scholarly journals Life and creative development of academician M. M. Pavlyuchenko

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-512
Author(s):  
N. P. Krutko ◽  
V. V. Kokhanovsky ◽  
T. M. Ulyanova ◽  
I. E. Shimanovich
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Chemistry ◽  
Young People ◽  
Thermal Dissociation ◽  
Chemical Mechanism ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Creative Development ◽  
Wide Audience ◽  
The Government ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The article is devoted to the 110 anniversary of the birth of the Belarusian scientist, the founder of the section of chemical science – Chemistry of solids, the organizer and the first director of Institute of the General and Inorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, academician of the Academy of Sciences of Belarus – Mikhail Mikhaylovich Pavlyuchenko. In the article, the career devoted to search of the implication and chemical mechanism of the processes proceeding with participation of solids is described. Identification of the defining stages (limiting stages) and regularities of thermal dissociation reactions and synthesis of different classes and various structure of substances, as well as the definition of ways to operate these processes are described in this paper. His pedagogical and practical activities were purposeful, he looked for and found the young people interested in scientific research, excited them with his ideas, prepared 40 candidates and 3 Doctors of Chemistry. Together with the academician N. F. Ermolenko and the engineering structure of the institute, he prepared, proved the ways and possibilities of use and enrichment of sylvinites of the Starobinsky field, and repeatedly reported for the government and wide audience on importance of chemical industry development in Belarus. His course of life is a service to science and the Homeland.

PREVENTION OF FRAILTY IN AGING

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
B. Vellas ◽  
S. Sourdet
Keyword(s):  
Functional Decline ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Worldwide, the number of people age 60 and older is expected to grow from nearly 900 million in 2015 to over 1.3 trillion in 2030 (1). Increased age is associated with gradual increases in molecular and cellular damage; impairment of bodily functions; decreased muscle mass and strength; loss of bone density; declining vision, hearing and cognition; multimorbidity; and frailty (2). Frailty has been conceptualized as a physiological syndrome of decreased reserve and resilience, resulting in progressive functional decline, increased vulnerability to many stressors, and an increase in negative health outcomes and dependence (3, 4). It has been recognized by the World Health Organization (2) and the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (5) as a major public health concern among the elderly, although consensus on a definition of frailty remains elusive (6). Nonetheless, research suggests that disability and dependence in the elderly may be preventable by targeting frail and pre-frail older adults (3, 7, 8).

ASM and Biological Arms Control

1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-262
Author(s):  
Kenneth I. Berns
Keyword(s):  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Biological Weapons ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Defense Research ◽  
American Society ◽  
American Society For Microbiology ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The U.S

Members of the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) have a considerable history of bringing scientific and technical knowledge to the issue of biological weapons control and being available to serve in advisory roles to the government. ASM's involvement with the biological weapons issue began in the 1940s, when microbiologists served as advisors to the government's Biological Defense Research Program and participated in the Biological Warfare Committee of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. In 1970, a controversy resulting from the ASM's involvement with this issue abated when the ASM Council approved a statement concerning non-secrecy and free movement in research. Simultaneously, the society affirmed support for President Richard M. Nixon's action to end the U.S.'s offensive biological weapons program. The society's code of ethics, published in 1985, contains two relevant sections that seek to discourage ASM members from participating in biological weapons development.

The NASA Mass Change Designated Observable Study: Progress and Future Plans

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wiese ◽  
Carmen Boening ◽  
Victor Zlotnicki ◽  
Scott Luthcke ◽  
Bryant Loomis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Earth Science ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Mass Change ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
System Architectures ◽  
Study Progress ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Traceability Matrix ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Future Plans

<p>The 2017-2027 US National Academy of Sciences Decadal Survey for Earth Science and Applications from Space classified mass change as one of five designated observables having the highest priority in terms of Earth observations required to better understand the Earth system over the next decade.  In response to this designation, NASA initiated multi-center studies with an overarching goal of defining observing system architectures for each designated observable.  Here, we discuss the progress made and future plans for the Mass Change Designated Observable study. Progress includes the development of a Science and Applications Traceability Matrix, a tool that links science objectives to measurement techniques and accuracies,  for the 15 science and applications objectives listed in the Decadal Survey, as well as the definition of as many as three different architectural classes for which to achieve those objectives.  We will describe the Value Framework that is under way to assess and evaluate each observing system architectural option.  Preliminary results assessing the science value versus cost/risk of observing system architectures will be presented. In addition, future plans for the Mass Change Designated Observable Study will be discussed.</p>

HISTORICAL HERITAGE OF G. D. KAZMIRCHUK (IN VIEW OF THE 75TH ANNIVERSARY)

2019 ◽  
pp. 148-154
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Kotsur ◽  
Mariia Kazmyrchuk
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Local History ◽  
75Th Anniversary ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
National University ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The article analyzes the life and creative path of the outstanding Ukrainian historian, Professor Grygorii D. Kazmyrchuk, who turns 75 years old. He has devoted more than 30 years of teaching to Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, a well-known Decembrists-scholar, historiographer and researcher of his native village of Kalknyk. The article also covers the genus of the hero of the anniversary, his family circle. A brief historical note was given of GrygoriiDmitrovich's hometown of Kalknyk village, where he was born, thanking the Kalnitsky community, investigating his history. Grygorii D. Kazmyrchuk is the founder of the School of Decembrists Studies at the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. His works are widely known abroad. The hero of the anniversary actively cooperates with the international community in the study of various history issues. He trained more than 10 candidates in this direction (A. Kulikovska, R. Lavrenyuk, A. Verbovy, L. Gubitsky, O. Lyapina, Iu. Latysh and others). Active participants of the Decembrist school were: O. Rafalsky, A. Silkin, Yu. Shlapak, V. Smirnov, T. Orlova and others. The hero of the anniversary for the first time gave the definition of the Decembrist school, developed the periodization of Decembrists movement and conducted biographical researches of the Decembrists and historians of the Decembrists (V. Bazylevych, V. Romanovsky, J. Germayze and others). Grygorii D. Kazmyrchukorganized of more than 10 congresses on Decembrists movement – «Decembrist Readings». He resumed and continued publishing papers collections of «Decembrists in Ukraine» (five papers collections appeared under his leading). G. D. Kazmyrchuk and O. P. Reent, who Headed of the Department of History of Ukraine at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century at the Institute of History of Ukraine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, developed a project devoted to the emergence of the Decembrist movement and held 5 International conferences on this problem. Now the project «Ukrainian Decembrist School 1825-2019» is being actively developed. G. D. Kazmyrchuk participates in the international project «Russian Decembrist Studies in Persons 1825 – 2019», where biographies of Decembrists of Ukraine of the ХIX and ХХ centuries are highlighted. Kazmyrchuk G. D. is an elder of the Kalynitsky Cossack Regiment and an honored researcher of local lore of Ukraine. He is the author of regional studies on the history of the Kalnyk village and the Kalnitsky Cossack Regiment etc. For example, the latest edition «Kalnycky Cossack Regiment (1648–1712)» (2019) is devoted to the history and the battle route of Kalnik people. His research interests are focus on History of Ukraine, Local History, Historiography, Bibliography, World History, Social History, Biography, Shevchenko Studies, Decembrist Studies, History of University and History of Education etc. The hero of the anniversary has a rich life experience, which is happy to convey to the younger generation, their own children and grandchildren. Homeland and colleagues sincerely congratulate Grygorii Dmitrovich on the occasion of the 75th anniversary and wish him strong health and longevity!

scholarly journals 60 years – the Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-276
Author(s):  
A. I. Kulak
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Chemistry ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Scientific Schools ◽  
National Economic ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The historical review of the Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus considers all periods of the Institute’s evolution, starting with its organization in 1959, forming the main structural divisions and areas of research and development (1959–1968), structuring these areas and accelerating their development (1969–1990), optimization and headway with a primary focus on the scientific support of important tasks of industry and the agricultural complex of the Republic of Belarus (1991–2019). The information on the formation and development of scientific schools at the Institute, their outstanding achievements and examples of successful implementation of developments in enterprises and organizations of the national economic complex is presented. In chronological order, the results of the activities of the Institute scientists structured by the main scientific areas are reviewed, and references to their published books and monographs are given.

Cognitive and Transformative Human Activity in Academician E.M. Babosov’s Philosophical Discourse (Book review: E.M. Babosov. Science and Human Dimensionality of Surrounding Reality. Minsk: Belaruskaya navuka 2021)

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
Alexander N. Danilov
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Political System ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Scientific Cognition ◽  
World Picture ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The article presents reflections on the book Science and Human Dimensionality of Surrounding Reality written by E.M. Babosov, who is a famous philosopher and sociologist, academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. The book was published to the 90th anniversary of the author’s birth. The reviewed book reveals the nature, features, and trends of scientific cognition. There demonstrates wide panorama of interconnections between scientific cognition and education, religion, culture, political system, management, national and global security. The book’s author describes the challenges, issues, and prospects of the 21st century. In his research, E.M. Babosov searches the answer to the question: Will science save humanity? The author’s meditations in the book is the result of his thoughts and concerns of recent decades. The academician acknowledges that scientific cognition, comprehension, and interpretation have eventually become his vocation. According to the book’s author, the progress of science is always a challenge, when the right and the wrong are equal, and new ideas change the usual world-picture. E.M. Babosov provides his vision on relevant modern issues in the light of the government practice of the Republic of Belarus, its diverse manifestation under the global instability condition as well as emphasizes the most relevant problems in the areas of cyber and media spaces, network society formation, largescale digitalization of all human activity spheres. The author analyzes the issues of the development of Belarusian statehood, national identity, national system of government management, personal and public security, political system advance.

Determinants of citizens' attitude to the Ukrainian government: a sociological analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 133-146
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Rakhmanov
Keyword(s):  
Social Research ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The article considers the perception of citizens of the government of Ukraine depending on the institutional forms of its formation. Citizens 'attitudes toward government are individuals' reactions to government policies and the activities of its leaders. The formation of these reactions occurs by comparing one's own expectations about the government's activities with the perception of the results of these activities. The dynamics of the influence of socio-economic, value-ideological and structural factors on the assessment of government activities was analyzed on the basis of empirical data from the five waves of the European Social Research (ESS) and the 2020 monitoring study of the Institute of Sociology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. the dynamics of the influence of socio-economic, value-ideological and structural factors on the assessment of power was analyzed. It was found that in the case of forming the government through a coalition of political forces in the parliament, citizens' perception of government activities is largely determined by their ideological beliefs. In particular, in relation to both governments of Yulia Tymoshenko, more satisfaction was observed among people who position themselves on the right ideological flank. On the other hand, in relation to the government of Viktor Yanukovych, more satisfaction was observed among people positioning themselves on the ideological left flank. In contrast to this, when the government is formed on the initiative of the presidential administration, government policy is perceived by the population through the prism of their structural and socio-economic interests. Satisfaction with the activities of the second Mykola Azarov’s Government and the Denys Shmyhal’s Government was mostly conditioned by an income and financial situation of the respondens. The results of the study generally supported the assumption that the turnover of government and the institutional form of government is reflected in the attitude of citizens to the activities of governments.

scholarly journals Facebook’s Emotional Contagion Experiment as a Challenge to Research Ethics

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 75-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jukka Jouhki ◽  
Epp Lauk ◽  
Maija Penttinen ◽  
Niina Sormanen ◽  
Turo Uskali
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Research Ethics ◽  
Emotional Contagion ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Significant Challenge ◽  
Massive Scale ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

This article analyzes the ethical discussion focusing on the Facebook emotional contagion experiment published by the <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</em> in 2014. The massive-scale experiment manipulated the News Feeds of a large amount of Facebook users and was successful in proving that emotional contagion happens also in online environments. However, the experiment caused ethical concerns within and outside academia mainly for two intertwined reasons, the first revolving around the idea of research as manipulation, and the second focusing on the problematic definition of informed consent. The article concurs with recent research that the era of social media and big data research are posing a significant challenge to research ethics, the practice and views of which are grounded in the pre social media era, and reflect the classical ethical stances of utilitarianism and deontology.

scholarly journals Introductory words by the editor-in-chief

2018 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
Liudmyla O. Fylypovych
Keyword(s):  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Family Values ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Public Discussion ◽  
Philosophy Professor ◽  
Doctor Of Philosophy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Practical Conference

The thematic focus of this issue of the journal "Religious Freedom" was determined by the International Scientific and Practical Conference "Religious Freedom: Updating of Family Values", held on September 24-25, 2018 in Kyiv, Ukraine. Since 1994, conferences, which discussed various aspects of the existence of religious freedom, have become traditional. They necessarily ended with publication of materials of public discussion. This year the conference was devoted to the XXV-year anniversary of the Ukrainian Association of Religious Studies (URA), authoritative in Ukraine and far beyond its borders. The conference was organized by the Institute of Philosophy named after G.S. Skovoroda of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, the Ministry of Culture of Ukraine, the Ukrainian Association of Religious Studies, the Institute of Religious Freedom. People's deputies of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, members of the government, representatives of the councils of churches and religious organizations were invited to the speeches and reports in the Grand Conference Hall of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Academician-secretary of the Department of History, Philosophy and Law of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Valery Smoliy, Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Director of the Institute of Philosophy named after G.S. Skovoroda Anatoly Yermolenko, Deputy Director, Head of the Department of Religious Studies of the Institute of Philosophy named after GS Skovoroda is Doctor of Philosophy, Professor Anatoly Kolodny.

Beyond Numbers: A Broader Perspective on Risk Perception and Risk Communication

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Slovic
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

In a bold and insightful speech before the National Academy of Sciences at the beginning of his second term as the administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), William Ruckelshaus called for a governmentwide process for managing risks that involved the public. Arguing that the government must accommodate the will of the people, he quoted Thomas Jefferson's famous dictum to the effect that "if we think [the people] not enlightened enough to exercise their control with a wholesome discretion, the remedy is not to take it from them, but to inform their discretion" (Ruckelshaus 1983, p. 1028). Midway into his tenure as the EPA administrator, Ruckelshaus's experiences in attempting to implement Jefferson's philosophy led him to a more sober evaluation: "Easy for him to say. As we have seen, informing discretion about risk has itself a high risk of failure" (Ruckelshaus, 1984, p. 160). This chapter attempts to illustrate why the goal of informing the public about risk issues—which in principle seems easy to attain—is surprisingly difficult to accomplish. To be effective, risk communicators must recognize and overcome a number of obstacles that have their roots in the limitations of scientific risk assessment and the idiosyncrasies of the human mind. Doing an adequate job of communicating means finding comprehensible ways of presenting complex technical material that is clouded by uncertainty and inherently difficult to understand. Greater awareness of the nature of risk perceptions, the fundamental values and concerns that underlie those perceptions, and the difficulties of communicating about risk should enhance the chances of designing an environment in which all parties can cooperate in solving the common problems of risk management. Risk assessment is a complex discipline, not fully understood by its practitioners, much less by the lay public. At the technical level, there is still much debate over terminology and techniques, and technical limitations and disagreements among experts inevitably affect communication in the adversarial climate that surrounds many risk issues. Those conveying these issues to the public must be aware of the strengths and limits of the methods they use to generate this information. In particular, such risk communicators need to understand that risk assessments are constructed from theoretical models that are based on assumptions and subjective judgments.

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