scholarly journals Evaluation of Water Suitability for Sustainable Seaweed (Kappaphycus Alvarezii) Cultivation to Support Science Technopark in North Kalimantan

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 490-503
Author(s):  
Ermawaty Maradhy ◽  
Rizal Syarief Nazriel ◽  
Surjono Hadi Sutjahjo ◽  
Meika Syahbana Rusli ◽  
Widiatmaka Widiatmaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Kappaphycus Alvarezii ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Seaweed Cultivation ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Planting Method

Tarakan dry seaweed production increased during 2012-2018 for the cultivation of Kappaphycus alvarezii with the longline planting method. This study aims to assess the quality of the waters and their suitability for seaweed cultivation on the coast of Tarakan Island. The environmental parameters of water quality measured were chlorophyll-a, water temperature, salinity, pH, DO, TDS, turbidity, nitrate, phosphate, water depth, current velocity, protection, research location, and distance between settlements. The study was conducted with in-situ and ex-situ measurements based on APHA (2012). Water samples were taken using the multi-parameter Horiba U51. chlorophyll-a was analyzed using spectrophotometric methods, nitrate levels were analyzed using SNI 06-6989.79-2011, while phosphates were analyzed using SNI 06-6989.31-2005. The suitability of the waters is divided into 4 classes, S1 (very suitable), S2 (suitable), S3 (marginally suitable), and N (not suitable). The results showed that the coast of Tarakan Island has 3 categories, namely marginally suitable (S3) 13.20%, suitable (S2) 86.50%, and very suitable (S1) 0.30%. The existing condition of the coastal waters of Tarakan Island supports the cultivation of K. alvarezii seaweed. Tarakan Island coastal existing condition as an areal support seaweed cultivation K. alvarezii with the potential to be developed land area of 33896.73 ha.

scholarly journals The SCOC database, a large, open, and global database with sediment community oxygen consumption rates

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Stratmann ◽  
Karline Soetaert ◽  
Chih-Lin Wei ◽  
Yu-Shih Lin ◽  
Dick van Oevelen
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Global Database ◽  
Data Record ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Sediment community oxygen consumption (SCOC) rates provide important information about biogeochemical processes in marine sediments and the activity of benthic microorganisms and fauna. Therefore, several databases of SCOC data have been compiled since the mid-1990s. However, these earlier databases contained much less data records and were not freely available. Additionally, the databases were not transparent in their selection procedure, so that other researchers could not assess the quality of the data. Here, we present the largest, best documented, and freely available database of SCOC data compiled to date. The database is comprised of 3,540 georeferenced SCOC records from 230 studies that were selected following the procedure for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Each data record states whether the oxygen consumption was measured ex situ or in situ, as total oxygen uptake, diffusive or advective oxygen uptake, and which measurement device was used. The database will be curated and updated annually to secure and maintain an up-to-date global database of SCOC data.

In-Situ Observation of Chemical Vapor Deposition of Thin Sige Films by Optical Reflection Interferometry

1994 ◽  
Vol 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ritter ◽  
B. Tillack ◽  
M. Weidner ◽  
F. G. Böbel ◽  
B. Hertel
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Optical Reflection ◽  
Initial Stage

AbstractChemical Vapor Deposition of Si1-x Gex – films on Si (100) and of polycrystalline Si1-x Gex, layers on SiO2 – coated substrates have been performed at a pressure of 200 Pa in the temperature range of 500°C – 800°C, correspondingly. To observe the growth process and to characterize the growing thin films at deposition conditions an optical reflection interferometer (PYRITIERS) has been used. Comparing the data obtained at growth temperature with ex- situ measurements by spectroscopic ellipsometry the temperature dependence of optical constants of SiGe films have been evaluated. The reflectivity measurements during the deposition process allow to study the quality of the heteroepitaxial film, even in the initial stage of epitaxial growth.

scholarly journals Analysis of growth and quality of seaweed carrageenan Kappaphycus alvarezii in different locations on the Banggai’s Waters, Central Sulawesi

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Frederik Dony Sangkia ◽  
Grevo S Gerung ◽  
Roike I Montolalu
Keyword(s):  
Red Algae ◽  
Kappaphycus Alvarezii ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Seaweed Cultivation ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Seaweed Production ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
Central Sulawesi ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

Title (Bahasa Indonesia): Analisis pertumbuhan dan kualitas karagenan rumput laut Kappaphycus alvarezii pada lokasi berbeda di Wilayah Perairan Banggai ProvinsiSulawesi Tengah Seaweed is a potential of coastal resources. Carrageenan is a polysaccharide extracted from seaweed or some species of red algae (Rhodophyceae). Seaweed growth is strongly influenced by two factors: internal and external factors. But twthat determine the success of the seaweed growth is the management carried out by people working on it. Banggai Regency is one of the largest seaweed production centers in Central Sulawesi. The main objective of this studyis toexamine the potential of seaweed cultivation (Kappaphycus avarezii) by looking at the growth and the carrageenan, inBanggai waters, Central SulawesiProvince. The temperature range obtained during this study r25to 31ºC. The results of carrageenananaliysis wasvery different due to differences inlocation, showed by content.  The highest and lowest ashcontentwere obtained from two locations, 1,8% (Jayabakti) and 2.8% (Liang), respectively.Rumput laut merupakan sumberdaya pesisir yang sangat potensial. Karagenan merupakan polisakarida yang diekstraksi dari beberapa spesies rumput laut atau alga merah (rhodophyceae). Pertumbuhan rumput laut sangat dipengaruhi oleh dua faktor yaitu faktor internal dan faktor eksternal. Namun yang sangat menentukan keberhasilan pertumbuhan rumput laut yaitu pengelolaan yang dilakukan oleh manusia. Kabupaten Banggai merupakan salah satu sentral produksi rumput laut terbesar di Sulawesi Tengah. Tujuan utama penelitian ini mengkaji tentang potensi budidaya rumput laut (Kappaphycus alvarezii) yang dikembangkan dengan melihat pertumbuhan dan analisis karaginannya di perairan Kabupaten Banggai Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah. Kisaran suhu yang didapat selama penelitian ini adalah berkisar 25–31ºC. Hasil analisa rendemen karagenan ini sangat berbeda yang disebabkan oleh perbedaan lokasi memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap kandungannya. Nilai kadar abu tertinggi dan terendah berturut-turut yang di peroleh dari kedua lokasi ini adalah 1,8% (Jaya Bakti) dan 2,8% (Liang).

scholarly journals Local, Daily, and Total Bio-Optical Models of Coastal Waters of Manfredonia Gulf Applied to Simulated Data of CHRIS, Landsat TM, MIVIS, MODIS, and PRISMA Sensors for Evaluating the Error

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Maria Cavalli
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Local Models ◽  
Imaging Spectrometer ◽  
Mode 2 ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Remote Data

The spatial–temporal resolution of remote data covers coastal water variability, but this approach offers a lower accuracy than in situ observations. Two of the major error sources occur due to the parameterization of bio-optical models and spectral capability of the remote data. These errors were evaluated by exploiting data acquired in the coastal waters of Manfredonia Gulf. Chlorophyll-a concentrations, absorption of the colored dissolved organic material at 440 nm (aCDOM440nm), and tripton concentrations measured in situ varied between 0.09–1.76 mgm−3, 0.00–0.41 m−1, and 1.97–8.90 gm−3. In accordance with the position and time of in situ surveys, 36 local models, four daily models, and one total bio-optical model were parameterized and validated using in situ data before applying to Compact High-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (CHRIS) mode 1, CHRIS mode 2, Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM), Multispectral Infrared and Visible Imaging Spectrometer (MIVIS), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and Precursore Iperspettrale della Missione Applicativa (PRISMA) simulated data. Concentrations retrieved from PRISMA data using local models highlighted the smallest errors. Because tripton abundance is great and tripton absorptions were better resolved than those of chlorophyll-a and colored dissolved organic material (CDOM), tripton concentrations were adequately retrieved from all data using total models, while only local models adequately retrieved chlorophyll-a concentrations and aCDOM440nm from CHRIS mode 1, CHRIS mode 2, MIVIS, and MODIS data. Therefore, the application of local models shows smaller errors than those of daily and total models; however, the capability to resolve the absorption of water constituents and analyze their concentration range can dictate the model choice. Consequently, the integration of more models allows us to overcome the limitations of the data and sensors.

scholarly journals Hygienic quality of public natural swimming pools (NSP)

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-370
Author(s):  
Stefan Bruns ◽  
Christina Peppler
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Elimination Rate ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Swimming Pools ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
External Water ◽  
Log Steps ◽  
Further Development

Abstract Natural swimming pools (NSP) have become more popular in the past 20 years, both for private and public use, but their hygienic status remains a matter of discussion. Elimination rates in NSP are well defined for Escherichia coli, enterococci and Pseudomonas but a lack of knowledge exists regarding elimination rates in NSP concerning the parasitic protozoans Giardia and Cryptosporidium. First studies indicate that in-situ zooplankton filtration proved to reduce these protozoans efficiently: the in-situ elimination of Cryptosporidium is dependent on the population of zooplankton. In the 50% percentile the elimination rate is four times faster than in the chlorinated pool. The ex-situ elimination of Cryptosporidium in an NSP is approximately 10% faster than in a chlorinated pool. In ex-situ treatment of NSP the elimination rate reached 2 log-steps versus 1 log-step in chlorinated pools. For the further development of NSP for the best possible hygiene and health status some elementary questions, stated in this paper, will have to be solved in the next years or decades. This work describes the in-situ (water treatment inside the pool) and ex-situ water treatment (water treatment via external water treatment plants) of NSP, and the influence of zooplankton in existing NSP on the elimination rate of Cryptosporidium and Giardia.

scholarly journals Bio-Optical Characteristics of the Black Sea Coastal Waters near Sevastopol: Assessment of the MODIS and VIIRS Products Accuracy

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Skorokhod ◽  
T. Ya. Churilova ◽  
T. V. Efimova ◽  
N. A. Moiseeva ◽  
V. V. Suslin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Light Absorption ◽  
Ecological Monitoring ◽  
Optically Active ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Chlorophyll A Concentration

Purpose. The purpose of the work is to evaluate accuracy of the satellite products for the coastal waters near Sevastopol, reconstructed by the standard algorithms based on the MODIS and VIIRS (installed at the artificial Earth satellites Aqua and Terra, and at Suomi NPP, respectively) data. Methods and Results. In situ sampling was carried out at the station (44°37'26" N and 33°26'05" E) located at a distance of two miles from the Sevastopol Bay. The chlorophyll a concentration was measured by the spectrophotometric method. The spectral light absorption coefficients by optically active components were measured in accordance with the current NASA protocol. The spectroradiometers MODIS and VIIRS Level 2 data with spatial resolution 1 km in nadir around the in situ station (44°37'26"±0°00'32" N and 33°26'05"±0°00'54" E) were used. The satellite products were processed by the SeaDAS 7.5.3 software developed in NASA. The research showed that the standard NASA algorithms being applied to the MODIS and VIIRS data, yielded incorrect values of the optically active components’ content in the Black Sea coastal waters near Sevastopol as compared to the data of in situ measurements in the same region: the satellite-derived “chlorophyll a concentration” was on average 1.6 times lower in spring, and 1.4 times higher in summer; the contribution of phytoplankton pigments to total light absorption at 443 nm was underestimated in 8.7 times; the light absorption by colored detrital organic matter was overestimated in 2.2 times. Conclusions. The NASA standard algorithms are inapplicable to calculating bio-optical indices in the coastal waters of the Black Sea near Sevastopol since they provide incorrect values of the satellite products (Ca-s, aph-s(443) and aCDM-s(443)). Operative ecological monitoring based on satellite data requires development of a regional algorithm taking into account the seawater optical features in the region and in the coastal zone, in particular.

scholarly journals Advanced techniques of conservation and cultivation

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5th) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhananjay Kulkarni ◽  
Dr.Renuka Shahaji Pawar ◽  
Ruchita Raghunath Kudale
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Herbal Medicinal Products ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Herbal Medicinal

Since ancient times, various plants are being traditionally used, as medicine throughout the world. These plants are cultivated as well as collected from wild. Some important medicinal plants, which have source of wild, are difficult for collection. The best way to provide the plants needed for medicinal purposes is to cultivated rather than collecting them from wild. Now a days, some medicinal species are in risk of disappearing due to man-made and natural calamities. So there is need of conservation of medicinal plants to  maintain  sustainable development  by  protecting  and  using  biological resources  in  ways  that  do  not  diminish  the  world’s variety  of  genes , species, habitats  and  ecosystems. Medicinal plants can be cultivated by cutting, layering, grafting and budding and conservation mainly included activities like collection, propagation, characterization, evaluation and eradication,  storage  and  division. On the other hand, some modern techniques have been also established for the better growth and maintenance of medicinal plants such as In-Situ & Ex-Situ conservation, Germplasm technique, cryopreserpation technique, tissue culture technique. This review gives information about various cultivation methods to reduces misidentification and adulteration of medicinal herbs and also shows importance of modern techniques of conservation, management and sustainable utilization of medicinal plants for human health care. This information will definitely useful for quality of herbal medicinal products and reduced uncertain therapeutic effects.

scholarly journals Kualitas dan distribusi spasial karakteristik fisika-kimia Sungai Siak di Kota Pekanbaru

DEPIK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-343
Author(s):  
Luri Anita Vanri ◽  
Adriman Adriman ◽  
Muhammad Fauzi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Main Factor

Siak River is one of the biggest rivers and the deepest in Riau Province in Indonesia with its 20-30 depth and depth 370 kilometers. The Siak River used for bathing, washing, dumping industrial palm oil, plantation, domestic waste, and port so it has an impact on water quality changing. This study analyzed the water quality and distribution spatial physical and chemical parameters the river around in Pekanbaru city, using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), this study used laboratory in situ and ex situ water quality measurement instruments. Water sampling each station done three times in two weeks during October to November 2019. The results obtained from this study shows the water quality of these 6 stations in the category of bad and the water quality from headwaters to downstream river influenced by organic parameter as a dominant pollutant. The correlation of water quality characteristic was 74.4% main factor 1 (F1) 47.4% and main factor 2 (F2) 26.7% with main characteristics fecal coliform, phosphate, and nitrate. Grouping these characteristics through a dendrogram showed three levels of relationship based on the characteristic parameter. The first group stands for station 1,2, and 4 have higher brightness and Dissolved oxygen (DO) parameters than other stations. The second group stands for stations 3 and 5 that have relatively high in parameter phosphate and nitrate. The third group is station 6 (river estuary) which results in shows high of fecal coliform proportional to pollution. The study can be concluded that three groups heavily contaminated. Each group has different parameters that show influence upland and waters activities.Keywords: Distribution of spatial, The quality of water, Siak River, Physical and Chemical Parameters, PCA ABSTRAKSungai Siak merupakan salah satu sungai terbesar di Provinsi Riau dan terdalam di Indonesia, dengan kedalaman sekitar 20-30 meter dan panjang 300 kilometer. Sungai siak masih dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sebagai sarana Mandi Cuci Kakus (MCK), tempat buangan limbah industri kelapa sawit, perkebunan, rumah tangga dan pelabuhan, sehingga berdampak pada perubahan kualitas perairan. Penelitian dilakukan untuk menganalisa kualitas dan distribusi spasial karateristik fisik-kimia perairan Sungai Siak di sekitar Kota Pekanbaru, dengan menggunakan Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Kajian menggunakan instrument pengukuran kualitas air in situ dan ex situ di laboratorium. Pengambilan sampel air pada masing-masing stasiun dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali setiap dua minggu selama bulan Oktober hingga November 2019. Hasil yang diperoleh dari kajian ini adalah kualitas air di keenam stasiun masuk dalam katagori buruk dan mengalami penurunan kualitas dari hulu ke hilir yang disebabkan bahan organik. Korelasi karakteristik kualitas air sebesar 74,3%, faktor utama 1 (F1)  47,4% dan faktor utama 2 (F2) 26,7% dengan penciri utama fecal coliform, fosfat dan nitrat. Pengelompokan stasiun pada dendogram klarifikasi hierarki menunjukkan adanya tiga tingkat hubungan kekerabatan berdasarkan parameter pencirinya. Kelompok satu terdiri dari stasiun 1, 2 dan 4 memiliki hasil relatif tinggi pada parameter kecerahan dan oksigen terlarut (DO) dibandingkan dengan stasiun lainnya. Kelompok dua terdiri dari stasiun 3 dan 5 memiliki hasil relatif tinggi pada paramter nitrat dan fosfat dibandingkan dengan stasiun lainnya. Kelompok tiga adalah stasiun 6 (muara sungai sail) dengan parameter fecal coliform relatif tinggi yang berbanding lurus dengan tingkat pencemarannya. Berdasarkan hasil kajian dapat disimpulkan bahwa tiga kelompok sama-sama tercemar berat, namun masing-masing kelompok memiliki perbedaan parameter pencirinya yang memperlihatkan pengaruh berbagai aktifitas di darat maupun di perairan itu sendiri.Kata kunci: Distribusi spasial, Kualitas air, Sungai Siak, Parameter fisika dan kimia, PCA

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