scholarly journals EVALUATION OF HYDROPONIC FODDER PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF SORGHUM

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Kassahun Gurmessa ◽  
Zelalem Garuma
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin ◽  
Sorghum Variety ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fodder Yield

The hydroponic fodder yield performance evaluation of different varities of sorghum was conducted in green house of Wollega University.. Three experiments were conducted. The first was to observe effects of irrigation frequency. The second one was undertaken to evaluate four sorghum varieties (Lalo, Chemeda, Gamadi and Dano) on fodder yield, yield related components and nutritive values. The third experiment was done to determine the appropriate date of harvest for biomass yield and agronomic traits. Complete randomized design (CRD) was employed to conduct the experiment with three replications. The results showed that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between treatments on   Dry matter yield (t/ha), Leaf Weight (t/ha), Root weight (t/ha) and Plant height (cm) as effect of frequency of watering at 2hr, 3hr and 4hr interval but, significant difference (p<0.05) among varieties of sorghums as an effect of frequency of irrigation on Fresh yield(t/ha), Plant height (cm) and leaf to root ratio (LRR%).The lowest average fresh yields were harvested at 7th days after planting and consistently increased until 17th days of planting. The highest plant heights were observed at 17 days while the lowest was observed at 7th days of harvesting. Except for dry matter (DM), Ash and crude protein (CP), there were significant differences (P<0.05) in neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL) and in vitro dry matter digestibility contents of the sorghum varieties. The Sorghum variety, Gamadi contained the highest CP (13.29%) and lowest Acid detergent lignin contents. The Sorghum variety, Chemeda showed best in vitro DM digestibility (73.24%). Harvesting hydroponic sorghum at 17 days after planting gave the best biomass yield (t/ha), LRR and Plant height (cm); showing the increase in biomass as time of harvesting increases. Among the tested varieties of sorghum a variety, Dano best for biomass yield among the others.

scholarly journals Characterizing Biomass Yield and Nutritional Value of Selected Indigenous Range Species from Arid Tunisia

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2031
Author(s):  
Mounir Louhaichi ◽  
Mouldi Gamoun ◽  
Sawsan Hassan ◽  
Mohamed A. B. Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Shrub Species ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin ◽  
Fodder Yield ◽  
Stipa Lagascae

Rangelands of Tunisia show a great indigenous species diversity with considerable potential as forage for livestock. However, information on their fodder yield and quality is scanty and restricted to few species. The objective of the study was to evaluate the nutritive values of selected key perennial species based on their biomass yield, chemical composition, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), and mineral composition. The species evaluated included four grass species (Stipa lagascae Roem. and Schult., Stipa tenacissima L., Stipagrostis plumosa (L.) Munro ex T. Anderson, and Stipagrostis pungens (Desf.) de Winter.) and eight shrub species (Anthyllis henoniana Coss. ex Batt., Argyrolobium uniflorum (Deene.) Jaub. and Spach., Echiochilon fruticosum Desf., Gymnocarpos decander Forssk., Helianthemum kahiricum Delile., Helianthemum lippii (L.) Dum. Cours., Plantago albicans L. and Rhanterium suaveolens Desf.). Results showed that shrub species contained higher concentrations of the crude protein (CP), acid detergent lignin (ADL), but lower neutral detergent fiber (aNDFom) and acid detergent fiber (ADFom) concentrations than grasses. The greatest concentration of CP was 135 g/kg DM for R. suaveolens. The greatest aNDFom concentration was found within the grasses with maximum of 744.5 g/kg DM in S. plumosa. The shrub species E. fruticosum, A. uniflorum, P. albicans, G. decander, R. suaveolens, and A. henoniana had the highest IVOMD with over 500 g/kg DM and have the potential to supply energy to livestock. Overall, the moderate to high protein, low fiber, and high in vitro digestibility measured for shrubs, suggest they have high nutritional values and can be used to enhance local livestock production.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Vetch Varieties/Genotypes for Their Agronomic Performance and Nutritive Value in Selected Midland of East Guji Zone, Adola, Southern Oromia and Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
Teshale Jabessa ◽  
Zinash Amare ◽  
Genet Dejene
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Fresh Biomass ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin

A study was conducted to identify adaptability, high biomass and dry matter and grain yielder of vetch varieties/genotypes at Bore Agricultural Research Center Adola sub-site. The three vetch varieties/genotypes tested were Vicia dasycarpa, Lalisa and 5187. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was employed to evaluate the variety. The result revealed that date of 50% flowering, date of maturity, pod length per plant and plant height was significantly different (at p<0.05) between treatments. The early flowered genotype was 5187 (62 days) and late flowered variety was recorded from Vicia dasycarpa (79.9 days). The highest value of plant height was measured from Lalisa variety, while the shortest plant height was recorded from 5187 genotypes (67.7 cm). Date of 50% emergency, pod per plant, fresh biomass yield and grain yield and chemical composition dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent (NDF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), acid detergent fiber (ADF), total ash content (TASH) and organic matter (OM) did not show significant difference between treatments at (P>0.05). Numerically had different values. Both the highest fresh biomass yield and grain yield was obtained from Lalisa variety (2.9 t/ha) and 22.7 qt/ha respectively. The lowest value of biomass and grain yielder was produced from 5187 accessions (1.9 t/ha) and Vicia dasycarpa 11.3 qt/ha. Lalisa variety was highest in organic matter (OM), total ash content (TASH), crude protein (CP) and less in neutral detergent (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) content while, Vicia dayscarpa was highest in crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent (NDF) and less in organic matter (OM), content total ash content (TASH) and crude protein (CP) content, 5187 genotype had the highest in dry matter (DM) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) and less in crude protein (CP) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) content than the rest accessions. The result of this study implied that Lalisa variety was well adapted and being productive regarding the plant height, biomass yield and seed yield. Lalisa variety, which is hopeful to fill the gap of low quantity ruminant feed supply of the community in the study area. Based on its adaptable, high biomass, high plant height, high grain yield, good CP and OM Lalisa is recommended for further promotion in the midland of East Guji zone.

scholarly journals Seasonal Quality Assessment of Leaves and Stems of Fodder Ligneous Species

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 426-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoi M. PARISSI ◽  
Eleni M. ABRAHAM ◽  
Christos ROUKOS ◽  
Apostolos P. KYRIAZOPOULOS ◽  
Antonios PETRIDIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of seasonality on the chemical composition and concentration of phenolic compounds in some ligneous species. The research was conducted at the Aristotle University’s farm, Thessaloniki, Greece. From five ligneous species (Robinia pseudoacacia var. monophylla, Amorpha fruticosa, Colutea arborescens, Morus alba and Arbutus unedo) samples (leaves and twigs) were collected during two different seasons (spring and autumn). All samples were analyzed for crude protein (CP), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Lignin (ADL) and in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility (IVDMD), as well as for total phenols (TPH), total tannins (TT) and condensed tannins (CT). The CP content was generally lower and higher in leaves and stems of A. unedo and R. pseudoacacia, respectively compared to the other tested species. A. unedo had the highest values in NDF and ADL in leaves and the highest ADL content in stems. M. alba and C. arborescens in leaves and C. arborescens in stems had the lowest values of ADL content. M. alba had the significantly highest value in IVDMD and A. unedo the lowest one in both leaves and stems. Season had no significant effect on TPH, TT, and CT of leaves, while in stems they were significantly higher in autumn. A. unedo had the highest concentration of TPH, TT and R. pseudoacacia of CT in the leaves. TPH, TT, and CT concentration in stems was significantly higher in A. unedo. According to the findings, the impact of maturation on the type and the concentration of phenols and tannins is species-dependent.

scholarly journals Impact of water deficit in the relationship among alfalfa traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iara Gonçalves dos Santos ◽  
Paulo Eduardo Teodoro ◽  
Cosme Damião Cruz ◽  
Reinaldo de Paula Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
The Relationship

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship among traits related to yield and nutritive value of alfalfa genotypes grown under deficit and full irrigation conditions. Seventy-seven alfalfa genotypes were evaluated in two different cuts, the first one with full irrigation, and the second, with water deficit. A randomized block design with three replications was used. The evaluated traits were vigor, plant height, dry matter biomass, stem-to-leaf ratio, dry matter percentage, leaf and stem protein contents, in vitro dry matter digestibility, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and lignin. Significant interaction between genotypes and environments was reported for vigor, plant height, and lignin. The correlation between traits and path analysis of dry matter biomass was performed for each cut, aiming to identify auxiliary traits for indirect selection. Water availability did not alter the phenotypic and genotypic correlations, only their magnitudes. Regardless of the environment, plant height is one of the most promising traits for the selection of alfalfa genotypes with higher dry matter biomass since it showed a high direct effect in the same sense of its phenotypic correlations. However, the coefficient of determination obtained by the model applied to full irrigation was higher than that of the water-deficit environment, indicating the importance of variables not included in this study in the determination of alfalfa dry matter biomass under dry conditions.

scholarly journals Effects of Spacing and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Growth and Biomass Yield of Mechello Grass (Sorghum aethiopicum) under Rain Fed Condition in Western Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Gebreslasie Gebrekidan ◽  
Gebrekiros Maru Maru
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Flowering Date ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Western Zone ◽  
Plot Design

Field study was conducted at Humera, Kebabo, Banat, Zerbabit, Division and Ruwasa, western zone of Tigray, northern Ethiopia in 2018 under rain fed condition to determine effects of six nitrogen fertilizer levels (0, 11.5, 23.0, 34.5, 46.0 and 57.5 kg Nha-1) applied in the form of urea and four spacing (30, 45, 60 and 75 cm) on growth and biomass yield of Mechello grass (Sorghum aethiopicum). The experiment was arranged in a split-plot design with three replications. Data on dry matter yield (DMY, tonha-1), onset of flowering date (days), plant height (cm) and the number of tillers at harvest were recorded. A significant difference (p<0.001) due to nitrogen fertilizer was noted on DMY (tonha-1), onset of flowering date (days) and plant height (cm) at harvest. Similarly, spacing had a significant effect on DMY (p<0.001), plant height (p<0.002) and the number of tillers at harvest (p<0.001). Higher values on DMY and plant height at harvest were recorded at 23.0, 34.5, 46.0 and 57.5 kg N ha-1. Similarly, higher values of DMY and number of tillers at harvest were obtained from the denser (30 cm) and less dense (75 cm) spacing's, respectively. The study suggested that application of 23.0 kgNha-1 and 30 cm spacing improved biomass yield of Sorghum aethiopicum under rain fed condition and recommended to be implemented. Therefore, application of 23.0 kgNha-1 and 30cm spacing to boost biomass yield of Sorghum aethiopicum should be demonstrated and popularized in the study area and other similar agro-ecologies of the country.

scholarly journals Application of Selected Inoculant Producing Antifungal and Fibrinolytic Substances on Rye Silage with Different Wilting Time

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 879
Author(s):  
Seong-Shin Lee ◽  
Jeong-Seok Choi ◽  
Dimas Hand Vidya Paradhipta ◽  
Young-Ho Joo ◽  
Hyuk-Jun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lactobacillus Brevis ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Fiber Digestibility ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Commercial Inoculant

This research was conducted to determine the effects of selected inoculant on the silage with different wilting times. The ryes were unwilted or wilted for 12 h. Each rye forage was ensiled for 100 d in quadruplicate with commercial inoculant (Lactobacillus plantarum sp.; LPT) or selected inoculant (Lactobacillus brevis 100D8 and Leuconostoc holzapfelii 5H4 at 1:1 ratio; MIX). In vitro dry matter digestibility and in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility were highest in the unwilted MIX silages (p < 0.05), and the concentration of ruminal acetate was increased in MIX silages (p < 0.001; 61.4% vs. 60.3%) by the increase of neutral detergent fiber digestibility. The concentration of ruminal ammonia-N was increased in wilted silages (p < 0.001; 34.8% vs. 21.1%). The yeast count was lower in the MIX silages than in the LPT silages (p < 0.05) due to a higher concentration of acetate in MIX silages (p < 0.05). Aerobic stability was highest in the wilted MIX silages (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the MIX inoculation increased aerobic stability and improved fiber digestibility. As a result of the wilting process, ammonia-N in silage decreased but ruminal ammonia-N increased. Notably, the wilted silage with applied mixed inoculant had the highest aerobic stability.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Nutrient Composition, In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics, and In Situ Degradability of Amaranthus caudatus, Amaranthus cruentus, and Amaranthus hypochondriacus in Cattle

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Kim Margarette C. Nogoy ◽  
Jia Yu ◽  
Young Gyu Song ◽  
Shida Li ◽  
Jong-Wook Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Amaranthus Cruentus ◽  
Amaranthus Caudatus ◽  
Amaranthus Hypochondriacus

The amaranth plants showed high potential feed value as forage for ruminants. An in-depth study of this plant, particularly in cattle, will help extend its utilization as an alternative protein and fiber feed source in cattle feeding. In this study, the nutrient compositions of three different species of amaranth, Amaranthus caudatus L., Amaranthus cruentus L., and Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.—two varieties for each species, A.ca 74, A.ca 91, A.cu 62, A.cu 66, A. hy 30, and A. hy 48—were evaluated. The in vitro technique was used to evaluate the fermentation characteristics such as total gas production, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration, pH, and ammonia concentration of the rumen fluid. Moreover, the effective degradabilities of dry matter (EDDM) and crude protein (EDCP) of the amaranth forages were determined through in situ bag technique. The amaranth forages: A. caudatus, A. cruentus, and A. hypochondriacus showed better nutritive value than the locally produced forages in Chungcheong province of Korea. The CP of the amaranth ranged from 11.95% to 14.19%, and the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents ranged from 45.53% to 70.88% and 34.17% to 49.83%, respectively. Among the amaranth varieties, A. hypochondriacus 48 showed the most excellent ruminant feed nutrient quality (CP, 14.19%; NDF, 45.53%; and ADF, 34.17%). The effective degradabilities of dry matter (EDDM; 33–56%) and crude protein EDCP (27–59%) of the amaranth were lower compared to other studies, which could be due to the maturity stage at which the forages were harvested. Nonetheless, A. hypochondriacus 48 showed the highest EDDM (56.73%) and EDCP (59.09%). The different amaranth species did not differ greatly in terms of total VFA concentration or molar proportions, total gas production, or ammonia-N concentration. The high nutrient composition, and highly effective degradability of dry matter and crude protein, coupled with the favorable fermentation characteristics, suggest that the amaranth forages showed good to excellent feed quality for cattle.

EFFECT OF STRUCTURAL AND CHEMICAL FACTORS OF FORAGES ON POTENTIALLY DIGESTIBLE FIBER, INTAKE, AND TRUE DIGESTIBILITY BY RUMINANTS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 787-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. GIRARD ◽  
G. DUPUIS
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
True Digestibility

In view of the large variation found in plant cell wall digestibilities with ruminants, an attempt was made to group 124 feeds into different lignification classes (clusters) on the basis of chemical characteristics. Each feed cluster was described using a structural coefficient [Formula: see text] that related the potentially digestible fiber (PDF, %) to the ratio between lignin and cell wall volume. The optimum number of clusters was determined iteratively by performing a regression of the apparent digestibility of dry matter at maintenance level (DDM1, %) against the PDF and cell soluble (SOL, %) contents of feeds. The [Formula: see text] coefficients varied from 0.05 (grains, N = 13) to 1.85 (corn silage, N = 3) and increased with the maturity of the grasses from 0.88 (legumes, vegetative cool season grasses, N = 26) to 1.33 (mature, cool season grasses, N = 19). Predicted PDF were closely correlated (r > 0.9, P < 0.01) to in vitro cell wall disappearances (IVCWD). Apparently digestible cell wall in four grasses and four legumes increased linearly with 96-h IVCWD and standard error (SE) was similar to the SE of predicted apparent digestible SOL from SOL concentrations. Assuming that similarity between SE could be also observed in larger samples, PDF and SOL were used in summative equations to predict apparent dry matter digestibility. DDM1 discounted for intake (DDM1 – 4, %) was regressed against SOL and PDF concentrations of 87 feeds:[Formula: see text]with ds and df, the true digestibilities of SOL and PDF. Estimates of ds and df were 0.98 and 0.95 for a zero-production (maintenance) level of intake, and 0.91 and 0.79 for an intake level four times maintenance. Since the true digestibility of the PDF component was only 4% – 13% lower than that of the cell soluble component, the concentration of PDF in cell wall was the major determinant in the variation in apparent digestibility of forages. Key words: lignin, neutral detergent fiber, true digestibility, cluster analysis, feeds

scholarly journals Evaluation of improved cassava genotypes for yield and related traits for a better breeding strategy under different agroecologies in Nigeria

Euphytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Adetoro ◽  
O. O. Oworu ◽  
A. L. Nassir ◽  
A. Bello ◽  
E. Parkes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pasting Properties ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Root Characteristics ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Fresh Root

AbstractThis study aimed at determining shoot and root characteristics of cassava as affected by root yield and the influence of soil moisture on vegetative growth and yield. Thirty cassava genotypes were evaluated for morphological and physiological characterization in three locations in Nigeria: Ibadan, Mokwa and Zaria. Randomized complete block design was used with four replicates. Studies on the pasting properties of the genotypes were also carried out. Data were collected on plant height, stem girth, stay-green ability, garri and fresh root weight. Genotypes differed significantly (P < 0.05) across and within locations for shoot and root characteristics. Across locations, genotype 011663 had the highest plant height (132.4 cm); 30572 had the largest stem girth (8.6 cm); and 010040 was the best stay-green (2.2). Genotype 011086 had the highest number of roots per plot (95.7), 950289 had the highest fresh root yield (24.3 t/ha), and 990554 had the highest percentage of dry matter (35.2). Trends in root yields across locations were Ibadan (28.9 t/ha), Mokwa (20.3 t/ha), and Zaria (8 t/ha). Five genotypes IITA-TMS-IBA950289, 010034, 990554, 011807, and 980581 had negligible interactions with the environment and so have broad adaptation and are considered stable; and two clones 011807 and 950166 were found to be the best for pasting properties. Breeding strategies that consider root size, total root number, harvest index, dry matter, with applications for household foods and industrial uses, will be an effective and efficient way to select genotypes for high yield.

scholarly journals Ruminal parameters and ruminal degradability of feedlot sheep fed safflower grains

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-335
Author(s):  
Jefferson Leonardo Rocha Alves ◽  
Rafael Henrique de Tonissi e Buschinelli de Goes ◽  
Antônio Campanha Martinez ◽  
Aguinaldo Yoshio Nakamura ◽  
Jefferson Rodrigues Gandra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Asymptotic Model ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Times

SUMMARY This study aimed to evaluate the rumen degradability of dry matter (DM), disappearance of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of Tifton 85 hay, and fermentation parameters (pH and ruminal ammonia nitrogen) of sheep fed diets with inclusion of safflower grains (0, 7.50 and 15%). Three mixed breed lambs with average body weight of 35.50± 1.50 kg were used. The rumen degradability of dry matter and NDF of the Tifton 85 haywas analyzedby the disappearance of DM and NDF, and the kinetic parameters adjusted according to the first order asymptotic model. The samples were incubated in the rumen in descending order (96, 48, 24, 12, 6, 3, 0 hours). The determination of ruminal pH and ruminal ammonia nitrogen (RAN) was performed before feeding and 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours after feeding. Data of ruminal fermentation were tested by analysis of variance with repeated measures in time, at 5% probability. Ruminal pH values were not statistically different. When evaluating the RAN, there was a significant difference between the times and treatments for the diet with 15% safflower. The diets presented low effective degradability of DM and NDF with mean values of 18.02% and 47.40%, respectively. The safflower grain can be used up to 7.50% in the diets without altering the degradability and ruminal fermentation.

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