A new methodology for simultaneous comparison and optimization between nanoparticles and their drug conjugates against various multidrug-resistant bacterial strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 149-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahson Jabbar Shaikh ◽  
Nargis Aman ◽  
Muhammad Arfat Yameen
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Time ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Gold And Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Drug Conjugates ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Specific Strain

AbstractBackgroundMultidrug-resistant bacteria are becoming more hazardous day by day for human health all over the world, and the scientific community is trying hard to resolve this issue by various approaches. One of the very common approaches is to bind drugs to nanoparticles and study enhanced antibacterial properties.ObjectiveTo compare simultaneously different types of nanoparticles, their concentration, bacterial strains and their incubation time intervals for each of the selected drug combination.MethodsWe have selected the most commonly used gold and silver nanoparticles and few examples from fluoroquinolone antibiotics to make their conjugates and study their efficacy against multidrug-resistant E. coli and S. aureus strains simultaneously, at different incubation time intervals and different concentration of nanoparticles.ResultsGold nanoparticle hybrids do not show any significant effect. Silver nanoparticle hybrids show far better results, even at extremely low concentrations.ConclusionsThis unique and simple approach allows us to know the exact time intervals and concentration required for each nanoparticle combination to control the growth for any specific strain. This approach can be extended to any set of nanoparticles, drugs and bacterial strains for comparative purposes.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Moroccan Zantaz Honey and the Influence of Its Physicochemical Parameters Using Chemometric Tools

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4675
Author(s):  
Youssef Elamine ◽  
Hamada Imtara ◽  
Maria Graça Miguel ◽  
Ofélia Anjos ◽  
Letícia M. Estevinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Atlas Mountains ◽  
Methyl Syringate ◽  
Chemometric Tools

The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria has prompted the development of alternative therapies, including the use of natural products with antibacterial properties. The antibacterial properties of Zantaz honey produced in the Moroccan Atlas Mountains against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated and analyzed using chemometric tools. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against S. aureus were the lowest (112.5 ± 54.5 mg/mL), revealing that this species was most sensitive to Zantaz honey. P. aeruginosa showed an intermediate sensitivity (MIC= 118.75 ± 51.9 mg/mL), while E. coli was the most resistant to treatment (MIC = 175 ± 61.2 mg/mL). Content of monosaccharides, certain minerals, and phenolic compounds correlated with antibacterial activity (p < 0.05). Principal component analysis of physicochemical characteristics and antibacterial activity indicated that the parameters most associated with antibacterial activity were color, acidity, and content of melanoidins, fructose, epicatechin, methyl syringate, 4-coumaric acid, and 3-coumaric acid.

scholarly journals The Synergistic Effect of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles and Phage ZCSE2 as a Novel Approach to Combat Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 678
Author(s):  
Abdallah S. Abdelsattar ◽  
Rana Nofal ◽  
Salsabil Makky ◽  
Anan Safwat ◽  
Amera Taha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Transmission Electron

The emergence and evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is considered a public health concern. Salmonella is one of the most common pathogens that cause high mortality and morbidity rates in humans, animals, and poultry annually. In this work, we developed a combination of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with bacteriophage (phage) as an antimicrobial agent to control microbial growth. The synthesized AgNPs with propolis were characterized by testing their color change from transparent to deep brown by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The phage ZCSE2 was found to be stable when combined with AgNPs. Both minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were evaluated for AgNPs, phage, and their combination. The results indicated that MIC and MBC values were equal to 23 µg/mL against Salmonella bacteria at a concentration of 107 CFU/mL. The combination of 0.4× MIC from AgNPs and phage with Multiplicity of Infection (MOI) 0.1 showed an inhibitory effect. This combination of AgNPs and phage offers a prospect of nanoparticles with significantly enhanced antibacterial properties and therapeutic performance.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Structure Elucidation, Antibacterial Activities, and Synergistic Effects of Novel Juglone and Naphthazarin Derivatives Against Clinical Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentin Duvauchelle ◽  
Chaimae Majdi ◽  
David Bénimélis ◽  
Catherine Dunyach-Remy ◽  
Patrick Meffre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria are a serious threat to human and global public health. Moreover, in recent years, very few antibiotics have been discovered and developed by pharmaceutical companies. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover and develop new antibacterial agents to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria. In this study, two novel series of juglone/naphthazarin derivatives (43 compounds) were synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial properties against various clinical and reference Gram-positive MSSA, clinical Gram-positive MRSA, and clinical and reference Gram-negative bacteria E. coli and P. aeruginosa. These strains are of clinical importance because they belong to ESKAPE pathogens. Compounds 3al, 5ag, and 3bg showed promising activity against clinical and reference MSSA (MIC: 1–8 µg/ml) and good efficacy against clinical MRSA (MIC: 2–8 µg/ml) strains. 5am and 3bm demonstrated better activity on both MSSA (MIC: 0.5 µg/ml) and MRSA (MIC: 2 µg/ml) strains. Their MICs were similar to those of cloxacillin against clinical MRSA strains. The synergistic effects of active compounds 3al, 5ag, 5am, 3bg, and 3bm were evaluated with reference antibiotics, and it was found that the antibiotic combination with 3bm efficiently enhanced the antimicrobial activity. Compound 3bm was found to restore the sensitivity of clinical MRSA to cloxacillin and enhanced the antibacterial activity of vancomycin when they were added together. In the presence of 3bm, the MIC values of vancomycin and cloxacillin were lowered up to 1/16th of the original MIC with an FIC index of 0.313. Moreover, compounds 3al, 5ag, 5am, 3bg, and 3bm did not present hemolytic activity on sheep red blood cells. In silico prediction of ADME profile parameter results for 3bm is promising and encouraging for further development.

scholarly journals Multidrug Resistant and Extensively Drug Resistant Bacteria: A Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silpi Basak ◽  
Priyanka Singh ◽  
Monali Rajurkar
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant

Background and Objective. Antimicrobial resistance is now a major challenge to clinicians for treating patients. Hence, this short term study was undertaken to detect the incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and pandrug-resistant (PDR) bacterial isolates in a tertiary care hospital.Material and Methods. The clinical samples were cultured and bacterial strains were identified in the department of microbiology. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of different bacterial isolates was studied to detect MDR, XDR, and PDR bacteria.Results. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of 1060 bacterial strains was studied. 393 (37.1%) bacterial strains were MDR, 146 (13.8%) strains were XDR, and no PDR was isolated. All (100%) Gram negative bacterial strains were sensitive to colistin whereas all (100%) Gram positive bacterial strains were sensitive to vancomycin.Conclusion. Close monitoring of MDR, XDR, or even PDR must be done by all clinical microbiology laboratories to implement effective measures to reduce the menace of antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Susceptibility Assessment of Multidrug Resistant Bacteria to Natural Products

Dose-Response ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 155932582093618
Author(s):  
Essam Hassan Mohamed ◽  
Youssef Saeed Alghamdi ◽  
Salama Mostafa Abdel-Hafez ◽  
Mohamed Mohamed Soliman ◽  
Saad H. Alotaibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis ◽  
Electron Microscope Analysis ◽  
Holothuria Atra ◽  
Scanning Electron

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of some natural compounds against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Methods: Forty-three bacterial strains were collected. Disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests were carried out for natural compounds including quercetin, Acacia nilotica, Syzygium aromaticum, and Holothuria atra. Scanning electron microscope analysis and bacterial DNA apoptosis assays were performed. Results: Staphylococcus aureus strains were resistant to imipenim, ampicillin, and penicillin. Most Escherichia coli strains were resistant to amoxicillin, clavulanat, and ampicillin. Finally, tigecycline was effective with Klebsiella pneumoniae and was resistant to all antibiotics. Only S aromaticum had an antibacterial effect on K pneumoniae. Most S aureus strains were sensitive to S aromaticum, A nilotica, and quercetin. All examined natural extracts had no effect on E coli. Holothuria atra had no effect on any of the strains tested. Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values for examined plants against S aureus were 6.25 to 12, 1.6 to 3.2, and 9.12 to 18.24 mg/mL, respectively. Syzygium aromaticum was active against K pneumoniae with an MIC of 12.5 mg/mL. Scanning electron microscope analysis performed after 24 and 48 hours of incubation showed bacterial strains with distorted shapes and severe cell wall damage. Syzygium aromaticum, quercetin, and A nilotica showed clear fragmentations of S aureus DNA. Conclusions: Current findings confirmed the beneficial effect of using natural products such as clove (S aromaticum), quercetin, and A nilotica as a promising therapy to overcome multidrug resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Antibacterial Efficacy of Halicin against Pathogenic Bacteria

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1480
Author(s):  
Rayan Y. Booq ◽  
Essam A. Tawfik ◽  
Haya A. Alfassam ◽  
Ahmed J. Alfahad ◽  
Essam J. Alyamani
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Drug ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a new technology that has been employed to screen and discover new drugs. Using AI, an anti-diabetic treatment (Halicin) was nominated and proven to have a unique antibacterial activity against several harmful bacterial strains, including multidrug-resistant bacteria. This study aims to explore the antibacterial effect of halicin and microbial susceptibility using the zone of inhibition and the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values while assessing the stability of stored halicin over a period of time with cost-effective and straightforward methods. Linear regression graphs were constructed, and the correlation coefficient was calculated. The new antibacterial agent was able to inhibit all tested gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains, but in different concentrations—including the A. baumannii multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolate. The MIC of halicin was found to be 16 μg/mL for S. aureus (ATCC BAA-977), 32 μg/mL for E. coli (ATCC 25922), 128 μg/mL for A. baumannii (ATCC BAA-747), and 256 μg/mL for MDR A. baumannii. Upon storage, the MICs were increased, suggesting instability of the drug after approximately a week of storage at 4 °C. MICs and zones of inhibition were found to be high (R = 0.90 to 0.98), suggesting that halicin has a promising antimicrobial activity and may be used as a wide-spectrum antibacterial drug. However, the drug’s pharmacokinetics have not been investigated, and further elucidation is needed.

scholarly journals Metabolic profiling and antibacterial activity of Eryngium pristis Cham. & Schltdl. - prospecting for its use in the treatment of bacterial infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 020-028
Author(s):  
Fernandes Laura Silva ◽  
da Costa Ygor Ferreira Garcia ◽  
de Bessa Martha Eunice ◽  
Ferreira Adriana Lucia Pires ◽  
do Amaral Corrêa José Otávio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
New Antibiotics

Morbidity and mortality of the infected patients by multidrug-resistant bacteria have increased, emphasizing the urgency of fight for the discovery of new innovative antibiotics. In this sense, natural products emerge as valuable sources of bioactive compounds. Among the biodiversity, Eryngium pristis Cham. & Schltdl. (Apiaceae Lindl.) is traditionally used to treat thrush and ulcers of throat and mouth, as diuretic and emmenagogue, but scarcely known as an antimicrobial agent. With this context in mind, the goals of this study were to investigate the metabolic profile and the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract (EE-Ep) and hexane (HF-Ep), dichloromethane (DF-Ep), ethyl acetate (EAF-Ep) and butanol (BF-Ep) fractions from E. pristis leaves. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was performed to stablish the metabolic profile and revealed the presence of 12 and 14 compounds in EAF-Ep and HF-Ep, respectively. β-selinene, spathulenol, globulol, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, α-amyrin, β-amyrin, and lupeol derivative were some of phytochemicals identified. The antibacterial activity was determined by Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) using the broth micro-dilution against eight ATCC® and five methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clinical strains. HF-Ep was the most effective (MIC ≤ 5,000 µg/µL), being active against the largest part of tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, including MRSA, with exception of Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027) and (ATCC 27853). These results suggest that E. pristis is a natural source of bioactive compounds for the search of new antibiotics which can be an interesting therapeutic approach to recover patients mainly infected by MRSA strains.

scholarly journals MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT AND EXTREMELY DRUG-RESISTANT BACTERIA: ARE WE FACING THE END OF THE ANTIBIOTIC ERA?

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.M. Rossolini
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

Antibiotics are one of the most significant advancements of modern medicine. They have changed the prognosis of several bacterial infections, and made possible advanced medical practices associated with a high risk of infectious complications. Unfortunately, antibiotics are affected by the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance, which jeopardizes their efficacy. In recent years, antibiotic discovery and development has been lagging, due to a lower appeal of this sector for the pharmaceutical industry, while antibiotic resistance has continued to evolve with the eventual emergence and dissemination of bacterial strains which are resistant to most available antibiotics and pose a major challenge to antimicrobial chemotherapy. This worrisome scenario, indicated as the “antibiotic resistance crisis”, has been acknowledged by Scientific Societies and Public Health Agencies, and is now gathering an increasing attention from the Media and Governments. This article reviews the antibiotic-resistant pathogens which currently pose major problems in terms of clinical and epidemiological impact, and briefly discuss future perspective in this field.

scholarly journals Hibiscus Acid and Chromatographic Fractions from Hibiscus Sabdariffa Calyces: Antimicrobial Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogenic Bacteria

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizbeth Anahí Portillo-Torres ◽  
Aurea Bernardino-Nicanor ◽  
Carlos Alberto Gómez-Aldapa ◽  
Simplicio González-Montiel ◽  
Esmeralda Rangel-Vargas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Violet ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Gel Chromatography ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Crystal Violet Assay

The anti-microbial properties of acetone extracts from Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces, fractions isolated by silica gel chromatography and hibiscus acid purified from some of these fractions and additionally identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mid-infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, were studied against both multidrug-resistant Salmonella strains and pathogenic Escherichia coli bacteria. Gel diffusion was used to determine the anti-microbial effects. The mode of action of hibiscus acid was determined by crystal violet assay. Hibiscus acid and 17 of the 25 chromatographic fractions obtained, displayed an anti-microbial effect against all bacterial strains tested. Hibiscus acid showed a greater anti-microbial effect than the acetone extract against most of the bacteria strains, while chromatographic fractions IX–XIV exerted the greatest anti-microbial effect against all bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the acetone extract was 7 mg/mL, and the minimum bactericidal concentration was 10 mg/mL, while the corresponding values for hibiscus acid were 4–7 and 7 mg/mL, respectively. The results of the crystal violet assay indicate that hibiscus acid alters membrane permeability. Hibiscus acid is a potential alternative to control multidrug-resistant bacteria. Due to its ready availability and easy extraction from H. sabdariffa, hibiscus acid is potentially useful in the food industries.

scholarly journals Antibacterial properties of Allium sativum L. against the most emerging multidrug-resistant bacteria and its synergy with antibiotics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Magryś ◽  
Alina Olender ◽  
Dorota Tchórzewska
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Study Results

AbstractGarlic has long been known as the most effective plant species in treatment of bacterial infections. Considering the vast potential of garlic as a source of antimicrobial drugs, this study is aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Allium sativum extracts and their interactions with selected antibiotics against drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant isolates of emerging bacterial pathogens that are frequently found in healthcare settings. As shown by the in vitro data obtained in this study, the whole Allium sativum extract inhibited the growth of a broad range of bacteria, including multidrug-resistant strains with bactericidal or bacteriostatic effects. Depending on the organism, the susceptibility to fresh garlic extract was comparable to the conventional antibiotic gentamycin. Since the combinations of fresh garlic extract with gentamycin and ciprofloxacin inhibited both the drug sensitive and MDR bacteria, in most cases showing a synergistic or insignificant relationship, the potential use of such combinations may be beneficial, especially in inhibiting drug-resistant pathogens. The study results indicate the possibility of using garlic as e.g. a supplement used during antibiotic therapy, which may increase the effectiveness of gentamicin and ciprofloxacin.

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