Implementation of Waste Processing from the Source by the Traditional Village of Caga, Tampaksiring District, Gianyar Bali

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
Made Yaya Sawitri ◽  
Dewa Ketut Suryawan ◽  
Anak Agung Sagung Putri Risa Andriani
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Waste Processing ◽  
Service Program ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
Tourist Village ◽  
Waste Bank ◽  
The Village

The Caga Traditional Village, which is located in Pejeng Kangin Village, Tampak Siring District, is one of the traditional villages that is currently seriously developing the village's potential as a tourist village. One of the efforts to improve that is now being promoted is regarding the cleanliness of the village. However, currently there is no comprehensive system capable of managing most of the waste generated by villagers. This village already has a waste bank but it only manages around 30% of the total waste generated. Organic waste which is much larger in quantity is still dumped in the "teba" or backyard. Another problem is the presence of residual waste, which has so far been collected and then transported to a landfill (TPS). The problem raised in this "community service program" is the public's ignorance of government policies regarding waste management and the proper procedures for managing waste from sources. Therefore, to support the government's efforts in realizing a waste management system from sources and to support the efforts of traditional villages to develop their potential as a tourism village, education on waste management from sources in the traditional village of Caga, Pejeng Kangin was implemented. Activities that have been carried out include the socialization of government regulations regarding waste processing at the source, optimization of waste banks, and processing of organic waste using the composting method. The implementation of Waste Processing from the Source by the Traditional Village of Caga, Tampaksiring District, Gianyar " received a good reception from the community and full support from the management of the Caga Traditional Village.

scholarly journals PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI PENGOLAHAN SAMPAH ORGANIK DI DESA TEMPURSARI KECAMATAN TEMPURSARI, KABUPATEN LUMAJANG, JAWA TIMUR

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Elferida Sormin ◽  
Marina Silalahi ◽  
Bambang Widodo ◽  
Susilo Suwarno
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Process Waste ◽  
The People ◽  
Service Activities ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Training Activities ◽  
The Village

Abstrak   Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilakukan melalui bentuk kegiatan sosialisasi dan pelatihan tentang pengolahan sampah di Desa Tempursari, Kecamatan Tempursari, Kabupaten Lumajang, Jawa Timur pada tanggal 12-17 Juli 2017.  Permasalahan sampah menjadi permasalahan yang belakangan sangat banyak dikeluhkan oleh masyarakat secara khusus di desa Tempursari. Kerjasama yang solid antara semua stakeholder diharapkan dalam penanganan dan pemecahan permasalahan sampah ini, seperti yang sudah dilakukan oleh masyarakat Desa Tempursari dengan kehadiran Gereja Kristen Jawa Wetan (GKJW) yang menjadi fasilitator dalam penanganan sampah di desa Tempursari. Dalam rangka mengembangkan program yang sudah disusun dan akan dijalankan, GKJW bekersama dengan Universitas Kristen Indonesia Jakarta dalam beberapa hal terkait pengolahan sampah tersebut, di antaranya mensosialisasikan pemahaman tentang sampah (jenis dan dan dampak yang ditimbulkan), bagaimana mengolah sampah sesuai dengan jenisnya dan membantu mengoperasikan mesin pencacah sampah plastik dan sampah organik lainnya. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dinilai memberikan dampak positif, di mana mesin pencacah yang tadinya sudah lama tidak berfungsi menjadi beroperasi dengan operator yang yang sudah mahir atau fasih, masyarakat mampu memilah sampah dimulai dari tia-tiap rumah tangga sebelum selanjutnya diserahkan ke tim pengolah yang sudah ditunjuk oleh gereja. Akhirnya setelah kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat bersama dengan GKJW Tempursari, maka program pelayanan masyarakat melalui pengolahan sampah oleh GKJW Tempursari mulai berjalan lancar.   Kata Kunci: sampah organik, mesin pencacah   Abstract The community service activities were carried out through the form of socialization and training activities on waste management in Tempursari Village, Tempursari District, Lumajang Regency, East Java. The problem of garbage has become a very recent problem that is very much complained by the community specifically in the village of Tempursari. Solid cooperation between all stakeholders is expected in handling and solving these waste problems, as has been done by the people of Desa Tempursari with the presence of the Gereja Kristen Jawa Wetan (GKJW) who became a facilitator in handling waste in the village of Tempursari. In order to develop a program that has been compiled and will be implemented, GKJW cooperates with the Universitas Kristen Indonesia Jakarta in several matters related to waste management, including socializing understanding of waste (types and impacts), how to process waste according to its type and helping operate plastic waste chopping machines and other organic waste. The results of community service activities are considered to have a positive impact, where the enumerating machines that have not been functioning for a long time become operational with operators who are already proficient or fluent, the community is able to sort waste starting from each household before being submitted to the processing team who has been appointed by the church. Finally after the community service activities together with GKJW Tempursari, the community service program through processing waste by GKJW Tempursari began to run smoothly.   Keywords: organic waste, chopping machine

scholarly journals Model Desain Apotik Hidup bagi Keberlanjutan Pemanfaatan Pengolahan Sampah Organik Rumah Tangga di Desa Ciangsana, Kabupaten Bogor

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 582-589
Author(s):  
Silia Yuslim ◽  
Etty Indrawati ◽  
Dwi Indrawati ◽  
Olivia Seanders
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Landscape Architecture ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Design Model ◽  
Kitchen Waste ◽  
Service Program ◽  
Bank Management ◽  
Waste Bank

Ciangsana Village, Gunung Putri sub-district, Bogor district has carried out independent waste management. There are two waste banks there, the Cantik waste banks in RW 20 and the Cinta Waste Bank in RW 21. This waste bank has also spurred local communities to process organic kitchen waste independently, but the processing results in the form of compost require more use. Continue to maintain its sustainability, especially in RW 20. The Community Service Program (PkM) majoring in Landscape Architecture coordinate and consult to create a living apothecary design model on the land around Bank Cantik and explain making it and structuring it into a park in activities counseling. The benefits felt from this PKM activity can be seen based on a questionnaire distributed to PKM participants: representatives of the Waste Bank management, PKK women, and RW management (RW heads and secretaries). The results of this PkM show that of all the participants' statements, 96% described that modeling was beneficial for the participants. Still, one participant did not need assistance in applying the design model in the field.

scholarly journals Efforts For Empowerment and Dry Waste Management Using A Waste Bank System in Kepuh Village, Kertosono District, Nganjuk Regency

2022 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 760-763
Author(s):  
Enny Istanti
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Disposal Site ◽  
Waste Processing ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Data Presentation ◽  
Waste Bank ◽  
Bank System

The issue of waste management is still a thorny problem for Indonesia. This is because most of the waste produced by households still ends up in the Final Disposal Site (TPA). Meanwhile, the capacity of landfills, especially in big cities, is getting full. In fact, it is not easy to find land to open a new TPA to accommodate the garbage collected from the community. The purpose of this community service is to teach the residents of Kepuh Village to process household dry waste. The qualitative method used in this activity uses socialization and guidance. The stages in data analysis using qualitative methods are data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the discussion in this community service are [1] Implementation of Waste Bank Socialization at the Chairman's House [2] Dry waste collection [3] Waste sorting at Residents' Houses and [4] Implementation of waste bank at Village Hall. The conclusion is that people do not understand the effect of dry waste disposal on the environment, fostering independence with dry waste processing practices.

IMPLEMENTASI TAPUKOR : PENDAMPINGAN PEMBUATAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR SEBAGAI UPAYA PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DI DUSUN TAGOG

Al-Khidmat ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Robiah Siti Hanifah ◽  
Ai Siti Farida
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Service Program ◽  
The People ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth ◽  
The Village

AbstrakSampah organik merupakan salah satu masalah besar yang sulit untuk diselesaikan di Indonesia. Laman berita internasional, anadulu academy menyatakan pada tahun 2019 ini, terdapat 67 juta ton sampah yang dihasilkan di Indonesia, diantara 67 juta ton tersebut, 60 persennya merupakan sampah organik. Padahal, didalam sampah organik ini terdapat beberapa zat seperti protein atau glukosa yang jika dimanfaatkan dengan baik dapat menghasilkan unsur-unsur hara yang dibutuhkan untuk pertumbuhan, perkembangan, dan kesehatan tanaman. Oleh karena itu, tim pengabdi berusaha meminimalisir jumlah sampah organik dalam lingkup kecil seperti di Dusun Tagog dengan cara mengolahnya menjadi pupuk organik cair atau diberi nama “Tagog Pupuk Organik Cair (Tapukor)”. Selain dapat digunakan oleh masyarakat di dusun tersebut, pupuk organik cair ini dapat dipasarkan juga dimana pupuk organik cair ini memiliki nilai ekonomis yang cukup tinggi yaitu sekitar 25.000 per 50 mL. Sehingga dengan adanya pembuatan pupuk organik cair ini diharapkan dapat turut berkontribusi secara nyata dalam pencapaian tujuan pembangunan berkelanjutan (SDGs) poin delapan yakni meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi yang merata dan berkelanjutan, tenaga kerja yang optimal dan produktif, serta pekerjaan yang layak untuk semua.AbstractOrganic waste is one of the big problems that are difficult to solve in Indonesia. The international news page, The Anadulu Academy stated that in 2019, there were 67 million tons of waste produced in Indonesia, of which 67 million tons, 60 percent of which is organic waste. In fact, in this organic waste, there are several substances such as protein or glucose which, if properly utilized can produce nutrients needed for plant growth, development, and health. Therefore, the writer as a participant in the Sisdamas Community Service Program tries to minimize the amount of organic waste in a small scope such as in Tagog Hamlet by processing it into liquid organic fertilizer or named "Tagog Liquid Organic Fertilizer (Tapukor)". Besides being able to be used by the people in the village, this liquid organic fertilizer can be marketed also where the liquid organic fertilizer has a high economic value of around 25,000 for 50 mL. So that the creation of liquid organic fertilizer is expected to contribute significantly in achieving the goal of sustainable development (SDGs) point eight, namely promoting equitable and sustainable economic growth, optimal and productive workforce, and decent work for all

scholarly journals PENGUATAN GERAKAN PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH KERING MELALUI SPIRIT SHODAQOH SAMPAH BAGI MASYARAKAT PEDUKUHAN SEMBUNG DAN KEMBANG, KABUPATEN SLEMAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Arie Kusuma Paksi ◽  
Nanik Prasetyoningsih
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Service Program ◽  
Bank Managers ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Waste Bank ◽  
Initial Research

Program pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk menguatkan gerakan pengelolaan sampah di Pedukuhan Sembung dan Kembang, Kabupaten Sleman. Apalagi berdasarkan hasil penelitian awal terdapat 10 persen program bank sampah yang tidak aktif. Melalui serangkaian kegiatan pengabdian, yang melibatkan penyuluhan, workshop, kunjungan lapangan dan monitoring, dan fokus pada pengenalan dan penguatan prinsip shadaqoh demi tujuan sosial keagamaan dalam pengelolaan sampah, berpengaruh terhadap tingkat pengetahuan dan motivasi para pengelola bank sampah di Pedukuhan Sembung dan Kembang. Hal ini berarti program pengeloaan sampah perlu menekankan spirit tujuan sosial keagaamaan sehingga mendapat dukungan dari banyak pihak terutama warga sekitar. Kata kunci: Penguatan, Pengelolaan, Sampah kering, Kesehatan lingkungan, Pemanasan global ABSTRACT This community service program aims to strengthen the waste management movement in Sembung and Kembang Villages at Sleman Regency. Moreover, based on the results of initial research, 10 percent of the waste bank program is inactive. Through a series of community service activities, which involve counseling, workshops, field visits and monitoring, and focus on introducing and strengthening the principles of shadaqoh for the sake of socio-religious goals in waste management, influencing the level of knowledge and motivation of the waste bank managers in Sembung and Kembang Villages. local people. This means that the future waste management program needs to emphasize the spirit of social and religious goals so that it gets support from many parties, especially the local communities. Keywords: Strengthen, Management, Dry waste, Environmental health, Global warming

scholarly journals STRATEGI PENANGANAN DAN PEMANFAATAN KEMBALI FUNGSI SAMPAH UNTUK MENDUKUNG OBJEK WISATA DI DESA CEPAKA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
I Ketut Didik Krismanto ◽  
Ni Putu Novia Ratnarianasan Dewi ◽  
Luh Dewi Kusuma Sari
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
Service Program ◽  
Household Activities ◽  
The Village

Desa Cepaka merupakan salah satu Desa yang terletak di Kecamatan Kediri, Kabupaten Tabanan, Provinsi Bali. Desa Cepaka memiliki potensi untuk menjadi objek wisata, tetapi belum dikembangkan. Potensi objek wisata tersebut yaitu melalui lintasan jogging track yang berada di Desa Cepaka. Tahap awal dalam Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) periode Ganjil Tahun 2019/2020 ini dilaksanakan dengan kegiatan survey, serta mencari informasi dan data mengenai objek wisata. Untuk mendukung objek wisata yang bersih, indah, menarik, asri, dan sejuk maka diharapkan seluruh masyarakat Desa Cepaka dapat aktif dan peduli terhadap lingkungan disekitar desa. Sampah akan selalu ada dalam kegiatan rumah tangga maupun dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, karena semua yang beraktivitas pasti akan menghasilkan sampah dan begitu juga yang terjadi di Desa Cepaka. Untuk menunjang hal tersebut, maka diperlukan upaya penanganan dan pengelolaan sampah dengan baik, karena pengelolaan sampah yang baik dapat memberikan manfaat yang baik juga bagi lingkungan, dan masyarakat desa. Kesadaran masyarakat serta kepedulian masyarakat berperan penting dalam merealisasikan jalan usaha tani (jogging track) di Desa Cepaka menjadi suatu objek wisata yang akan dapat memberikan nilai ekonomis yang lebih. Kata Kunci: Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN), Objek Wisata, Pengelolaan Sampah ABSTRACT Cepaka Village is a village located in Kediri District, Tabanan Regency, Bali Province. Cepaka Village has the potential to become a tourist attraction, but has not yet been developed. The potential of these attractions is the jogging track in Cepaka Village. The first stage of The Community Service Program (KKN) period 2019/2020 was carried out with survey activities, as well as searching for information and data on tourist objects. To support tourist objects that are clean, beautiful, attractive, beautiful, and cool, it is hoped that the entire community of Cepaka Village can be active and care for the environment around the village.  Garbage will always be present in household activities and in everyday life, because all those who are active will definitely produce rubbish and will also occur in Cepaka Village. To support this, waste management and how to handling it is needed, because waste management can provide benefits that also benefit for environment, and the communities. Public awareness is the important things in realizing the jogging track (jogging track) in the Cepaka Village become one of the attractions that will provide more economic value. Keywords: The Community Service Program (KKN), A tourist attraction, Waste management

scholarly journals Pengembangan sistem komposting melalui Bank Sampah di Desa Petani, Kecamatan Bathin Solapan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 445-453
Author(s):  
Suwondo Suwondo ◽  
Darmadi Darmadi ◽  
Andri Hendrizal
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Management System ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Waste Management System ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Waste Bank

Community service is an effort to disseminate science, technology and art to society. These activities must be able to provide an added value for the community, both in economic activities, policies, and changes in (social) behavior. The goal of community service activities in Farmers Village, Bathin Solapan District is that the community can play an active role in optimizing existing waste banks in order to form a good waste management system, improving the clean culture and economy of the community. The community can take advantage of the organic waste collected from each resident's house which is submitted directly to the waste bank for the composting process. The level of achievement of the program targets carried out in the farmer village of the Inner Solapan sub-district is very good and right on target, this is based on the enthusiasm of the community and the spiritual (adat) chairman in seeing the training process for processing organic waste into compost using a composter drum that has been prepared by the service team riau university and riau university students. Drum composter is an effective compost processing method for the community in Desa Petani, Kecamatan Bathin Solapan, on a household scale. Analysis of the development of a composting system through a waste bank in a farmer village, in the sub-district of Inner Solapan aims for the community to play an active role in optimizing existing waste banks to form a good waste management system.

scholarly journals Bank Sampah Sebagai Salah Satu Strategis Alternatif Pengelolaan Sampah Berbasis Masyarakat di Desa Sesaot

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Handayani Rinuastuti ◽  
Akhmad Saufi ◽  
Thatok Asmony ◽  
Handry Sudiartha
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Waste Bank ◽  
The Village ◽  
Management Groups

Plastic waste has become people’s main problems in Indonesia, both in cities and rural areas. Sesaot is one of three villages, together with Buwun Sejati and Pakuan Village, developed for sustainable tourist destination. As a tourist icon of Lombok Barat Distric, Sesaot villagers are responsible for keeping the village cleaned. Most people in Sesaot are ignorant of waste management, yet, some efforts are made individually. People are unaware of the economic value of waste management. Waste is percieved as unwanted and discarded residues. Such condition challanges efforts for sustainable tourism. The community service is aimed at directing local communities to participative waste management; encouraging the emergence of collaborative waste management; introducing waste bank model; and initiating the formation of community-based integrated waste management groups. The community service is organised through training and mentoring activities to sellected participants. .  Expected results including; (1) the participants acquire knowledge of economic value of waste; (2) the participants form groups to start-up village waste bank.

scholarly journals PENGABDIAN KKN-MANDIRI TEMATIK KELURAHAN ONEKORE KEBUPATEN ENDE

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Yulita Londa ◽  
Yulita Tanda ◽  
Yohanes F Senda ◽  
Yanuaris B Gabe ◽  
Sirilus Sandy Banda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Service Program ◽  
Implementation Time ◽  
Main Activity ◽  
Service Building ◽  
The Village

The general theme of the 2020 Community Service Program is “Community Empowerment”. Meanwhile, the special theme is "Entrepreneurship". The implementation time starts from August 3 to September 3, 2020, in Onekore Village, Ende Tengah District, Ende Regency. On the program. With this special theme, the main activity carried out is supporting entrepreneurship in Onekore Village. The purpose of implementing this activity is that students are expected to gain learning experience through direct involvement in the community in finding, formulating, solving, and overcoming problems in the field. In this KKN activity, the problems found were the lack of utilization of existing garden products, namely bananas. So far, it is consumed by boiling or eating it without further processing. Olso besides, we also found woven products from weaving that were difficult to market. Students socialize and practice entrepreneurship as an effort to solve problems faced by weaving craftsmen. Efforts made to help the household economy include making flower pots and making wallets made from woven fabrics. Supporting activities during the Community Service Program are assisting with the administration of the Village, community service, building a gate for the Indonesian Independence Day, making sample gardens, socializing COVID-19 and, health service for the elderly.

scholarly journals PELATIHAN PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH TOILET MENGGUNAKAN FORMULA MIKROBA DI PERUMAHAN TENGGILIS SURABAYA

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Fatimah Fatimah ◽  
Tini Surtiningsih ◽  
Agus Supriyanto ◽  
Nima’tuzahroh Nima’tuzahroh ◽  
Salamun Salamun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Waste Processing ◽  
Septic Tanks ◽  
Post Test

Blockage of septic tanks is one of the problems in the community related to the discharge of toilet waste produced. The use of synthetic toilet cleaners that are not environmentally friendly is one of the factors that can inhibit the process of decomposing organic waste. The existence of microbial killer ingredients in toilet cleaning materials that come into the septic tank will actually inhibit the growth of essential microbes that play a role in the perfection of the decomposition process. Lack of understanding of the community related to microbial processes in the processing of toilet waste is one of the factors inability of the community to overcome these problems. This community service aims to disseminate information related to the processing of organic waste, the role of microbes in the processing of toilet waste, how to make microbial formulas that play a role in the processing of toilet waste, as well as efforts to increase the creativity of the community to process their own waste to improve environmental sanitation and improve community welfare. The results of the training showed that the average pretest and post test scores of the cadres of Tenggilis Surabaya village experienced a significant increase in value with a mean value of 37.78 (pretest) to 62.22 (post-test). Toilet waste processing cadres have been able to make biotoilet products that can be used to process limbat toilets in their homes. The informationand insights they receive can be passed on to the community from each cadre.AbstrakPenyumbatan septic tank merupakan salah satu permasalahan di masyarakat terkait dengan buangan limbah toilet yang dihasilkan. Penggunaan pembersih toilet yang berbahan sintetik yang tidak ramah lingkungan merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat menghambat proses penguraian limbah organik. Keberadaan bahan pembunuh mikroba dalam bahan-bahan pembersih toilet yang ikut masuk ke dalam septik tank justru akan menghambat pertumbuhan mikroba esensial yang berperan dalam kesempurnaan proses dekomposisi. Kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat terkait dengan proses mikroba dalam pengolahan limbah toilet merupakan salah satu faktor ketidakmampuan masyarakat dalam mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuanuntuk mensosialisasikan informasi terkait proses pengolahan limbah organik, peran mikroba dalam pengolahan limbah toilet, cara membuat formula mikroba yang berperan dalam pengolahan limbah toilet, serta upaya meningkatkan kreativitas masyarakat untuk mengolah limbahnya sendiri guna meningkatkan sanitasi lingkungan dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Hasil pelatihan menunjukkan bahwa rerata nilai pretest dan post test kader kelurahan Tenggilis Surabaya mengalami peningkatan nilai yang cukup signifi kan dengan rerata nilai dari 37,78 (pretest) menjadi 62,22 (post test). Kader pengolahan limbah toilet telah mampu membuat produk biotoilet yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mengolah limbat toilet di rumah masing-masing. Informasi dan wawasan yang mereka terima dapat di teruskan kepada komunitas asal masing-masing kader.

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