNA polymerase I, nor were the effects of actinomycin D readily explained by previously suggested mechanisms of action of this antibiotic.

A new methodology for simultaneous comparison and optimization between nanoparticles and their drug conjugates against various multidrug-resistant bacterial strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 149-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahson Jabbar Shaikh ◽  
Nargis Aman ◽  
Muhammad Arfat Yameen
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Time ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Gold And Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Drug Conjugates ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Specific Strain

AbstractBackgroundMultidrug-resistant bacteria are becoming more hazardous day by day for human health all over the world, and the scientific community is trying hard to resolve this issue by various approaches. One of the very common approaches is to bind drugs to nanoparticles and study enhanced antibacterial properties.ObjectiveTo compare simultaneously different types of nanoparticles, their concentration, bacterial strains and their incubation time intervals for each of the selected drug combination.MethodsWe have selected the most commonly used gold and silver nanoparticles and few examples from fluoroquinolone antibiotics to make their conjugates and study their efficacy against multidrug-resistant E. coli and S. aureus strains simultaneously, at different incubation time intervals and different concentration of nanoparticles.ResultsGold nanoparticle hybrids do not show any significant effect. Silver nanoparticle hybrids show far better results, even at extremely low concentrations.ConclusionsThis unique and simple approach allows us to know the exact time intervals and concentration required for each nanoparticle combination to control the growth for any specific strain. This approach can be extended to any set of nanoparticles, drugs and bacterial strains for comparative purposes.

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