The Association between Zinc and Copper and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adults

Cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors increase the likelihood of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In Qatar, 24% of the total deaths are attributed to CVDs. Several nutritional disturbances have been linked to high risk of CVD. Many studies have discussed the effects of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) on CMR factors; however, evidence has been controversial. This investigated the association between CMR factors and the status of Zn, Cu, and Zn/Cu ratio. A total of 575 Qatari adults (≥18 years) were obtained from Qatar Biobank. Plasma levels of Zn and Cu were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Anthropometric data and CMR factors were determined using standard methods. Adjusted associations between minerals and CMR were estimated by logistic regression. The associations’ strength was tested using partial correlation. Zn was not strongly correlated (p-value˃0.01) or significantly associated with CMR factors and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Cu levels correlated positively with body mass index (BMI) (0.23; p˂0.001), pulse rate (PR) (0.18; p˂0.001), total cholesterol (0.13; p=0.01), and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) (0.27; p˂0.001); and negatively with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (−0.13; p=0.01). High Cu significantly decreased the risk of MetS (0.121; p˂0.001). Furthermore, Zn/Cu ratio positively correlated with waist circumference (0.13; p=0.01), systolic blood pressure (0.13; p˂0.01), and DBP (0.14; p˂0.01); and negatively with BMI (−0.19; p˂0.001), PR (−0.17; p˂0.001), and HDL (−0.27; p˂0.001). High Zn/Cu ratio increased the prevalence of low HDL (4.508; p˂0.001) and MetS (5.570; p˂0.01). These findings suggest that high Cu levels are associated with a protective effect on DBP, HDL, and MetS and that high plasma Zn/Cu ratio is associated with the risk of low HDL and MetS. We recommend future studies to focus on minerals status among abdominally obese and prediabetic subjects because of the probable link between low serum Zn and Cu and insulin resistance and CVD.

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The Association between Zinc and Copper Circulating Levels and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adults: A Study of Qatar Biobank Data

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13082729 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 2729

Author(s):

Abdelhamid Kerkadi ◽

Dana Samir Alkudsi ◽

Sara Hamad ◽

Hanan Mohamed Alkeldi ◽

Reem Salih ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

High Plasma ◽

High Density Lipoproteins ◽

P Value ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

The Status ◽

Low Hdl

Cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors increase the likelihood of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In Qatar, 24% of the total deaths are attributed to CVDs. Several nutritional disturbances have been linked to high risk of CVD. Many studies have discussed the effects of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) on CMR factors; however, evidence has been controversial. This investigated the association between CMR factors and the status of Zn and Cu, in addition to Zn/Cu ratio. A total of 575 Qatari men and women aged 18 years and older were obtained from Qatar Biobank. Plasma levels of Zn and Cu were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Anthropometric data and CMR factors were determined using standard methods. Adjusted associations between trace minerals and CMR were estimated by logistic regression. Partial correlation was performed to test the strength of the associations. Zn was not strongly correlated (p-value ˃ 0.01) or significantly associated with CMR factors and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Cu levels correlated positively with body mass index (BMI) (0.23; p ˂ 0.001), pulse rate (PR) (0.18; p ˂ 0.001), total cholesterol (0.13; p = 0.01), and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) (0.27; p ˂ 0.001); and negatively with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (−0.13; p = 0.01). High plasma Cu significantly decreased the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) (0.121; p ˂ 0.001). Furthermore, Zn/Cu ratio positively correlated with waist circumference (0.13; p = 0.01), systolic blood pressure (0.13; p ˂ 0.01), and DBP (0.14; p ˂ 0.01); and negatively with BMI (−0.19; p ˂ 0.001), PR (−0.17; p ˂ 0.001), and HDL (−0.27; p ˂ 0.001). High Zn/Cu ratio increased the prevalence of low HDL (4.508; p ˂ 0.001) and MetS (5.570; p ˂ 0.01). These findings suggest that high plasma Cu levels are associated with a protective effect on DBP, HDL and MetS and that high plasma Zn/Cu ratio is associated with the risk of having low HDL and MetS.

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Abstract P148: Neck Circumference as an Independent Contributor to Cardio Metabolic Risk Factors - ELSA BRASIL

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.131.suppl_1.p148 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Cristina P Baena ◽

Paulo A Lotufo ◽

Maria J Fonseca ◽

Isabela J Benseñor

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Primary Care ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Neck Circumference ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Risk ◽

Men And Women ◽

Low Hdl

Background: Neck circumference is a proxy for upper body fat and it is a simple anthropometric measure. Therefore it could be a useful tool to identify individuals with cardiometabolic risk factors in the context of primary care. Hypothesis: Neck circumference is independently associated to cardiometabolic risk factors in an apparently healthy population. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), a cohort of 15105 civil servants aged 35-74 years. We excluded from this analysis those who fulfilled American Diabetes Association criteria for diabetes diagnosis, were taking antihypertensive and/or lipid-lowering drugs. A sex-specific analysis was conducted. Partial correlation (age-adjusted) was used. Risk factors were set as low HDL<50mg/dL for women and <40mg/dL for men, hypertriglyceridemia ≥ 150 mg/dl , hypertension as systolic blood pressure ≥130 mg/dl or diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mm Hg and insulin resistance(HOMA-IR ≥ 75th percentile). Logistic regression models were built to analyze the association between individual and clustered risk factors as dependent variables and 1-SD increase in neck circumference as independent variable. Multiple adjustments were subsequently performed for age, smoking, alcohol, body-mass index, waist and physical activity. Receiver Operating Curves were employed to find the best NC cut-off points for clustered risk factors. Results: We analyzed 3810 men (mean age= 49.0 ±8.3 yrs) and 4916 women (49.2 ±8.0 yrs). Mean NC was 38.9 (±2.6)cm for men and 33.4(±2.6)cm for women. NC positively correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (r=0.21 and r=0.27), HOMA - IR (r=0.44), triglycerides (r=0.31) and negatively correlated with HDL (r= -0.21) in men (p<0.001 for all) with similar results in women. Fully adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) (95% CI) of risk factor per SD increase in neck circumference in men and women were 1.29(1.14;1.46) and 1.42(1.28;1.57) for insulin resistance; 1.24(1.11;1.39) and 1.25(1.11;1.40) for hypertension; 1.33(1.19;1.49) and 1.42(1.29;1.63) for hypertriglyceridemia; 1.07(0.92;1.23) and 1.32 (1.19;1.43) for low HDL. Fully adjusted OR (95% CI) of 2 clustered risk factor per SD increase in neck circumference in men and women were 1.29(1.14;1.48) and 1.37(1.21;1.54 ). Fully adjusted OR (95% CI) of 3 or more clustered risk factors per SD increase in neck circumference in men and women were 1.33 (1.02;1.74) and 1.62 (1.33;1.92). Values of neck circumference of >40 cm for men and >34.1 cm for women were the best cut-off points for 3 or more clustered risk factors. Conclusion: Neck circumference is significantly and independently associated to cardiometabolic risk factors in a well-defined non-treated population. It should be considered as a marker of cardio metabolic risk factors in primary care settings.

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Trace elements and rat pouchitis.

Acta Biochimica Polonica ◽

10.18388/abp.2012_2098 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 59 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sławomira Drzymała-Czyż ◽

Tomasz Banasiewicz ◽

Stanisław Walas ◽

Tomasz Kościński ◽

Ewa Wenska-Chyży ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Restorative Proctocolectomy ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Complete Removal ◽

Control Group ◽

Slight Reduction ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

The Status ◽

Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽

Inflammatory Changes

The procedure of restorative proctocolectomy is associated with a complete removal of the colon and slight reduction of ileum length, which together can lead to systemic shortages of trace elements. Inflammatory changes in the pouch mucosa may also have some impact. However, there is no data on trace elements in pouchitis. Therefore, in the present study we aimed to assess the effect of acute pouchitis on the status of selected trace elements in rats. Restorative proctocolectomy with the construction of intestinal J-pouch was performed in twenty-four Wistar rats. Three weeks after the surgery, pouchitis was induced. Eight untreated rats created the control group. Liver concentrations of selected micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Co, Mn, Se) were measured in both groups six weeks later, using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Liver concentrations of trace elements did not differ between the study and the control groups. However, copper, cobalt and selenium concentrations [μg/g] were statistically lower (p

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Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry determination of hepatic copper, manganese, selenium, and zinc concentrations in relation to sample amount and storage duration

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/1040638719894988 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 103-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Scott L. Radke ◽

Steve M. Ensley ◽

Stephanie L. Hansen

Keyword(s):

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Hepatic Tissue ◽

Trace Mineral ◽

Storage Duration ◽

Mineral Status ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Hepatic Copper ◽

Copper Manganese ◽

The Status

Trace mineral status is a critical component of bovine health. Impairment of physiological processes, caused by trace mineral toxicities or deficiencies, can be potential underlying factors of disease. Historically, the status of critical trace minerals, such as copper, manganese, selenium, and zinc, has been evaluated through the analysis of hepatic tissue. We assessed variation of these 4 elements between homogenized liver and samples of 0.02 g, 0.1 g, 0.5 g, and 1.0 g. We also evaluated concentration differences in copper, manganese, selenium, and zinc among samples stored under different durations. No differences in concentrations of copper, manganese, selenium, or zinc were observed among samples stored frozen for 3, 7, and 14 d post-collection. Statistical differences in concentrations of selenium and zinc were observed between 0.02-g biopsy samples and larger samples. Moisture content differed between 0.02-g biopsies and larger samples and over time. Results indicate that as little as 0.02 g of hepatic tissue dried to ~0.006 g is reliable for interpretation of trace mineral status and determination of toxicities and deficiencies in cattle pertaining to copper, manganese, selenium, and zinc, despite the small differences observed.

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Low to Moderate Arsenic Exposure May Not Increase the Risk of Incident Hypertension (P18-011-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz039.p18-011-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Janki Patel ◽

Liping Liu ◽

Shufa Du

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Salt Intake ◽

Arsenic Concentration ◽

Arsenic Exposure ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

Incident Hypertension ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

High Salt Intake

Abstract Objectives Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the world, and hypertension is the key modifiable risk factor. Risk factors for hypertension include high salt intake, obesity, stress, and environmental factors. Among environmental exposures, some studies suggest the possibility that arsenic plays a role in hypertension, but more evidence is needed to properly evaluate the association between arsenic exposure and hypertension. Methods We used a sub-cohort data from a longitudinal study, the China Health and Nutrition Survey. We followed up 2530 non-hypertensive participants aged 20–65 years old who had blood pressure data and toenail samples measured in 2009 through 2015. We measured blood pressure with sphygmomanometer and standard cuff and arsenic concentration in toenail samples by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). We used logistic regression models to estimate the association between arsenic quartiles and incident hypertension. Results The average arsenic concentration was 0.48 (±0.60) mg/kg and the median was 0.33 mg/kg. The incidence of hypertension was 24.4% during the six follow-up years, varying from 26.2% in the first (lowest) quartile to 21.6% in the fourth (highest) quartile. Compared to the first quartile, the relative risk (RR) was 0.98 (95% CI: 0.74–1.29), 0.97 (95% CI: 0.73–1.29), and 0.74 (95% CI: 0.55–0.99) from the second to the fourth quartile, respectively, controlled for age, gender, body mass index, and some other cofounders. Conclusions Low to moderate arsenic exposure might decrease the risk of hypertension. More research is needed to fully determine the effects of arsenic exposure on hypertension. Funding Sources The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (NICHD), NIH; The Fogarty International Center, NIH; Department of Nutrition & Carolina Population Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

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Normal-Weight Obesity Is Associated with Increased Cardiometabolic Risk in Young Adults

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12041106 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 1106 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

María Correa-Rodríguez ◽

Katherine González-Ruíz ◽

David Rincón-Pabón ◽

Mikel Izquierdo ◽

Antonio García-Hermoso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Young Adults ◽

Body Mass ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Large Population ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Low Hdl ◽

Normal Weight Obesity

Normal-weight obesity (NWO) has been shown to be associated with cardiometabolic dysfunction. However, little is known regarding this potential relationship in early adulthood. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between NWO and cardiometabolic risk factors in a large population of Colombian young adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1354 subjects (61% women), aged from 18 to 30. Anthropometric data, including body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), were estimated, and the percentage of fat mass was measured through bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Muscular fitness was determined by using a handgrip strength test and normalized grip strength (NGS = handgrip (kg)/body mass (kg)). A cardiometabolic risk Z-score was derived by assessing WC, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) cholesterol, fasting glucose, and systolic blood pressure. NWO was defined by the combination of excess %BF (over 25.5% for men and 38.9% for women) and a BMI < 25 kg/m2. The overall prevalence of NWO was 29.1%. Subjects with NWO have an increased risk of cardiometabolic risk compared to the normal-weight lean group (OR = 3.10). Moreover, NWO was associated with an increased risk of presenting low HDL-C (OR = 2.34), high abdominal obesity (OR = 7.27), and low NGS (OR = 3.30), p < 0.001. There is a high prevalence of NWO in American Latin young adults and this condition is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk, high blood pressure, low HDL-C, high abdominal obesity, and low muscular strength early in life. Screening for adiposity in subjects with a normal BMI could help to identify young adults at a high risk of cardiometabolic abnormalities.

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Feature Evolution During Sub 100NM Gap-Fill and Etch

Heat Transfer: Volume 3 ◽

10.1115/ht2005-72326 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

Hemant Mungekar ◽

Young S. Lee ◽

Shankar Venkataraman

Keyword(s):

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Scale Up ◽

High Plasma ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Positive Ions ◽

Aspect Ratios ◽

High Plasma Density ◽

Semiconductor Fabrication ◽

Wafer Size ◽

Feature Evolution

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) reactors are being used at low gas pressure (<100mTorr) and high plasma density ([e] > 1013/cm2) processes in semiconductor fabrication. In these reactors plasma is generated by inductively coupled electric field while positive ions are accelerated anisotropically by applying a negative bias RF to the substrate. Semiconductor manufacturers face many challenges as wafer size increases while device geometries decrease. Two key challenges for both process design and electronics processing equipment design are (a) scale up of process from 200mm to 300mm diameter substrate, and (b) deposition and etching features with high aspect ratios. A unified phenomenological model to explain profile evolution trend as a function of aspect ratio for deposition (gap fill) and trench etch using ICP reactors is presented. Trends for feature evolution as a function of pressure for gap fill and trench etch are reviewed and explained. The article emphasizes importance of low pressure for sub-100nm gap-fill and trench-etch applications in ICP processing reactors.

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Neonatal Lead (Pb) Exposure and DNA Methylation Profiles in Dried Bloodspots

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17186775 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (18) ◽

pp. 6775

Author(s):

Luke Montrose ◽

Jaclyn M. Goodrich ◽

Masako Morishita ◽

Joseph Kochmanski ◽

Zachary Klaver ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Methylation ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Housing Stock ◽

The United States ◽

P Value ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Cpg Sites ◽

Differentially Methylated Genes ◽

The World ◽

Pb Exposure

Lead (Pb) exposure remains a major concern in the United States (US) and around the world, even following the removal of Pb from gasoline and other products. Environmental Pb exposures from aging infrastructure and housing stock are of particular concern to pregnant women, children, and other vulnerable populations. Exposures during sensitive periods of development are known to influence epigenetic modifications which are thought to be one mechanism of the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) paradigm. To gain insights into early life Pb exposure-induced health risks, we leveraged neonatal dried bloodspots in a cohort of children from Michigan, US to examine associations between blood Pb levels and concomitant DNA methylation profiles (n = 96). DNA methylation analysis was conducted via the Infinium MethylationEPIC array and Pb levels were assessed via high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS). While at-birth Pb exposure levels were relatively low (average 0.78 µg/dL, maximum of 5.27 ug/dL), we identified associations between DNA methylation and Pb at 33 CpG sites, with the majority (82%) exhibiting reduced methylation with increasing Pb exposure (q < 0.2). Biological pathways related to development and neurological function were enriched amongst top differentially methylated genes by p-value. In addition to increases/decreases in methylation, we also demonstrate that Pb exposure is related to increased variability in DNA methylation at 16 CpG sites. More work is needed to assess the accuracy and precision of metals assessment using bloodspots, but this study highlights the utility of this unique resource to enhance environmental epigenetics research around the world.

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Reduced Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity and expression in LV myocardium of dogs with heart failure

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.00266.2002 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 284 (3) ◽

pp. H876-H883 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Sudhish Mishra ◽

Hani N. Sabbah ◽

Jinesh C. Jain ◽

Ramesh C. Gupta

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Protein Kinase ◽

Protein Level ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Protein Kinase Activity ◽

Dependent Protein Kinase ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

The Status ◽

Dependent Protein

Studies on the status of multifunctional Ca2+-calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase-II (CaMKII) in failing hearts are limited and controversial. The study was performed in the left ventricular (LV) myocardium of six dogs with heart failure (HF) (LV ejection fraction, 23 ± 2%) and six normal (NL) dogs. In the LV homogenate, CaMKII activity and its protein level were determined by using the CaMKII peptide and antibody, respectively. Furthermore, the protein level of CaM and phosphorylated phospholamban (PLB) at threonine-17 (PLB-Thr17) and serine-16 (PLB-Ser16) were also determined in the LV homogenate using a specific antibody. In addition, the level of zinc, which inhibits protein kinase A activity, was determined in the LV tissue by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. CaMKII activity and phosphorylated PLB-Thr17 and PLB-Ser16 levels, but not CaM and Zn levels, were significantly reduced in the LV homogenate of dogs with HF compared with NL dogs. These results suggest that CaMKII activity is reduced in the failing LV myocardium, and this abnormality is associated with reduced protein expression level of the enzyme but not due to changes in CaM and zinc levels. In conclusion, reduced CaMKII activity and phosphorylated PLB level may be partly responsible for impaired sarcoplasmic reticulum function in HF.

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Inequalities in cardiovascular risks among Swedish adolescents (ABIS): a prospective cohort study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030613 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. e030613

Author(s):

Pär Andersson White ◽

Johnny Ludvigsson ◽

Michael P Jones ◽

Tomas Faresjo

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Roc Curve ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Elevated Blood Pressure ◽

High Density Lipoproteins ◽

Elevated Blood ◽

Cardiovascular Risks ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Low Hdl

ObjectivesTo investigate if socioeconomic status (SES) is predictive of cardiovascular risk factors among Swedish adolescents. Identify the most important SES variable for the development of each cardiovascular risk factor. Investigate at what age SES inequality in overweight and obesity occurs.DesignLongitudinal follow-up of a prospective birth cohort.SettingAll Babies in Southeast Sweden (ABIS) study includes data from children born between October 1997 and October 1999 in five counties of south east Sweden.ParticipantsA regional ABIS-study subsample from three major cities of the region n=298 adolescents aged 16–18 years, and prospective data from the whole ABIS cohort for overweight and obesity status at the ages 2, 5, 8 and 12 years (n=2998–7925).Outcome measuresBlood pressure above the hypertension limit, overweight/obesity according to the International Obesity Task Force definition, low high-density lipoproteins (HDL) or borderline-high low-density lipoproteins according to National Cholesterol Education Program expert panel on cholesterol levels in children.ResultsFor three out of four cardiovascular risk outcomes (elevated blood pressure, low HDL and overweight/obesity), there were increased risk in one or more of the low SES groups (p<0.05). The best predictor was parental occupational class (Swedish socioeconomic classification index) for elevated blood pressure (area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve 0.623), maternal educational level for overweight (area under the ROC curve 0.641) and blue-collar city of residence for low HDL (area under the ROC curve 0.641). SES-related differences in overweight/obesity were found at age 2, 5 and 12 and for obesity at age 2, 5, 8 and 12 years (all p<0.05).ConclusionsEven in a welfare state like Sweden, SES inequalities in cardiovascular risks are evident already in childhood and adolescence. Intervention programmes to reduce cardiovascular risk based on social inequality should start early in life.

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