scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS TEST OF ABSORPTION CAPACITY OF ACTIVATED CHARCOAL BY IMMERSING H3PO4 AND GRAIN SIZE PALM OIL SHELLS ON INSTALLATION OF PEAT WATER TREATMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 383-389
Author(s):  
Diharyo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Water Contaminants

Peat water is one of the ground or surface water found in swampy and lowland peat areas, brownish red, high acidity, and has high organic content. Palm shells activated charcoal can be useful as a raw material for making activated carbon because it is very effective at absorbing organic content in peat water, testing the effectiveness of peat water treatment installation with activated arbons is one way to determine the adsorption power of activated charcoal against peat water contaminants. The aim of this study was to determine the absorption capacity of activated charcoal by immersing H3PO4 and grain size of mesh 200 palm oil shells through the effectiveness test of peat water treatment installation. The variables observed with the effectiveness test of peat water treatment installation were pH and iron content (Fe). Analysis of the data used is descriptive analysis that compares before and after treatment of peat water with activated carbon. From the measurement results of peat water parameters compared with the quality standards of the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 492 of 2010 concerning Drinking Water Quality. The results of testing the effectiveness of peat water installation with activated charcoal as a result of activation by immersion using Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4) with a grain size of palm shell charcoal of 200 mesh can improve the quality of peat water but do not meet clean water quality standards that are fit for drinking. An increase in peat water pH from 4.443 to 6.4 - 6.5, and a decrease in Fe content from 9.43 mg / l to 2.275 - 3.309 mg / l.

Electrochemical Preparation of CuZn Metallic Foams for Removing Water Contaminants

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 7374-7380
Author(s):  
G. Vourlias
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Metallic Foams ◽  
Reaction Parameters ◽  
Water Contaminants ◽  
Electrochemical Preparation ◽  
Precipitation Procedure ◽  
Cuzn Alloy ◽  
Deposition Mode ◽  
Cu And Zn

This study is focused on the preparation of metal (Cu, Zn) nanopowders by an electrochemical reduction/precipitation procedure, which provides the primary components for the development of CuZn alloy metallic foams. This well-controlledmethod allows straight forward control of the reaction parameters and the restriction of oxidation effects, while resulting in stable and small grain size metal nanopowders. Whether precipitation of Cu and Zn is held separately or in alternating deposition mode, the characteristics of synthesized nanopowders assist easier mixing, alloying and realization of metallic foams suitable for water treatment applications. CuZn alloy foams developed with this technique presented equivalent efficiency and lower corrosion and leaching rates compared to those prepared with commercial powder methods.

scholarly journals APLIKASI MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR (MBR) UNTUK PROSES DAUR ULANG AIR LIMBAH

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taty Hernaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Recycled Waste

The population is growing rapidly result to increased demand for drinking water while the other side of this situation causes to the increasing amount of wastewater. Waste water treatment plant has been built in several major cities in Indonesia to overcome the problem of pollution.  Wastewater treatment plant only treats wastewater to tackle environmental pollution without being able to overcome the shortage of clean water community. Therefore, to solve the existing problems will be considered any further processing with recycled waste water treatment. One technology that may be developed for this purpose is the system of Membrane Bioreactor (MBR). This has been widely applied as an advanced unit of wastewater treatment and serves as a unit of processing recycled waste water. The MBR system has advantages such as: it only takes a little bit of land, can treat wastewater with discharge varying quality and process wastewater with high pollutant removal efficiency. MBR were investigated using a membrane filter submerged in the reactor. Membrane module is hollow fiber with a form of polymeric membrane materials. Research has been done on wastewater treatment with a combination of conventional WWTP as preliminary and advanced processing unit with MBR since March 4, 2014 until June 2014. The effluent quality  of result research proved that  the treated water quality meets  water quality standards are set with  Permenkes RI N0.416/Menkes/Per/IX/1990, dated 3 September 1990. The nitrification and denitrification also proceed well so that the concentration of nitrite and nitrate meet the quality standards. In addition, the percentage removal of heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, selenium, lead) can reach 99%. Keywords: MBR, wastewater reuse, BOD5, COD, HRT dan SRT

scholarly journals Assessment of the Effluents of Basra City Main Water Treatment Plants for Drinking and Irrigation Purposes

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3334
Author(s):  
Suhad Almuktar ◽  
Ahmed Naseh Ahmed Hamdan ◽  
Miklas Scholz
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Water Contaminants ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
To Come

A severe water scarcity challenge is facing Iraq, which is predominantly due to the absence of water management policies, negatively impacting the water quantity and quality provision from the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Moreover, these practices have led to the intrusion of the Arabian Gulf salinity wedge into the Shatt Al-Arab River (SAR), which is the main water source for most water treatment plants (WTPs) in Basra city. In addition, the inadequate management and operation for most WTPs is another reason for the deterioration of water quality provided to Basra province. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of the main WTP within Basra province and to subsequently make recommendations for decision-makers to come up with new management strategies and policies. The effluents from eight WTPs were selected to study the quality of water supply for Basra city during the period between January 2018 and December 2018. The results showed that all WTPs were inadequate to treat raw water for drinking or irrigation purposes mainly due to the very bad raw water quality provided by the SAR as well as the lack of maintenance for such plants, resulting in very low removal efficiencies for various water contaminants.

Research on Yellow River Water Purification Using the Combined Process Containing Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyzed Ozone-Activated Carbon-Sand Filtration Treatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 374-377 ◽  
pp. 995-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Guang Liu ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Kai Li ◽  
Meng Meng Feng ◽  
Li Chao Han
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Sand Filtration ◽  
Filtration Process ◽  
Combined Process

By changing the hydrogen peroxide and ozone dosage,the best dosage of hydrogen peroxide to catalyzed ozone- activated carbon-sand filtration process in purify Yellow River Water was found. When the same amount of hydrogen peroxide is filled into the three-level Ozone oxidation column, the combined process’s effect is best.The removal rates of TOC,UV254,CODMn,Turbidity are 27.72%,58.66%,43.30% and 84.90%,the organic content is reduced in a large extent and the finished water quality is improved.

scholarly journals Advanced Oxidation Processes Coupled with Nanomaterials for Water Treatment

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2045
Author(s):  
Inês M. F. Cardoso ◽  
Rita M. F. Cardoso ◽  
Joaquim C. G. Esteves da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Processes ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Advanced Oxidation ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Water Contaminants ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Oxidation Processes

Water quality management will be a priority issue in the near future. Indeed, due to scarcity and/or contamination of the water, regulatory frameworks will be increasingly strict to reduce environmental impacts of wastewater and to allow water to be reused. Moreover, drinking water quality standards must be improved in order to account for the emerging pollutants that are being detected in tap water. These tasks can only be achieved if new improved and sustainable water treatment technologies are developed. Nanomaterials are improving the ongoing research on advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). This work reviews the most important AOPs, namely: persulfate, chlorine and NH2Cl based processes, UV/H2O2, Fenton processes, ozone, and heterogeneous photocatalytic processes. A critical review of the current coupling of nanomaterials to some of these AOPs is presented. Besides the active role of the nanomaterials in the degradation of water contaminants/pollutants in the AOPs, the relevance of their adsorbent/absorbent function in these processes is also discussed.

scholarly journals Optimization of water treatment process performance of Duren Seribu Water Treatment Plant in Depok City: water quality and design parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 896 (1) ◽  
pp. 012039
Author(s):  
R Hanifa ◽  
S Adityosulindro ◽  
N P S Wahyuningsih
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Detention Time

Abstract Duren Seribu Water Treatment Plant (WTP) plays a role in fulfilling water needs due to the increase in population growth. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the WTP and the potential for capacity uprating from the aspect of conformity to water quality standards, removal efficiency, and design parameters. Data collection was carried out by observation, measurement, and sampling. The result showed that raw water quality complies with the quality standards and is influenced by seasons. Meanwhile, the quality of drinking water produced for the parameters of pH, turbidity, TDS, organic matter, iron, and total coliform has complied with the quality standards. The efficiency removal of turbidity, TDS, organic matter, and iron occurred in conventional processing units were 94.6%, 70.5%, and 90.9%, and the total coliform removal efficiency was 1.8-log (67.05%). Based on the assessment of the design criteria, there are design parameters of the unit that require technical improvement such as detention time of flocculation unit, velocity and detention time in tube settler sedimentation unit, and the capacity of Duren Seribu WTP could be increased by 10% or up to 110 liters/second.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Activated Charcoal from Coconut Shell as The Adsorbent of Water Purification in The Laboratory Process of Chemical Engineering Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Yogyakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Siti Jamilatun ◽  
Ilham Mufandi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Nitrite Nitrate ◽  
Better Than

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas arang aktif dari tempurung kelapa untuk pemurnian air di Laboratorium Proses Teknik Kimia, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta. Penelitian terdiri dari tiga tahapan: Tahapan pertama, menganalisis kandungan air Laboratorium Teknik Kimia UAD, Tahapan kedua, pengujian efektivitas arang aktif untuk penjernihan air dengan dua (2) cara: (1) filter kolom arang aktif dan (2) pencampuran arang aktif dan air sampel, kemudian dilakukan pengadukan. Tahapan ketiga, menganalisa hasil pemurnian air seperti analisis pH, kadar logam, kesadahan (hardness), kadar sulfat (SO4), kadar fluoride, dan mineral. Parameter pemurnian air merujuk pada Clean Water Quality Standards Kementrian Kesehatan. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa pemurnian air menggunakan metode kolom filter dapat mengurangi kesadahan kalsium karbonat (CaCO3) hingga 15,33%, kadar asam sulfat (SO4) hingga 98,21%, kadar Flourida (F) hingga 93,35% pada ketebalan kolom arang aktif 15 cm. Sedangkan pemurnian air dengan pencampuran arang aktif dan pengadukan selama 30 menit dengan kecepatan 1000 rpm dapat mengurangi tingkat kekesadahan CaCO3 hingga 26,81%, kadar asam sulfat (SO4) hingga 98,23%, dan fluorida (F) hingga 93,35%. Pemurnian air melalui pencampuran arang aktif dan air dengan pengadukan lebih baik daripada penggunaan kolom arang aktif, karena klorida, bahan organik, nitrit, nitrat, Fe, Mn, CN- tidak ditemukan dalam air setelah pemurnian.This study aims to examine the effectiveness of activated charcoal from coconut shells for water purification at the Chemical Engineering Process Laboratory, Ahmad Dahlan University, Yogyakarta. The first stage, analyzing the water content of the UAD Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Second, testing the effectiveness of activated charcoal for water purification in two (2) ways: (1) activated charcoal column filter and (2 ) mixing the activated charcoal and water samples, then stirring. The third, analyzing the results of water purification such as analysis of pH, metal content, hardness (hardness), sulfate levels (SO4), fluoride levels, and minerals. Water purification parameters refer to the Ministry of Health's Clean Water Quality Standards. The results optimum obtained using the column filter in thickness activated charcoal column 15 cm could reduce hardness (CaCO3) by 15.33%, sulfuric acid (SO4) levels up to 98.21%, Fluoride (F) levels up to 93.35%. While by mixing activated charcoal (15 gram) and water (500 ml) with stirring for 30 minutes at a speed of 1000 rpm could reduce hardness levels by 26.81%, sulfuric acid (SO4) levels up to 98.23%, and fluoride (F) up to 93.35%. Purification of water through the mixing of activated charcoal and water with stirring is better than using an activated charcoal column because it is better than the chloride, organic matter, nitrite, nitrate, Fe, Mn, CN- are not found in the water after purification.

Powdered activated carbon selection for water treatment

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 743-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Troxler ◽  
D. W. Smith ◽  
E. Knettig
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Powdered Activated Carbon ◽  
Quality Problem ◽  
Unit Process ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Selection For

Increasing concern with colour, taste, and odour in municipal water supplies has led to the use of a variety of coagulants, oxidants, and adsorbents for improving water quality. Powdered activated carbon (PAC) is a good adsorbent of many organic materials in water. This paper presents a protocol for evaluating various PACs, taking into account the objective of the unit process. Using a series of decision criteria, more weight can be placed on the test parameters which relate to the cause of the quality problem. An example of the procedure is demonstrated. Key words: adsorption, powdered activated carbon, taste and odour, iodine number, modified phenol value, tannin value.

scholarly journals Studi Aktivitas Reaksi Fotokatalisis Berbasis Katalis TiO2-Karbon Aktif Terhadap Mutu Air Limbah Power Plant

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Ade Sonya Suryandari ◽  
Asalil Mustain ◽  
Dana Wahyu Pratama ◽  
Inayatul Maula
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Phosphate Content ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Catalyst Composition

Pengolahan air limbah merupakan proses mengolah air buangan yang sudah tidak terpakai untuk dapat dikembalikan ke siklus air di lingkungan. Unit Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) PT. Indonesia Power digunakan untuk mengolah air limbah yang berasal dari berbagai sumber salah satunya yaitu HRSG Sump Pit. Buangan air limbah yang berasal dari HRSG Sump Pit memiliki kandungan fosfat dikarenakan adanya penambahan fosfat pada unit sebelumnya yang bertujuan sebagai inhibitor proses korosi. Karakteristik limbah cair dapat ditentukan dari beberapa parameter diantaranya nilai pH, optical density (OD), dan kadar fosfat. Pengolahan air limbah dilakukan agar limbah cair yang dihasilkan dapat memenuhi baku mutu yang dipersyaratkan sebelum dibuang ke lingkungan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengaplikasikan reaksi fotokatalisis berbasis katalis TiO2/karbon aktif pada berbagai komposisi katalis dan durasi penyinaran. Proses fotokatalisis dilakukan dengan penambahan katalis pada perbandingan komposisi TiO2/karbon aktif 10:1, 5:1, 3:1 dan 2:1. Sedangkan lama waktu penyinaran 3, 4, 5, dan 6 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pH terendah sesuai baku mutu yaitu 8,13 dan penurunan kadar fosfat sebesar 70,12% mampu dicapai pada komposisi katalis TiO2/karbon aktif 3:1 dengan durasi penyinaran 5 jam. Penurunan OD tertinggi dicapai pada kondisi perbandingan komposisi katalis TiO2/karbon aktif 10:1 dan durasi penyinaran 6 jam yaitu sebesar 98,86%.Water treatment is the process of treating water discharges that are not used to be discarded into the environment. Wastewater Treatment Unit Plant (WWTP) of PT. Indonesia Power is used to treat wastewater coming from several sources, one of which is HRSG Sump Pit. Wastewater from the HRSG Pit contains phosphate which is related to the phosphate addition in the previous unit which is needed as an inhibitor of corrosion process. The characteristics of liquid waste can be determined from several parameters such as pH value, optical density (OD), and phosphate content. Wastewater treatment is carried out to obtain liquid waste which comply to the quality standards before being discarded into the environment. This research was carried out by applying the photocatalysis reaction based on catalyst TiO2-activated carbon with various catalyst compositions and irradiation duration. The process of photocatalysis was carried out by adding catalysts to the ratio of the composition of TiO2 / activated carbon 10:1, 5:1, 3:1 and 2:1. While the irradiation time is 3, 4, 5 and 6 hours. The results show that the lowest pH according to quality standards was 8.13 and a reduction in phosphate content of 70.12% was achieved in the 3: 1 TiO2/activated carbon catalyst composition with a 5-hour irradiation duration. The highest OD reduction was achieved under the condition ratio of catalyst composition of TiO2/activated carbon 10:1 and the irradiation duration of 6 hours that was equal to 98.86%.

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